PSY2001 SEMESTER 2 > PSY2001 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 4 > Flashcards

PSY2001 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

define emotions

A

short-lived complex reaction pattern, involving experiential, behavioural, physiological elements, by which an individual attempts to deal with personally significant matter/event

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2
Q

name 3 components for emotions

A

experiential, behavioural, physiological

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3
Q

whats experiential component in emotions

A

affective component, how someone feeling

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4
Q

whats behavioural component in emotions

A

facial expressions, body language, fight/flight

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5
Q

whats physiological component in emotions

A

system responses, such as automatic, neuroendocrine that attempts to support behaviours like running

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6
Q

outline 4 phases of modal model of emotion

A

situation, attention, appraisal, response

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7
Q

summarise situation phase of modal model of emotion

A

situation can be real/imagined

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8
Q

summarise attention phase of modal model of emotion

A

are direct toward emotional situation

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9
Q

summarise sappraisal phase of modal model of emotion

A

evaluated/interpreted, either conscious/unconsciously in terms of what mean in relation to individ goal

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10
Q

summarise response phase of modal model of emotion

A

create emot response which leads to changes in experiential, behavioural, physiological response systems

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11
Q

Trampe (2015) studied emotions in our daily life, and how common/often do we experience diff emotion

A

experience least 1 emot 90% of time, pos emot 2.5x more than neg
frequently mixed emot, of joy/love and anxiety

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12
Q

define experience sampling

A

ppts prompted at diff point during day to report on their current thoughts, feelings, behaviours- capture experience in natural contexts

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13
Q

name 4 function of emotion

A

prepare body for action
influences thought process
motivate future behaviours
influence interpersonal rels

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14
Q

define emotion regulation

A

processes aimed at influencing which emotions someone has, when they have them, and how they experience and express them

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15
Q

what does emotion regulations invovles

A

monitoring, evaluating, modifying diff aspect of emotion such as initiation, duration, magnitude + freq

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16
Q

give a example when down-regulating negative emotion

A

trying to calm down when angry

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17
Q

give a example when down-regulating positive emotion

A

trying not to smile at a funeral

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18
Q

give a example when up-regulating negative emotion

A

psyche yourself up for performance

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19
Q

give a example when up-regulating positive emotion

A

sharing good news with friends

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20
Q

is maintaining our current emotional states a motivated process and effortful?

A

may want to maintain current emotional state, which is motivated process (aimed to achieve goals), can be effortful and occur explicitly or can be automatic, implicit

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21
Q

summarise taxonomy of motives - why we want emotional regulation

A

2 motives for emotion regulations-
hedonic and instrumental
hedonic split into prohedonic, contrahedonic
instrumental split into performance, epistemic, social, eudaimonic

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22
Q

define hedonic motives

A

motivation to maximise pleasure and minimise pain

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23
Q

name/explain 2 types of hedonic motives in taxonomy of motives (emotion regulations)

A

pro-hedonic - to feel pleasure
contra-hedonic - to feel pain

may want to feel pos emotion, avoid unpleas, help down-regulate neg emot, up-regulate pos

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24
Q

name 4 types of instrumental motives in taxonomy of motives (emotion regulations)

