PSEUDOMONAS

Question 1

Genus Pseudomonas is commonly found in ?

Answer 1

1. Aquatic habitats
2. Soil

Question 2

Pseudomonas ______ and Pseudomonas ______ are occasional parasite in animals

Answer 2

pseudomallei, aeruginosa

Question 3

Pseudomonas _____ is specialized mammalian parasite.

Answer 3

mallei

Question 4

All species of Pseudomonas are motile by means of polar flagella except?

Answer 4

P. mallei

Question 5

What is the shape of Genus Pseudomonas?

Answer 5

Rod-shaped

Question 6

Pseudomonas spp. are generally oxidase negative. True or False?

Answer 6

False, positive.

Question 7

What are the other names of P. aeruginosa?

Answer 7

1. Bacillus of green pus
2. Pseudomonas pyocyaneus

Question 8

P. aeruginosa causes ____ ____ on sheep, associated with wetting of the fleece.

Answer 8

green wool

Question 9

P. aeruginosa has low or high virulence?

Answer 9

Low; but causes suppurative infections in domestic animals

Question 10

Describe the morphology and staining features of P. aeruginosa.

Answer 10

• Straight, slender rod about 2.5 x 0.4um
• Motile by one to three polar flagella
• Spores not formed
• Capsule sometimes present
• Gram negative (-)
• Stains easily with ordinary dye

Question 11

What are the distinguishing characteristics of P. aeruginosa?

Answer 11

Recognized by bright green pigment and grape like-odor (** aminoacetophenone ** - aromatic ketone with multiple isomers) it produces

Question 12

A yellow-green pigment that is produced by P. aeruginosa that becomes oxidized to yellow.

Answer 12

Pyoverdine

Question 13

A bluish-green pigment that is produced by P. aeruginosa that becomes oxidized to brown.

Answer 13

Pyocyanin

Question 14

Fluorescein and pyocyanin are both water-soluble. Which one is soluble in chloroform?

Answer 14

Pyocyanin

Question 15

Upon prolonged culture, some strains lose ability to form pigment. True or False?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

______ strains fairly in common and identified by their mucoid growth on ** potassium gluconate medium **.

Answer 16

Apyocyanogenic

Question 17

Describe the P. aeruginosa according to its oxygen requirement.

Answer 17

Obligate aerobe that uses oxygen as terminal electron receptor

Question 18

Describe the colonies of P. aeruginosa.

Answer 18

Produce smooth, shiny, moist, fimbriate and spreading colonies

Question 19

P. aeruginosa produces ______ sheen that appears on the surface of growths on solid media.

Answer 19

opalescent

Question 20

P. aeruginosa grows on wide range of incubation temp. from ?

Answer 20

4 C to 42 C

Question 21

P. aeruginosa can ferment carbohydrates. True or False?

Answer 21

False, (but some strains produce acid from some sugars)

Question 22

Most strains of P. aeruginosa are hemolytic. True or False?

Answer 22

True; most strains from lesions liquefy gelatin and are hemolytic

Question 23

P. aeruginosa produces what enzymes?

Answer 23

1. Catalase
2. Oxidase
3. Urease

Question 24

P. aeruginosa is indole positive but negative in MRVP. True or False?

Answer 24

False, all negative

Question 25

What are the antigens present in P. aeruginosa?

Answer 25

* 17 O antigens * 6 H antigens

Question 26

What are the toxins produced in P. aeruginosa?

Answer 26

1. Toxin A 2. Proteases 3. Elastase

Question 27

Proteases and elastase produced by P. aeruginosa induces ?

Answer 27

Destruction of elastin in lung parenchyma which is important virulence factor in experimentally induced pneumonia

Question 28

Toxin A produced by P. aeruginosa induces?

Answer 28

Inhibition of protein synthesis and contributes significantly to lesion development in burn infections

Question 29

A protein, which is used in typing by testing extract of an unknown organism against indicator strains or by testing sensitivity of unknown organism to known _____.

Answer 29

Pyocin

Question 30

______ and ______ are important in production of edema, induration, hemorrhage, and necrosis observed in skin lesions.

Answer 30

Toxin A and protease

Question 31

P. aeruginosa produces slime layer. True or False?

Answer 31

True; makes it antiphagocytic

Question 32

Between strains from lesions and strains from environment, which one is hemolytic?

Answer 32

Strains from lesions

Question 33

P. aeruginosa is found in what conditions of swine?

Answer 33

1. Necrotic pneumonia 2. Enteritis 3. Rhinitis 4. Lesions associated with traumatic reticulopericarditis (hardware disease)

Question 34

What are the clinical signs/diseases does P. aeruginosa induces in cattle?

Answer 34

1. Lesions associated with traumatic reticulopericarditis (hardware disease 2. Bovine mastitis involving 4 quarters exhibiting endotoxemia leading to death 3. Cause of bovine infertility, uteritis, cervicitis, vaginitis 4. Sporadic abortion 5. Balanoposthitis

Question 35

Stallions and mares can be both infected by P. aeruginosa. True or False?

Answer 35

False; Stallions transmit but only mares show symptoms or are infected

Question 36

What are the clinical signs/diseases does P. aeruginosa induces in horse?

Answer 36

1. Metritis 2. Infertility 3. Opportunistic invader of traumatized cornea in racing horses resulting in opacification and ulceration that is difficult to treat (results from activity of toxin A, proteases, and elastase production)

Question 37

What are the clinical signs/diseases does P. aeruginosa induces in dogs?

Answer 37

**Suppurative otitis externa** in dogs as complication of injury, mange, bacterial and fungal infection.

Question 38

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is most devastating in minks and chinchillas causing ______ ______.

Answer 38

hemorrhagic pneumonia (organism enters when animal sniffs food)

Question 39

What are the clinical signs/diseases does P. aeruginosa induces in sheep?

Answer 39

* **Green wool or fleece** rot in sheep results from growth of the organism in fleece subjected to prolonged wetting favored by protein that leaks out of macerated skin. → dermatitis results and wool fiber separate → protein degrades resulting in odor that stimulates oviposition by flies (maggots feed on flesh of the animal) predisposing to development of strike.

Question 40

What are the immunization methods against P. aeruginosa?

Answer 40

* Protective abs may be opsonizing and directed against cell wall lipopolysaccharide which is strain specific, or the endotoxin-associated protein (OEP) which is not. * Vaccination of mink with **bacterins and toxoids** successful. * In horses, lesions in vaccinated animals are severe and heal more rapidly

Question 41

Multiple resistance against P. aeruginosa is mediated by ?

Answer 41

R factors

Question 42

What are the antibiotics used against P. aeruginosa?

Answer 42

→ Gentamicin → Tobramycin → Carbenicillin → Polymyxin B → Amikacin → Colistin → Silver sulfadiazine

Question 43

On bases of RNA homology, genus Pseudomonas was divided into how many groups?

Answer 43

5