Proteins

Question 1

Proteins are __________ organic molecules

Answer 1

complex

Question 2

How are proteins Chemically similar to lipids and carbohydrates?

Answer 2

they contain carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Question 3

What is the difference between protein, lipids and carbohydrates?

Answer 3

protein is 16% nitrogen

Question 4

Human body contains ~?

Answer 4

100 000 different proteins

Question 5

__________ are the building blocks of protein?

Answer 5

amino acids

Question 6

One major difference between proteins and the other macronutrients is:

Answer 6

our DNA provides the blueprint on how to build proteins in our body

Question 7

Unlike carbs and fat, the body can:

Answer 7

break down protein that is no longer needed and recycle them

Question 8

RBCs live for how long?

Answer 8

3-4 months

Question 9

The cells lining the small intestine have a _____ life-span.

Answer 9

3-6 day

Question 10

Amino acids are a carbon atom to which three groups are added:

Answer 10

an amino group (-NH2)
a carboxyl group (-COOH)
a functional group (R)

Question 11

How many different types of amino acids are there?

Answer 11

20

Question 12

What gives amino acids their chemical identity?

Answer 12

The functional group (R)

Question 13

How many amino acids are essential?

Answer 13

9 out of the 20

Question 14

What are the 9 essential amino acids?

Answer 14

Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine

Question 15

Primary proteins:

Answer 15

Sequence of amino acids along the polypeptide

Question 16

Secondary proteins:

Answer 16

Initial folding of polypeptide

Question 17

Tertiary proteins:

Answer 17

Globular 3-D structure. Often the final structure.

Question 18

Quaternary proteins:

Answer 18

Several polypeptides bind to form the final protein. Shown here is hemoglobin (4 polypeptides).

Question 19

Polypeptide =

Answer 19

a string of amino acids

Question 20

Proteins often have a globular:

Answer 20

3D shape

Question 21

Enzymes are

Answer 21

proteins

Question 22

Proteins work as:

Answer 22

carriers

Question 23

Hemoglobin is a protein found inside

Answer 23

red blood cells

Question 24

Transport proteins are embedded within

Answer 24

cell membranes

Question 25

Changes to the environment of the protein may cause it | to:

Answer 25

unfold or denature

Question 26

Increased temperature or lowering the pH affects:

Answer 26

hydrogen bonding

Question 27

Broken hydrogen bonds causes the protein to:

Answer 27

unfold

Question 28

A denatured protein is:

Answer 28

inactive

Question 29

The body makes protein by:

Answer 29

following information coded in DNA

Question 30

DNA supplies the instructions for:

Answer 30

making protein

Question 31

How much percent of your genes code for protein?

Answer 31

90%

Question 32

Proteins determine:

Answer 32

the structure and function of cells

Question 33

To make a protein, you would follow directions for connecting the different amino acids in a:

Answer 33

specific order and length

Question 34

A healthy human body can make how many of the amino acids?

Answer 34

11 of the 20 amino acids

Question 35

Where is the main site of non-essential amino acid production?

Answer 35

the liver

Question 36

protein that works to maintain the proper distribution of fluids in blood and body tissues?

Answer 36

Albumin

Question 37

blood capillaries are

Answer 37

leaky tubes

Question 38

Albumin is a large protein that is:

Answer 38

trapped inside the blood vessels

Question 39

The presence of albumin, inside the blood capillaries:

Answer 39

draws water back into the capillaries.

Question 40

extracellular spaces is also known as:

Answer 40

interstitial space

Question 41

The resulting accumulation of fluid in tissues is called

Answer 41

edema

Question 42

To function properly, blood and tissue fluids need to maintain a pH of:

Answer 42

7.35 to 7.45.

Question 43

Antibodies bind to

Answer 43

pathogens

Question 44

The key structural proteins are:

Answer 44

collagen and keratin

Question 45

collagen and keratin constitute more than

Answer 45

a third of body protein.

Question 46

Bone is made mostly of

Answer 46

collagen

Question 47

Keratin is in:

Answer 47

outer layer of skin, hair | and nails

Question 48

Muscle fibers are composed of:

Answer 48

protein

Question 49

Some proteins act as chemical messengers. Also known as:

Answer 49

hormones

Question 50

proteins that act as hormones:

Answer 50

Insulin and glucagon

Question 51

which enzyme digests proteins into | smaller polypeptides?

Answer 51

Pepsin

Question 52

The continual breaking down and recycling of protein is known as:

Answer 52

protein turnover

Question 53

Protein turnover, allows the body to adapt to:

Answer 53

periods of growth (e.g. childhood)

Question 54

Urinary elimination of nitrogen is in the form of:

Answer 54

urea

Question 55

When the body is in a state of | – positive nitrogen balance:

Answer 55

it retains more nitrogen than it loses.

Question 56

examples of positive nitrogen balance:

Answer 56

Resistance exercise • Lactating,pregnant • Recovery from illness

Question 57

protein can be used as energy through

Answer 57

deamination

Question 58

the process of mixing incomplete plant-based protein sources to provide all essential amino acids without adding animal proteins:

Answer 58

Protein complementation

Question 59

Food allergens are:

Answer 59

proteins

Question 60

8 foods account for 90% of all food allergies:

Answer 60

peanuts, tree nuts , milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat

Question 61

severe allergic reaction =

Answer 61

anaphylaxis

Question 62

which allergies are not outgrown?

Answer 62

nuts, seafood, and wheat