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Protestant Reformation Flashcards

(59 cards)

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0
Q

Pope Leo X

A

Allowed Johan Tetzel to sell indulgences to fund St. Peter’s basilica

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1
Q

Abuses by church that were causes for Protestant ref

A 
Simony (selling of offices)
Nepotism (offices to relatives)
Pluralism (holding 2+ offices)
Absenteeism (not showing up BC of pluralism) 
Indulgences
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2
Q

3 principles of Lutheranism

A

Scripture alone, faith alone, and grace alone

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3
Q

Some of luthers works

A

On the freedom of the Christian- free will and salvation
On the Babylonian captivity- for theologians, condemns all but 2 sacraments (baptism and communion)
An address to the nobility- patriotically appealed to German princes
German translation of the bible- Christianity for everyone!!

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4
Q

Peasants revolt of 1524-1525

A

Fueled by economic grievances and Lutheran ideal of priesthood of all believers
Luther crushed it BC he needed support from the German princes

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5
Q

Diet of worms

A

Luther defied charles v the holy roman emperor and didn’t turn back on his writings (movie scene)

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6
Q

Charles v’s main concern?

A

Keeping all of his many possessions together! He was under attack by ottoman, France, Algerian pirates, papacy, and German Lutherans

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7
Q

Habsburg Valois wars

A

France vs HRE
Began in Italy
Catholic France supported German Protestants

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8
Q

What brought Renaissance to an end?

A

When charles v sacked Rome in 1527

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9
Q

Schmalkalidic league

A

League formed by Lutheran princes, resisted Charles v’s attacks

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10
Q

Peace of Augsburg

A

Leaders of German provinces could decide religion of their subjects

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11
Q

John Calvin

A

2nd gen reformer
accepted luthers ideas but placed more emphasis on predestination
Set up perfect community in Geneva

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12
Q

Institutes of the Christian religion

A

By Calvin

Synthesized reformed theology and provide tactics for organizing a reform

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13
Q

Ecclesiastical ordinances

A 
Divide church into:
Doctors (study scripture)
Pastors (preach)
Deacons (charity)
Elders (discipline)
By Calvin
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14
Q

Consistory

A

Body in Geneva, ruled by elders

Punished people for drunkenness, gambling, etc

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15
Q

Calvinism was popular among?

A

Nobility and middle class BC they thought they were the elect

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16
Q

Genevan academy

A

Founded by Calvin in 1559

Designed to train leaders who would preach Calvinism elsewhere

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17
Q

John Knox

A

Takes Calvinism to Scotland

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18
Q

Zwingli

A

Preach a more radical movement than luthers, argued about lords supper
Killed in Swiss civil war
Inspired people to smash statues and paint churches white to get people to focus on gods word

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19
Q

Consubstantiation

A

What Luther believed
Bread and wine are really jesus
Receiver has to be in a state of faith

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20
Q

Transubstantiation

A

Catholics

Priests turn bread and wine into body and blood

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21
Q

Marburg colloquy

A

Luther and Zwingli tried to settle differences

Failed miserably, they couldn’t agree

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22
Q

Catherine zell

A

Showed that women often accepted and spread the reformation first
Preached, wrote, and ministered to the poor

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23
Q

Anabaptists

Study These Flashcards
A

Believed in adult baptism (babies souls are in danger

24
Pope Clement VII
Wouldn't grant Henry viii a divorce BC he is controlled by Charles v, Catherine's nephew Caused Henry to start Anglican Church
25
Act of supremacy
Said Henry was the head of the Catholic Church in England
26
Act of succession
Legitimized offspring of Henry and Anne Boleyn (Elizabeth I)
27
Thomas Cromwell
Henry VIII's prime minister | Helped him confiscate church lands
28
Six articles
Confirmed many catholic practices | Showed king didn't really want reform
29
Thomas Cranmer
English, wanted to take Anglican Church reforms further
30
Church under Edward vi?
Move in zwinglian direction
31
Book of common prayer and act of uniformity
Provided simpler interpretation of worship (zwinglian) | Under Edward vi
32
Church under Mary I and Philip II?
Suuper catholic and pro spanish foreign policy (BC Philip is king of Spain) Prosecuted lots of Protestants "Bloody mary" Didn't help Catholicism
33
Elizabethan settlement
Compromise made by Elizabeth I between Catholics and Protestants Executed her cousin, Mary Queen of scots for plotting against her Established England as leading Protestant power
34
39 articles
Cemented Elizabethan compromise | New book of prayer=vague enough so everyone's happy!
35
Spanish Armada
England defeated Spain's attack under Elizabeth I | Showed she was a strong monarch
36
Politique
Like elizabeth I, placed political unity above religious dogma
37
Social impact of proref on family and women
Family and marriage is b important | Women earned limited rights, but their sphere was domestic and their religious vocations were taken away
38
Proref effects on education
Ensured literacy for boys and girls so they could read the bible
39
Philip Melanchthon
"Teacher of Germany" | Advocated public school system called gymnasia
40
Protestant work ethic
``` Emphasis on deferring gratification and building a godly city led to hard work ethic, which helped develop capitalism and strengthen middle class Problematic, but good to know ```
41
Did proref change social classes?
Nope!
42
Proref influence on religious classes
Many practices (saints days, carnival, lent, rituals, etc) were abolished or modified
43
Cardinal Ximenes de Cisneros
Spanish, helped Spain address clerical abuses and tighten regulations for priests
44
Pope paul III
Finally responded to the Protestant reformation
45
Catholic reformation
Actions designed to revive catholic spirituality
46
Counter reformation
Catholic activism to stop spread of Protestant reformation
47
Jesuits
Founded by ignatius Loyola Troops of the pope and missionaries Recatholicized parts of Eastern Europe and even Asia
48
Spiritual exercises
Written by Loyola | "If I see something white but the church says it's black I see it as black"
49
Angela merici
Founded Ursulines to being education to girls | Part of catholic reformation
50
Teresa of Avila
Founded Carmelites dedicated to life of contemplation and service Also didn't wear shoes Part of cathref
51
Oratory of divine love
Group of clergy and laypeople Push for reform in the church and live pious lives Part of cathref
52
Gian Matteo Gilberto and Cardinal charles borromeo
Serious and hard working bishops in Italy | Part of cathref
53
Council of Trent
Got rid of church abuses, provided for better education, regulated priests Reaffirmed religious doctrine (clerical celibacy, good works, papacy, transubstantiation)
54
Roman inquisition
Designed to root out heresies in Italy | Part of cathref
55
Pope paul IV
Published index of prohibited books | Part of counter reformation
56
What kind of art did the catholic reformation sponsor?
Baroque BC it emphasized illusion, grandeur, and dramatic religious emotions
57
Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini
Baroque artist | Helped rebuild Rome to showcase catholic piety
58
Results of cathref?
Not successful in stopping religious divide, but did recatholocize some places After council of Trent? Compromise is not possible! So... Religious conflict ahead!

AP Euro (17 decks)

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