PSY2001 S2 W4 Emotion Regulation Flashcards

Question

What are daily diary studies?

Answer 1

are similar to experience sampling methodologies (ESM) in that data is collected in a naturalistic setting – however, unlike ESM, data will only be collected at one time point (usually towards the end of the day).

Answer 2

identified 162 distinct strategies. Organised them based on features: whether they were implemented behaviourally or cognitively. Whether they involved engaging with, or disengaging from. However, many strategies involved a mixture of both countian and emotion. Some strategies can be implemented cognitively or behaviourally.

Answer 3

Reappraisal Distraction Suppression

Answer 4

Modifying how we appraise the situation we are in to alter its emotional significance, either by changing how we think about the situation or our capacity to manage the demands it poses

Answer 5

Focuses attention on different aspects of the situation or moves attention away from the situation altogether

Answer 6

When one tries to inhibit ongoing negative or positive emotion-expressive behaviour

Answer 7

Different strategies to regulate emotion sdepending on the point in the emotion generation process the regulation take place. Antecedent-focused and Response-focused

Answer 8

Strategies before the emotion response.

Answer 9

Strategies after the emotion response

Answer 10

Choose to enter or avoid situations depending on how they will make you feel. Used before the emotion generation process begins. For example, you know attending a particular event will make you feel anxious, so you choose not to go

Answer 11

Change aspects of the situation you are in Used during the “situation” stage of emotion generation For example, you have attended an event and begin to feel anxious, so you limit the amount of time that you spend there

Answer 12

Change what you are focusing on in a particular situation. Used during the “attention” stage of emotion generation. One strategy is “distraction” – for example, you may scroll through social media to take your mind of what is happening in a situation

Answer 13

Think about the situation differently. Used during the “appraisal” stage of emotion generation. One strategy is “reappraisal” – for example, you may try to find a “silver lining” in the situation that you are in.

Answer 14

Response-focused strategies alter the emotion when it is in full swing. These are used during the “response” stage of emotion generation. For example, you may try to take some deep breaths or try to suppress/hide your true emotional response

Answer 15

> Identification > Selection > implementation > Monitoring>

Answer 16

Of the need to regulate Involves identifying a discrepancy between how you do feel and how you want to feel E.G = you are frustrated bu want to feel calm

Answer 17

Of whether and how you want to regulate. What/Can i regulate my emotion? How will I do this? Decide whether you want and/or able to regulate your emotions? If so, how will you choose to do this?

Answer 18

Of the selected strategy. The selected strategy is put into action in an attempt to regulate emotions E.g = Putting in headphones and listening to music.

Answer 19

The success of regulation attempt. Has this been successful? Involves monitoring the progress and success of the regulation attempt, if successful it can be stopped, if unsuccessful it can be switched

Answer 20

Effectiveness of Strategies Systematic review of 306 studies that asked PTT to yse a strategy to regulate emotions and then examined the effectiveness. Stuied effects on three different types of outcome: experiential, behavioural and physiological

Answer 21

* Distraction helped people to feel better, but did not influence behavioural or physiological measures. * Concentration exacerbated the emotion (i.e., made them feel worse). * Reappraisal had a small-to-medium sized effects on emotional responses. * Suppression influenced behavioural measures but it did not influence how people actually felt and had a negative impact on physiological measures

Answer 22

Different emotion regulatory processes are differentially effective. Findings suggest that reappraisal is an effective strategy

Answer 23

Effects of different strategies are context specific. Global conclusions regarding one strategy being “better” than another are possibly misleading (Gross, 2014). Shift in research to consider ER to be an interaction between person, situation, and strategy (Dore et al., 2016) Suggests that for effective and successful regulation we need to take the context into account and to be able to flexibly switch between different strategies depending on the context (Troy et al., 2016)

Answer 24

Experience sampling study where PTT reported mood, their most intensely experienced emotion & whether it was regarding an exam-related or non-exam-related context. Results: Suppression improved mood in exam-related anxiety and distraction improved mood in only non-exam-related anxiety. Important to not classify strategies as effective vs. ineffective but also consider the context

Answer 25

Intensity of the emotion PTT choose between reappraisal and distraction to regulate emotions in response to images of low vs high intensity Results: Low intensity preferred reappraise. High intensity preferred distraction Aspects relating to the emotion being regulated influence choice of regulation strategy

Answer 26

Balancing processing the emotion and regulating the emotion Reappraisal is more effortful than distraction as you have to engage with the emotional stimuli. Low intensity = less resources required to process and more resource available. High intensity = more resources required to process and less resource available.

Answer 27

Flexibly choosing between different strategies is thought to be associated with psychological health and wellbeing. Rigid choice might be associated with various forms of psychopathology. By understanding what strategies healthy adults make in different situations, deviations can be identified to understand different forms of psychopathology.

