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proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the rarest deficiency in the US?

A

protein

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2
Q

As a country’s economy _________, the
proportion of animal foods in the diet
tends to increase

A

improves

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3
Q

Most of the world relies on _____ proteins
from grains and vegetables

A

plant

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4
Q

About ________ of dietary protein comes
from meat, poultry, seafood, eggs and dairy
products

A

two-thirds

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5
Q

animal products are low in _____and
can be high in fat

A

FIBER

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6
Q

_______amino acids cannot be
synthesized by the human body in
sufficient amounts to meet needs

A

Essential

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7
Q

WHAT ARE THE ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

A

Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine

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8
Q

WHAT ARE THE NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

A

alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine and tyrosine

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9
Q

When a nonessential AA is not in the diet, it can be made in the body by __________

A

transamination

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10
Q

Where is a dipeptide bond formed?

A

between 2 amino acids

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11
Q

Protein shape determines its function and does not affect the nutrient value t or f

A

TRUE

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12
Q

HEMOGLOBIN IS SPHIRICAL

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Food allergies are triggered when a protein from
the diet is absorbed without being completely
_________

A

digested

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14
Q

What copies the code for a protein from the DNA in the nucleus?

A

mRNA

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15
Q

Where does the mRNA take genetic information to?

A

Ribosomes

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16
Q

When at the ribosomes, ______ reads the genetic code and delivers the AA to the ribosome to form a polypeptide chain.

A

tRNA

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17
Q

animal protein sources have B vitamins, minerals like _____, zinc and calcium

A

iron

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18
Q

Plant sources of protein are also a good
source of B vitamins, iron, zinc, fiber,
phytochemicals and calcium, but in less
_______ forms

A

absorbable

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19
Q

______ proteins are often low in amino acids, so you need more than one combination to get everything you need.

A

plant

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20
Q

The two most common limiting AA are?????

A

methionine and lysine

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21
Q

_____ are considered a perfect protein

A

eggs

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22
Q

In the small intestine, protein digesting enzymes from the ________ and the microvilli break down polypeptides into AA

A

pancreas

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23
Q

hydrochloric acid and _____ break down protein in the stomach

A

pepsin

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24
Q

AA pass from ______ into the_______and travel to the _______

A

AA pass from mucosal cell into the blood and travel to the _liver

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25
true or false, dietary protein is often lost in the feces.
FALSE, VERY LITTLE IS LOST
26
People with ______ _______ are more prone to allergies because their damaged intestines allow for the absorption of whole proteins
GI disease
27
deanimation of ketogenic AA results in ___________ -___
acetyl-CoA
28
when energy is consumed in excess, ______ can be used to synthesize Fatty acids
deamination into acetyl-coA
29
protein functions in almost EVERYTHING
TRUE
30
________________is a term that covers a range of protein deficiency conditions that may include only protein deficiency or protein deficiency plus energy deficiency
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)
31
________ is a pure protein deficiency
Kwashiorkor
32
______ is an energy and protein deficiency
Marasmus
33
Swollen belly indicates _______
protein deficiency or pure protein deficiency (Kwashiorkor)
34
depletion of fat stores and wasting muscle indicates _____
marasmus - energy and protein deficiency- starvation
35
What are some issues with too much protein over time?
hydration and kidney function issues, bone health issues, kidney stones, increased risk of heart disease and cancer
36
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited condition attributed to a defective gene, sensitive to phenylalaine. it is found in _________
aspartame
37
PKU causes phenylketones to be produced which is _______ to the brain
toxic
38
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) consists of the amino acid _________- (or glutamate) bound to sodium
glutamic acid
39
Anecdotal reactions include flushed face, tingling or burning sensations, headache, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, and general weakness
MSG symptoms
40
What is commonly termed the chinese restaurant syndrome?
MSG symptoms
41
Nitrogen in = nitrogen out. adults who consume adequate protein and are maintaining a constant body weight are in _______ _______
nitrogen balance
42
nitrogen in is less than nitrogen out. diet is too low in energy or protein, total body protein decreases. due to injury or illness
negative nitrogen balance
43
nitrogen in is greater than nitrogen out. total body protein increases. Usually during pregnancy or weight lifting.
positive nitrogen balance
44
Protein: Adults require ______g/kg body weight per day
0.8
45
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) is ________ of energy for adults
10–35%
46
Protein needs decrease during periods of growth, pregnancy and lactation
FALSE THEY INCREASE
47
Protein need calculation for 70 kg person 70 kg x 0.8 g/kg/day = 56 g of protein/day
true
48
because AA are absorbed throug hte same trasnpsort systems, supplementing one AA can cause a deficiency in another
true
49
PER calculation
wt gain / wt gain when fed reference protein
50
net protein calculation
nitrogen retained / nitrogen consumed x 100
51
BV calculation
nitrogen retained / nitrogen absorbed x 100
52
PCDAAS calculation
amount of limiting AA in test protein / amount of AA required x protein digestibility
53
chemical or AA score calculation
mg of limiting AA of test protein / mg of limiting AA of reference protein x 100
54
what is a lacto ova vegetarian?
excludes animal flesh but does include eggs and dairy
55
lacto vegetarian?
excludes animal flesh and eggs but does include dairy
56
which B vitamin is hardest to get from a vegan diet?
B12, its only in animal products
57
________ = transfer of amino group from one AA to AA carbon skeleton or a-keto acid
Transamination
58
nitrogen balance: _____% of protein = Nitrogen
16%
59
protein = N x _____
6.25
60
how do you calculate nitrogen balance?
protein intake/ 6.25 - g urinary urea N - (0.2 x urinary urea N) - 2g
61
t or false, there are nitrogens in lipids and carbs
FALSE its only from protein
62
High quality (complete) protein q Contains ample amount of all ____essential AA
9
63
Low quality (incomplete) protein q Deficient or low in __________essential AA
one or more
64
_____ – low in grains
Lysine
65
______ – low in legumes
Methionine
66
which ratio is used by the FDA to set standards for baby food?
PER = gram weight gain/ gram protein consumed
67
what is the maximum value of PDCAAS?
1.0
68
What is the RDA for protein? Practice this! person weighs 154 pounds how much protein do they need according to the RDA of 0.8g/kg?
0.8 gram of protein / kg of healthy bw= kg 154lb / 2.2kg/ lb = 70 kg 70 kg x .8 g protein/ kg heathy bw = 56 g protein
69
legumes are often missing the AA _____
methionine
70
graims are often missing AA ______. ____ and _________
lysine, threonine and tryptophan
71
how much does the RDA for protein increase with pregnancy?
10 to 15 g/day
72
how much could the RDA for protein increase for endurance athletes?
1.2 – 1.7 g/kg healthy weight
73
excess protein is stored as protein
FALSE
74
what is the RDA for protein in adults?
0.8g/kg
75
there is a UL for protein
FAlse, there is none
76
AA supplements can _________ the __________ mechanisms in the body
overwhelm and absorptive
77
excess of one AA can hamper absorption of others. t or f
true
78
supplements can cause imbalances and toxicity especially with _________ and _______
methionine and tyrosine
79
after 25, weight gain = ____
fat gain
80
lean muscle mass _________ with increasing age
decreases

Advanced nutrition (15 decks)

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