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water soluble vitamins done Flashcards

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1
Q

Water-soluble vitamins include ________ and _________

A

the B vitamins and vitamin C

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2
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins include __________

A

A, D, E and K

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3
Q

what are vitamins?

A

organic compounds essential in the diet to promote growth and health maintenance

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4
Q

are fat soluble or water soluble vitamins more likely to be toxic?

A

fat soluble because they are stored in the fat, water soluble can be excreted in the urine.

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5
Q

is vitamin D on the nutrition facts label?

A

yes, this is relatively new, it was not on there before

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6
Q

what is B1?

A

thaimin (B1)

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7
Q

what is B2?

A

riboflavin

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8
Q

what is B3?

A

niacin

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9
Q

what are the other B vitamins?

A

biotin, pantothenic acid, B6, folate and B12

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10
Q

which B vitamins are required in refined grains in the US?

A

thamin, riboflavin, niacin and folate

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11
Q

low folic acid levels was linked to __________

A

neural tube defects

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12
Q

what vitamins are added to milk?

A

vitamin A and D

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13
Q

what vitamins can you find in grains?

A

all the B vitamins, vitamin E

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14
Q

what vitamins will you find in veggies?

A

riboflavin, niacin, B2, folate, vitamin A, C, E and K

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15
Q

what vitamins in fruits?

A

folate, vitamin A and C

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16
Q

vitamins in dairy?

A

riboflavin, vitamin A, D and B12

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17
Q

vitamins in protein?

A

all the B vitamins, vitamin A and D

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18
Q

what is fortification?

A

process of adding nutrients to food

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19
Q

what is enrichment?

A

adding nutrients back to food that were lost due to processing

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20
Q

what is an example of enrichment?

A

adding B vitamins to white rice

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21
Q

what is an example of fortification?

A

adding calcium to orange juice

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22
Q

can supplements replace a balanced diet?

A

NOOOOOOOOO

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23
Q

in vitamin absorption: The stomach helps release vitamins and some ______ is absorbed here

A

niacin

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24
Q

in vitamin absorption: the gallbladder releases ____ and helps absorb ________ soluble vitamins

A

bile and fat

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25
in vitamin absorption: the pancreas secretes _____ that help release vitamins from food.
enzymes
26
In vitamin absorption: in the small intestine, fat soluble vitamins are absorbed by _______ _________. they go into the _______ system
simple diffusion and lymph
27
In vitamin absorption: water souble vitamins are abosrbed from the ______ ______ and directly into the ______.
small intestine and blood
28
what is required in the diet for fat soluble vitamins to be absorbed?
FAT IN THE DIET
29
Some vitamins are absorbed in inactive provitamin or vitamin precursor forms that must be converted into ______ by the body
active forms
30
what is an example of a vitamin that is absorbed in inactive forms?
vitamin A
31
Water-soluble vitamins are easily excreted from the body except ________....
B12
32
Because stores can be rapidly depleted, ______ must be consumed regularly
B12
33
____-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissue so it takes longer for a deficiency to develop
Fat
34
coenzymes for energy metabolism??
idk study that
35
left off video at 3/20 page 13
36
does canning reduce nutrient content?
yes, high temperatures reduce the nutrient content,
37
which has higher nutrient content? fresh veggies, frozen or canned?
FROZEN
38
how can you preserve vitamins in your food?
store away from heat and light, eat it soon after purchase. dont soak veggies, cook veggies with little water
39
What was the first vitamin B to be identified?
thaimin
40
what does thaimin do?
Assists in energy production, carbohydrate metabolism, the production of ribose and the health of the nervous system
41
what is beriber?
a deficiency of thiamin
42
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
—a deficiency of thiamin in alcoholics
43
what are some high sources of thamin?
pork, lentils, trout, grains, sunflower seeds, orange juice
44
what b vitamin is easily destroyed by heat and exposure to light?
riboflavin
45
which B vitamin is An important component in the citric acid cycle and for assisting the body with the absorption of other vitamins
riboflavin
46
what are some coenzymes of ribflavin?
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) are the coenzyme forms
47
Ariboflavinosis—a deficiency of _____
riboflavin
48
what are some sources of riboflavin?
pork, trout, milk, beef, white bread, spaghetti
49
what B vitamin Can be synthesized in the body from the essential amino acid tryptophan if the diet is adequate in tryptophan
niacin
50
which B vitamin Plays an important role in the production of energy and in general metabolism
niacin
51
what are two forms of coenzymes for niacin
Two active coenzymes are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)
52
what is Pellagra
Pellagra—a niacin deficiency. Symptoms include the 3 Ds: dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia, and eventually the 4th D: death
53
what dietary sources have lots of niacin?
chicken, trout, peanuts, pork
54
what B vitamin functions as a coenzyme in energy metabolism?
biotin
55
______ in raw eggs would destroy biotin
avidin
56
what are some dietary sources of biotin?
liver, egg yolks, yogurt and nuts
57
where can you get pantothenic acid in the diet?
sunflower seeds, lentils trout
58
what vitamin is Called pyridoxine and comprises a group of compounds including pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine
vitamin B6
59
All three forms of pyidoxine can be converted into _________ _________, which is required for many enzyme reactions in the body
pyridoxal phosphate
60
Vitamin___deficiency may result in anemia due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis and neurotransmitter issues
B6
61
A toxicity from supplements of vitamin B6 can cause ......
irreversible nerve damage
62
what sources have vitamin B6?
chicken, pork, lentils, beef - lots of proteins
63
______ coenzymes are needed for DNA synthesis and the metabolism of some amino acids
Folate
64
n Low _____ intake in early pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects and an increased risk of heart disease related to the metabolism of the amino acid homocysteine
folate
65
what foods are high in folate?
Lentils!! asparagus and spaghetti
66
what vitamin is necessary for the proper absorption of iron in the body?
vitamin B12
67
what vitamin do most vegan diets need supplements for?
B12
68
_____ ________—a B12 deficiency q A form of anemia that does not respond to iron supplementation
Pernicious anemia
69
Excessive intake of ______ ____can mask B12 deficiencies
folic acid
70
what foods have a lot of B12?
trout, beef, pork, milk (proteins)
71
what vitamin Known as ascorbic acid or ascorbate
vitamin C
72
what vitamin Can be destroyed in food by oxygen, light and heat, as well as contact with copper or iron cookware
vitamin C
73
Functions q Antioxidant in the body q Helps maintain the immune system q Important in the production of collagen q Aids in iron absorption
vitamin C
74
vitamin C helps give ______ strong healthy cross linked connective tissue
collagen
75
what foods are high in vitamin C?
orange juice, kiwi, strawberries, cantaloupe
76
what foods have choline?
eggs, beef, salmon, pinto beans

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