Minerals Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
What are the 7 major minerals?
A
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
- Sodium
- Chloride
- Potassium
- Magnesium
- Sulphur
2
Q
What are the 2 trace minerals?
A
- Iron
* Iodine
3
Q
What Are Minerals?
A
• Inorganic substances other than water
4
Q
Are all minerals essential?
A
YES
5
Q
Can minerals be synthesized by any organism?
A
NO
6
Q
Can we synthesize minerals in the laboratory?
A
NO
7
Q
- Inorganic structural components of bones and teeth:
A
Minerals
8
Q
dairy products are rich sources of bioavailable:
A
calcium
9
Q
meat is a rich source of bioavailable:
A
iron and zinc
10
Q
Potassium, magnesium, and manganese are more plentiful in:
A
plant foods
11
Q
Sources of minerals:
A
- food
- tap water
- dietary supplements
12
Q
what type of water naturally contains calcium, sulphur, copper, iron, and zinc?
A
Hard water
13
Q
what is often added to public water supplies?
A
fluoride
14
Q
which water is treated water with sodium (Na+) as the only mineral?
A
Soft water
15
Q
Water with high mineral content often tastes and smells
A
unpleasant
16
Q
iron deficiency:
A
anemia
17
Q
Iodide deficiency:
A
goiter
18
Q
Calcium deficiency:
A
–osteoporosis
19
Q
Potassium deficiency:
A
high blood pressure
20
Q
are minerals destructible?
A
NO
21
Q
are minerals water soluble?
A
YES
22
Q
extracellular fluid inside blood vessels is also known as?
A
intravascular fluid
23
Q
extracellular fluid intercellular spaces is also known as?
A
interstitial fluid
24
Q
what is the most common mineral element in the human body?
A
CALCIUM
25
Stored in bones as hydroxyapatite crystals:
calcium
26
what help regulate blood calcium levels.?
the thyroid and the parathyroid
27
the thyroid and the parathyroid glands help control:
the activity of osteoclast and osteoblast cells
28
bone cells that tear down bone tissue:
osteoclasts
29
bone cells that add bone tissue.
osteoblasts
30
In response to falling blood calcium levels:
parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid
| hormone (PTH)
31
PTH stimulates the activation of:
vitamin D
32
PTH signals
osteoclasts to release calcium from bones to enter the bloodstream.
33
In response to rising blood calcium levels:
The thyroid gland secretes the hormone
| calcitonin
34
calcitonin:
– Inhibits the actions of vitamin DRegardless of one's sex, loss of bone tissue begins in mid-adulthood after the age ofz
35
Regardless of one's sex, loss of bone tissue begins in mid-adulthood after the age of
30
36
Estrogen is a hormone that decreases:
osteoclast activity.
37
After menopause = no more estrogen = osteoclast activity:
INCREASES
38
Risk of osteoporosis is determined largely in your
twenties
39
85% of Phosphorus (P) is stored in:
bones
40
We’ve increased our consumption of phosphorus by 10-15%. Why?
it is in soft drinks to give it tarty taste
41
About 50-60% of the magnesium in the body is found in:
bones
42
But most people struggle to meet the RDA for:
magnesium
43
is most of the sodium we consume from the salt shaker at home?
NO
44
The Upper Level (UL) for sodium for adults is:
2300 mg per day
45
Almost all the sodium consumed is absorbed in the:
intestinal tract
46
Most sodium in the body is found in the:
intravascular compartment.
47
what is attracted to ions, such as sodium, potassium, phosphate, and chloride ions?
WATER
48
Overall, where ions go:
WATER FOLLOWS
49
If you consume a lot of salt, you increase your:
blood pressure
50
what is A “silent killer,”?
HYPERTENSION
51
the maximum blood pressure within an artery:
systolic pressure
52
the pressure in an artery when the heart is relaxed:
diastolic pressure
53
which value is higher, the systolic pressure or the diastolic pressure?
SYSTOLIC
54
The AI for sodium is:
1500mg/day
55
The primary positively charged ion in the intracellular fluid:
Potassium (K)
56
95% of the body's potassium is found:
inside cells
57
So if you eat real food... then potassium intake is:
probably close to the RDA.
58
unlike sodium, potassium is associated with:
lower, rather than higher, blood pressure values.
59
A natural way to counteract high sodium intakes is to consume foods naturally:
rich in potassium and low in sodium, such as fruits.
60
• DASH diets:
* Increase potassium intake
* Increase magnesium intake
* Reduce salt intake
61
an ion in extracellular fluid:
chloride
62
mineral that's– Part of Hydrochloric acid (HCl):
Chloride
63
which mineral is A component of the B-vitamins: thiamin and biotin?
Sulphur (sulphate)
64
which mineral is A component of the amino acids: methionine and cysteine?
Sulphur (sulphate)
65
which mineral is it that We have no EAR, RDA, AI or even UL!?
Sulphur (sulphate)
66
the most common nutrient deficiency in the world:
iron!
67
Everyday we produce how many new red blood cells
2 billion
68
Iron is a component of:
hemoglobin & myoglobin
69
oxygen-storing molecule in muscles:
myoglobin
70
Each hemoglobin molecule provides how many binding sites.
four
71
Gas exchange takes place in the:
air sacs at tips of bronchioles
72
best enhancer of non-heme iron absorption:
Vitamin C
73
compounds in plants bind to non-heme iron and make it unavailable:
chelators
74
a key iron-binding protein:
ferretin
75
The epithelial cells of the small intestine produce:
ferretin
76
binds and stores iron, thereby preventing it from entering the bloodstream:
ferretin
77
The amount of ferritin produced is in proportion to:
body iron stores
78
Some iron is lost each day via the:
GI tract
79
Iodide has a singular function:
the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
80
• Functions of thyroid hormones:
– Regulate basal metabolic rate
81
which has less iodine, sea salt or table salt?
SEA SALT HAS LESS
82
what does chromium do?
possibly enhances the ability of insulin to take in glucose into your cells
83
Zinc, copper and selenium all:
– Work as antioxidants.
| – Component of enzymes
84
selenium
| – Lowers probability of some:
cancers
85
Manganese:
• Carbohydrate metabolism
86
Molybdenum:
• Involved in protein metabolism.