A

performance, epistemic, social, eudiamonic

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25
define instrumental motives
motivation to attain benefits beyond pleasure and pain (exp emot thats helpful, avoid unhelpfuls, up-reg neg emot, down-reg pos emots)
26
explain performance type of instrumental motives in taxonomy of motives (emotion regulations)
what we want to do ie, experience helpful emotion
27
explain epistemic type of instrumental motives in taxonomy of motives (emotion regulations)
regulate emotion to gain some knowledge
28
explain social type of instrumental motives in taxonomy of motives (emotion regulations)
regulate emotions to achieve social-related outcome, ie seeks help by express sad emotions
29
explain eudaimoic type of instrumental motives in taxonomy of motives (emotion regulations)
regulate emotions to get meaning from it, including competency+autonomy
30
give evidence for hedonic motives- taxonomy of motives
more frequent report attempt increase pos emot, decrease neg emot when asked to list what wants to feel+why, ppt list prohedonics (increase pos+decrease neg) on 50% case
31
give evidence for instrumental motives - performance (Tamir, 2008)
read confrontational or non game scenario, rate preference for diff activity type before play game (anger inducing/neutral/exciting) ppts pref anger-induc activity when anticip play confrontational suggest don't alway want feel good but sometimes want feeling bad to help achieving goal
32
give real-life support for instrumental motives (Lane, 2011)
exam runner beliefs on emotion assoc with ideal perf and regulatory strategy used = greater use strategies increase unpleas emot assoc with belief that increasing anger/anxiety help
33
how common are instrumental motives (daily life support)
Kalokerinos (2017) = daily diary study report most neg event of day, their instrumental motives in that event perf motive in 1/3 event, other instrumental motive in 1/10 motives vary dep on contexts
34
how many emotional regulation strategies is there, organised how
162 (Parkinson & Totterdell, 1999) organised via whether implemented behaviourally (doing something) or cognitively (think about something) whether involved with (reappraisal), disengaging from (distraction) emotional situ many are mix of cog/emot
35
name 3 common emotional reg strategy
reappraisal, distraction, suppression
36
outline reappraisal (common emot reg strategy)
modifying how we appraise situation to alter emotional significance by changing how we think about situ, capacity to manage demands it poses
37
outline distraction (common emot reg strategy)
focuses attention on diff aspect of situation, or move attention away from situ
38
outline suppression (common emot reg strategy)
try inhibit ongoing negative or positive emotion-expressive behaviour
39
summarise process model of emotion regulation
can use different strategies to regulate emotions depending on point in emot generation process reg take place
40
in process model of emotion regulation, what type of strategies used if before emotion response
antecendent-focused strategies
41
in process model of emotion regulation, what type of strategies used if after emotion response
response-focused strategies
42
name the 5 stages of process model of emotion regulation
situation selection, situation modification, attentional deployment, cognitive change, response modulation
43
summarise situation selection stage of process model of emotion regulation (including what strategy is)
choose to enter/or avoid situ dep on how wills make u feel use before emot gen process begin strategy is avoidance
44
summarise situation modification stage of process model of emotion regulation (including what strategy is)
change aspects of situ you are in during situ stage of emot gen strategy is direct request
45
summarise attentional deployment stage of process model of emotion regulation (including what strategy is)
change what you are focusing on in particular situ use during attent stage of emot gen strategy is distraction, rumination
46
summarise cognitive change stage of process model of emotion regulation (including what strategy is)
think about situation differently use during apprais stage of emot gen strategy is reappraisal, to find "silver lining"
47
summarise response modulation stage of process model of emotion regulation (including what strategy is)
response-focused strategies alter emotion when it is in full swing during respon stage of emot gen strategy is expressive suppression, physiological intervention (deep breath, hiding true emot resp)
48
emotion regulation is a multi-stage process. name 4 stages in the cycle
- identification of need reg = identif discrepancy between how feel and how wants to feel - selection how reg - decide whether want/able and how to regulate - implementation of selected strategy - monitoring success of regulation - if successful can be stopped - unsuccessful, then switched
49
Webb (2012) carried out review into emot reg strategy effecitivity. outcome measures were experiential, behavioural physiological, outline findings
distraction best help feels better but dont influence beh/physiol concentration exacerbated emot= feels worse reappraisal small-medium effect on emot resp suppression infl beh measures but didnt infl how actual feel, neg impact on phys summary, reappraisal best
50
summarise role of context in emotion regulation
how effective strategy is depend on contexts global conclusion on which strategy best are misleading, shift research to consider emot reg as interac between person, situation, strategy for effective and successful regulation need take into account the context, and able flexibly switch between diff strateg dep on contexts
51
name 2 context/individual factor determining emot reg frequencies
social relationship partners personality factors
52
what strategy most likely if stimulus high intensity/low
when stimuli is high intensity then distraction/suppression more likely but if stimuli low intensity is reappraisal