Answer 28

Affective Factors Cogntive Factors Motivational Factors Individual Factors Social Cultrual Factors

Answer 29

Emotion Regulation Choice

Answer 30

Successful functioning in day-to-day life Psychological wellbeing and health Creating and maintaining social relationships Work performance

Answer 31

ER and Mental Health Meta-analyis examining relationships between 6 strategies strategies (acceptance, avoidance, problem solving, reappraisal, rumination and suppression) and symptoms of 4 psychopathologies (anxiety, depression, eating, substance-related disorders) Results: Maladaptive strategies (rumination, avoidance, suppression) were associated with more psychopathology Adaptive strategies (acceptance, reappraisal and problem solving) were associated with less psychopathology Rumination showed the largest effect size How people regulate their emotions may have an influence on their mental health

Answer 32

Interperonsal emotion regulation (IER) Humans are social beings and both the experience and regulation fo emotions often occur within social contexts.

Answer 33

the pursuit of an emotion regulation goal in the context of social interaction. Intrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation Extrinsic interperonsal emotion regulation

Answer 34

Individual initiates social contact to regulate their own emotions

Answer 35

A person attempts to regulate another person’s emotions

Answer 36

Response-dependent regulation depends on the feedback of another person Response-independent regulation does not require feedback of the other person

Answer 37

IER in dialy life. experience sampling gmethod to explore interpersonal emotion regulation in everyday social interaction. Regulate others’ emotions nearly twice a day (extrinsic). Regulate their own emotions through others around once a day (intrinsic). Regulate own and others’ emotions in the same interaction approximately every other day. Typically, people were trying to improve how the other person was feeling

Answer 38

Social sharing: When feelings about events are shared with others. Co-reappraisal: When someone else is sought out to offer a different perspective on an emotional event. People share negative emotional experiences roughly every other day (Liu et al., 2021). People distribute their emotion regulation needs across different relationships and have a range of “emotionships

Answer 39

Goal directed, Deliberate process, targets an affective state, belongs to someone else than the person doing the regulating

Answer 40

Strategies for Extrinsic IER Questionnaires, diary stuidies and card sorting task Key distinctions: improve vs worsen affect, engagement vs relationship-oriented strategies

Answer 41

Extrinsic IER in daily life experience sampling to look at extrinsic IER strategies people use and how they relate to personal characteristics 5 strategies: humour, distraction, cognitive reframing, receptive listening and valuing Measured: empathy, emotional intelligence, self-esteem, personality Results: People do frequently report regulating other's emotions, of people we are close to. Receptive listening and valuing were used most frequently. Personality traits, empathy and gender influenced strategies used.

Answer 42

Hedonic reasons. People will also make other people feel worse to achive certain goals. Instrumental motives: people may regulate others feelings for their own benefit. Benefits the regulator Prosocial Motives: people may try deregulate other's emotion to help them achive their goals. benefits the targets

Answer 43

Intrsumental and prosocial motives Created situations in which it would be useful for PTT to be either happy (collaborative game) or angry (aggressive game). PTT were asked to select stimli for a friend facing these situation. 1/2 PTT were in a situation wehre they would beneft themselves (instrumental), 1/2 where the other PTT would benefit (prosocial) Results: When enhancing friends' performance would benefit their friend (prosocial) or themselves (instrumental), participants selected performance-conducive emotion-inducive stimuli. People will induce emotions that they think will be useful to achieve a goal, even if this means making someone feel more negative

Answer 44

Interpersonal motives in dialy life 2 week daily-dairy study to examine why people regulate other's emotion in social interactions. Most commonly used to make other feel better but people did often have self-focused motives too: wanting to feel helpful or good about themself, to avoid feelin uncomfortable. People also regulate others to help them achieve a goal or to achieve their own goals

Answer 45

Development of closer friends. Increased feelings of intimacy between romantic partners, increased feelings of social connection and more supportive relationship. More diverse emotionships associated with higher wellbeing.

Answer 46

Effectiveness of intrapersonal vs interpersonal emotion regulation Randomy assigned PTT in a couple as the target or the regulator. Target viewed pictures and was instructed to eihter: choose and apply a strategy to regulate their own emotion (intraperonal) or apply a strategy chosen by their partner (extrinsic interpersonal) Results: Extrinsic IER was more effective at reducing distress than intrapersonal. Highlights the adv of an outside perspective in reducing stress and improving emotion regulation.

Answer 47

refers to how people shape their own and other people’s emotions

Answer 48

prohedonic motives and instrumental motives

Answer 49

affective, cognitive, motivational, indidividual and socio-cultural

Answer 50

* Emotion regulation isn’t confined to intrapersonal processes, people often engage in emotion regulation in social contexts either to regulate their own emotions (intrinsic IER) or to help others to regulate their emotions (extrinsic IER)

PSY2001 S2 W4 Emotion Regulation Flashcards

(75 cards)