Proteobacteria (16)

Question 1

Proteobacteria

Answer 1

all types of metabolisms, morphologically diverse

Question 2

Characteristic of anoxygenic photosythesis?

Answer 2

• get cool colours from different photosynthetic pigments
• Lamellae and Spherical Vesicals - invaginated internal membrane
• alpha, beta, gamma.

Question 3

Purple Sulfur Bacteria

Answer 3

• photoautotrophs
• oxidize H2S to S. (store in periplasm)
• Anoxic lakewater and sediments. low oxygen but still have light.
• use CO2
• gamma

Question 4

Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria

Answer 4

• oxidize sulfide in very low concentrations
• also use organic matter for electrons
• photohetertrophs
• fix N2.
• alpha and beta

Question 5

Methylotrophs

Answer 5

• oxidize one carbon compounds (no C-C bonds)

Question 6

Methanotrophs

Answer 6

• only use methane for oxidation
• Methane monooxygenase enzyme
• need oxygen
• soil, cow gut, water column - find where methane and oxygen are present

Question 7

Mussel Gills

Answer 7

live near hydrocarbon seeps, find lots of methanotrophs in gill tissue.
-symbiosis

Question 8

MMO

Answer 8

Can oxidize more than just methane, accident but can help break down contamination.
MMO found in lots of internal membranes.

Question 9

Type 1 vs. Type 2 methanotrophs

Answer 9

Type 1: gamma - ribulose monophosphate

Type 2: alpha - serine

Question 10

Nitrifiers

Answer 10

• Ammonia monooxygenase or Nitrite Oxidase

- Nitrogen for energy, CO2 as carbon source

Question 11

Which bacteria oxidize ammonia?

Answer 11

Nitrosococcus, Nitrosomanas

Question 12

Nitrobacter

Answer 12

Oxidize nitrite

Question 13

Where do you find ammonia and nitrite oxidizing bacteria?

Answer 13

Together, often in sewage. Ammonia -> NO2 -> NO3.

Question 14

Pseudomonads

Answer 14

• Gram negative, single polar flagella, chemoorganoheterotrophs
  now split into multiple.

Question 15

True pseudomonads

Answer 15

• Some pathogenic (aruganosa- resistant to tricolsan)

- some can produce florescence from pyoverdin

Question 16

Pathogenic pseudomonads

Answer 16

opportunistic pathogens to people or plants.

Question 17

N2 Fixers

Answer 17

• N2 is aerobic conditions BUT nitrogenase is inactivated by O2.
• Thick slime layer, minimal O2 inside.

Question 18

Azotobacter

Answer 18

• Nitrogen fixer
• gram negative
• anaerobic cysts - survive dessication and radiation resistant (not heat)

Question 19

Enterics

Answer 19

• multiple flagella, peritrichous
• all gamma
• facilitative aerobes
• oxidase negative, missing cytochrome (tests to determine this)

Question 20

Enterics Metabolism Tests

Answer 20

Ecoli: mixed fermentatio- many acids - acidic product

Butanendiol fermentation: neutral products, lots of gases

Question 21

Rickettsias

Answer 21

• animals to humans in fluids (Q fever, typhus)
• intracellualar parasites
• coccoid or rod
• closely related to mitochondria
• many different carriers (tick)