53
if culture values self reflection, insight what strategy more common
if culture value self-reflection and insight, uses reappraisals more than the average, but if from culture that value open expression of emotion then use suppressions lower
54
Rotweiller (2018) used experience sampling study into reporting mood, intense experienc emotion and if related to exam/context. summarise results
found suppression improve their mood for exam-rel anx distraction improve mood in only non-exam rel anx suggest important to not classify strategies as effective vs ineffective but also consider context
55
when low intensity images (Sheppes, 2011) how many resources available for processing + regulations
less resource needed for processing so more resource available during regulation (reappraise)
56
when high intensity images (Sheppes, 2011) how many resources available for processing + regulations
more resource needed in processing, so less resource available in regulations (distract)
57
why is emotion regulations choice research important?
choose btw/ diff strategies is assoc with psychological WB+health rigid choice assoc with psychopathology if understand what strategy health adult should make in diff situ, deviation can be identified in psychopathol
58
name 5 types of factors impacting emot reg choices
affective, cognitive, motivational, individual, sociocultural
59
what may a affective factor impacting emot reg choices
intensity of emotion
60
what may a cognitive factor impacting emot reg choices
cognitive effort
61
what may a motivational factor impacting emot reg choices
goals
62
what may a individual factor impacting emot reg choices
demographics
63
what may a socialcultural factor impacting emot reg choices
culture
64
whats successful emotion regulations associated with
successful functioning in dtd lifes psychological wellbeing and health creating, maintaining social rel work performance
65
summarise findings in Aldao (2010 meta-analysis on relationship btw/ 6 strategies (acceptance, avoidance, problem solving, reappraisal, rumination + suppression) and symptoms of 4 psychopathologies (anx, depr, eating, substance)
- maladaptive strategies associated with more psychopathology - rumination, avoidance, suppression - adaptive strategies associated with less psychopathology - acceptance, reappraisal, problem solving - rumination showed largest effect suggest how people regulate emotion may have influence on their mental health
66
what 3 maladaptive strategy are assoc with more psychopathologies
rumination, avoidance, suppression
67
what 3 adaptive strategy assoc with less psychopathology
acceptance, reappraisal, problem solving
68
define interpersonal emotion regulation
pursuit of emotion regulation goal in context of social interaction
69
outline intrinsic interpersonal emotions regulation
individual initiates social contact to regulate their own emotions
70
outline extrinsic interpersonal emotions regulation
person attempts to regulate another persons emotions
71
what does response-dependent emot reg depends on
feedback of others
72
what does response-independent emot reg depends on
not require feedback of other person
73
what are response-dependent and response-independent "orthogonal" to?
response-dependent and response-independent processes are orthogonal to extrinsic, intrinsic regulation = create 2x2 matrix
74
what do interpersonal processes critically scaffold longterm
emot reg throughout lives correg - infant-parent interaction, shapes attachment
75
when is interpersonal motives most commonly used (Tran, 2025) - evidence
used to make others feel better in 55% but also for self-focused motive - want feels helpful/good and avoid feeling uncomfortable regulate other to help achieve goal 19% achieve own goal 17%
76
name 4 pos outcome of interpersonal emot reg
dev closer friendship increase feeling intimacy increase feeling social connec, more supportive rel more diverse emotionship assoc w/ wellbe
77
outline method of Levy-Gigi & Shamay-Tsoory (2017) in comparison for effectiveness of intrapersonal/interpersonal emot reg
assigned person in couples as target/regulator target view pic, and choose/apply strategy to reg own emot (intrapersonal), OR apply strat chosen by partner (extrinsic interpersonal)
78
outline findings in Levy-Gigi & Shamay-Tsoory (2017) in comparison for effectiveness of intrapersonal/interpersonal emot reg
extrinsic interpers emot reg more effective at reducing distress than intrapersonal highlight advantage of outside perspective in reducing stress and improving emotion regulation
79
outline role of our PFC for emot reg (reappraisal)
involved, so suggest reappraisal less successful if under condition that impair PFC-dep cog
80
name PFC dependent cognitions
sleep deprivation, poor quality sleep, stress, developmental variation in PFC integrity and functioning
81
what neurobio system involved in reappraisal?
systems supporting cognitive control, linguistic elaborations
82
what neurobio system involved in distraction?
more external attentional control systems
83
what neurobio system involved in suppression?
more inhibitory system
84
what does engaging reappraisal PFC/pareital/conitive control or linguistic elaboration system lead to
diminished/enhanced emotional responding
85
what mechanisms impacting selec reappraisal
decision-making processes are balanced with anticipated success, estimated cognitive costs, desire to engage
86
name interventions to improve emot regulation - explain psychosocial
target neurobio/psycholog and include educating parent, instruction on emotio intelligence, reappraising on maladaptive beh
87
name interventions to improve emot regulation - explain neurobio
antidep = increases reappraisal frequency
88
name interventions to improve emot regulation - explain noninvasive method
stimulating neural reg engage during reappraisal increase reappraisal success

PSY2001 SEMESTER 2 (9 decks)

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