Prurtitis part 1

Question 1

Pruritis

Answer 1

Sensation of skin that provokes the urge to scratch

Question 2

True or False: pruritic skin looks the same in most cases

Answer 2

True

Question 3

General causes of pruritis

Answer 3

Allergens, Ectoparasites, infections

Question 4

Allergens causing pruritis include

Answer 4

Flea bite allergy

Atopic dermatitis

Cutanous adverse food reaction

Insect bite hypersensitivity/ contact dermatitis

Vaccine/ drugs/ heat and cold/ sunlight/ stress

Question 5

Ectoparasite causes of pruritis

Answer 5

Sarcoptes

Demodecosis (can have secondary pyoderma)

Cheyletiella

Lice

Chiggers

Question 6

Infections that can cause pruritis

Answer 6

Pyoderma- bacterial infections

Dermatophytosis

Yeasts

Question 7

Pruritis in caudal dorsum

Answer 7

Flea allergy

Question 8

Feet licking, chewing would suggest

Answer 8

Food allergy or atopy

Question 9

Elbow and ear pruritis

Answer 9

Sarcoptic mange

Question 10

Seasonal causes of pruritis

Answer 10

Flea allergy

Atopy

Insect allergy

Question 11

Diseases that are extremely pruritic

Answer 11

Scabies

Flea bite allergy

Food allergy

Question 12

If the pruritis comes before a lesion, consider these diseases first

Answer 12

Allergies

Scabies

Question 13

If lesions appear before pruritis, consider these diseases

Answer 13

Demodecosis

Dermatophytosis

Question 14

How often should pruritis be re-assessed

Answer 14

1-2 weeks after starting treatment

Question 15

Pathogenesis for flea allergy dermatitis

Answer 15

Type 1 hypersensitivity

most common allergic skin condition

Question 16

Clinical signs of flea allergic dermatitis

Answer 16

Lumbo-sacral distribution

Pruritic crusting eruption and secondary erythema, seborrhea, alopecia, excoriation, pyoderma, hyperpigmentation and lichenification

Fleas and fle dirt are found

Question 17

Cats with flea allergic dermatitis can present with

Answer 17

miliary dermatitis

Question 18

Do fleas or flea dirt have to be present for FAD

Answer 18

No

It can sometimes take only one flea bite to set off the allergic reaction

Question 19

Why would a dog/ cat not have fleas on them in a case of FAD

Answer 19

Excessive grooming

Question 20

What ages are most common for FAD

Answer 20

can happen at any age, but 61% of dogs show signs between 1 and 3 years

Question 21

Describe the Flea antigen test

Answer 21

Intradermal

3 injections- negative control, positive control and flea allergen

Question 22

Does a negative elevated serum flea allergen specific IgE rule out FAD

Answer 22

No!

Question 23

Treatment for FAD

Answer 23

Flea eradiacation

Question 24

Advantage spot on

Answer 24

Imidacloprid and moxidectin

Kills adult fleas before they lay eggs and prevents eggs from being shed

Question 25

Revolution spot on

Answer 25

Selamectin kills adult fleas and prevents eggs from hatching

Question 26

Frontline Plus

Answer 26

fipronil and methoprene

Question 27

Vectra 3D spot on

Answer 27

Dinotefuran, permethrin and pyriproxyfen an IGR Prevents development of flea eggs and larva

Question 28

Promeris spot on

Answer 28

Metaflumizone and amitraz Kills fleas

Question 29

Percentage of adults, pupae, larvae and eggs

Answer 29

Adults= 5% Pupae= 10% Larvae= 35% Eggs = 50%

Question 30

Do more flea eggs live on the pet or in the environment

Answer 30

Environment = 95%

Question 31

Home cleaning for fleas

Answer 31

Vaccuum with disposal of the bag away from the house wash animal bedding in hot water weekly and dry for 20 min on high heat steam clean rugs and carpets

Question 32

Yard cleaning for fleas

Answer 32

Fleas survive and reproduce in shaded moist areas with plants and organic debris aka get rid of yard debris

Question 33

Atopy is

Answer 33

Allergic dermatitis

Question 34

Atopy can be caused by

Answer 34

hypersensitivity to aeroallergens type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

Question 35

Clinical signs of Atopy

Answer 35

Pruritis Can be chronic or replasing/ seasonal Usual onset between 4 months to 7 yrs Paws, face, distal extremeties, elbows, ventrum, otitis externa

Question 36

Allergy tests (serum or intradermal) detect...

Answer 36

Allergen specific IgE Raised and disease= allergy Raised with no disease= subclinical hypersensitivity

Question 37

What should be avoided before intradermal testing

Answer 37

antihistamines and essential fatty acids for two weeks before oral or topical steroids for one month no baths for 5 days

Question 38

Therapies for Atopy

Answer 38

ASIT ( allergen specific immunotherapy) Allergen avoidance Symptomatic relief

Question 39

ASIT cna be performed in two ways...

Answer 39

Subcutaneous where you increase the dose and concentration slowly sublingual twice daily

Question 40

Best meds for atopy symptomatic relief

Answer 40

Glucocorticoids Cyclosporine A Oclacitinib Medium evidence for skin lipid therapy

Question 41

Distadvantages to corticosteroids

Answer 41

PU/PD/PP and weight gain Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism Iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism in withdrawn suddenly less effective over time more susceptible ot infections urinary incontinence temperment and behavior changes

Question 42

Cyclosporine A (Atopica)

Answer 42

Very effective for atopy anti-allergic and immunosuppressive

Question 43

Oclacitinib (Apoquel)

Answer 43

JAK 1 and JAK 3 inhibitor Decreases inflammation and itching

Question 44

Fatty acids canbe used for atopy because

Answer 44

The form arachidonic acid whic can cause less inflammation

Question 45

Which test is best to identify known environmental allergens causing atopy after performing your inital dermatological examination?

Answer 45

Intradermal allergy test

Question 46

Most common cause of pruritis in a 4 month old dog

Answer 46

Flea bite dermatitis

Question 47

Atopic dermatitis is caused by

Answer 47

Type 1 hypersensitivity

Question 48

Which is the second most common cause of allergic dermatitis in a four month old puppy

Answer 48

Food allergens

Question 49

Which of the following does not show fair to strong evidence to control pruritis in an atopic dog

Answer 49

Antihistamines

Question 50

Which product would give local and environmental control in a dog with flea allergic dermatitis

Answer 50

Advantage (imidocloprid)

Question 51

An owner has decided on intradermal allergy testing and hyposensitization. Qhat percentage of dogs have good to excellent control of atopic dermatitis with hyposensitization?

Answer 51

50%