Protein Synthesis - Translation

Question 1

What is translation?

Answer 1

• second stage

- transcript is translated into amino acids producing proteins

Question 2

Where does translation occur?

Answer 2

In the ribosomes

Question 3

What happens during the first stage of translation?

Answer 3

The mRNA molecule travels through the cytoplasm and attaches to the ribosome

Question 4

Describe what takes place during the second stage?

Answer 4

tRNA molecules transport the specific amino acid

Question 5

Explain what happens in the third stage

Answer 5

Each mRNA codon codes for a specific amino acid

Question 6

What happens in the fourth stage?

Answer 6

The first codon of a mRNA molecule is a start codon. This signals the beginning of translation

Question 7

Explain what happens in stage 5

Answer 7

The anti-codons and codons match up and form complementary base pairs

Question 8

Describe what happens in stage 6

Answer 8

Peptide bonds form between the adjacent amino acids to form the polypeptide chains

Question 9

What happens in stage 7?

Answer 9

Used tRNA molecules exit the ribosome and collect another specific amino acid

Question 10

Explain what happens in the final stage?

Answer 10

The last codon of an mRNA molecule is a stop codon which signals the end of translation

Question 11

What is post-translational modification?

Answer 11

• alteration after a translation of a protein
• can involve the addition of chemical groups e.g. phosphate or carbohydrate
• can also involve the cutting/combining of polypeptide chains