PSY2001 SEMESTER 2 > PSY2001 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 7 > Flashcards

PSY2001 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

define health

A

a state of complete physical, mental, social wellbeing and not merely absence of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

give issues of health definitions

A
  • people who has chronic health conditions can still manage good QoL due to advancement medicine, health is not binary state (but spectrums)
  • WHO definitions out of date = ageing population, and ability manage chronic health condition
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3
Q

what should health definitions shift on

A

emphasis of health toward ability to adapt/self-manage in face of social, physical, emotional challenge

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4
Q

what was most common cause of death during 1900s

A

flu, TB, diarrhoea, accident, cancer, diptheria, heart disease

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5
Q

what is most common cause of death - 2006

A

cardiovascular 35%/34%
cancer 29%/26%
respiratory 13%/14%
accident 5%/3%

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6
Q

how much of premature death can be accounted by behavioural factor

A

smoking, diet, alcohol, exercise accounts 50% prem death

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7
Q

what is modern concept of health behaviour date back to

A

Doll & Hill, 1964 - smoking major precursor of premature mortality, with adverts promoting doctor smoke cigarrette

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8
Q

define health behaviour

A

any activity undertaken for purpose of preventing or detecting disease or for improving health/wellbeing

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9
Q

define positive protective health behaviour

A

activities that may help to prevent disease, detect, in a early stage, promote and enhance health or protect from risk of injury

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10
Q

define negative risky health behaviour

A

activities undertaken by people with a frequency of intensity that increases risk of disease or injury

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11
Q

from Belloc Alameda county baseline questionna (1965), what 7 baseline negative health beh predict mortality?

A
  • lack of exercise
  • snacking between meals
  • smoking
  • sleep (more than 8hrs, less than 7)
  • skipping breakfast
  • regularly drinking more than 5 units of alcohol
  • over/underweight
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12
Q

from Belloc Alameda county baseline questionna (1965), what 7 features of healthy life?

A
  • non-smoking
  • moderate alcohol intake
  • 7-8 hours per night sleep
  • exercise regularly
  • maintain a health body weight
  • avoid high-calorie snacks
  • eat breakfast regularly
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13
Q

what did Belloc, 1973 conclude regarding health behaviours and age-relationship

A

relationship so strong proposed people aged over 75 years who carried out all 7 behaviours had healths comparable to those age 35-44, who did less than 3

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14
Q

Khaw (2008): analysed data from EPIC Norfolk longitudinal study, 20,000ppt, what did this include+finding

A
  • baseline no known cardiovasc dis, cancer
  • followed up 14yr
  • survival assoc with 4 health behaviour=
    • not smoking
    • being physically active
    • drinking moderately eating 5 or more servings of fruit and veg a day
    fewer of these behaviours performed, greater risk of death
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15
Q

how are health behaviours typically measure

A

using categorical (do you smoke?)/contin (how many cigarett a day) measures of self-report
observational measure- CCTV
proxy measure

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16
Q

name types of proxy measure of health behaviour

A

step counters, pill counter+blood test

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17
Q

what are issues of proxy measure?

A

blood test depend on metabolic rate, step counters errors in measurement and can be falsified, pill counters rely on pill being taken out of bottle

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18
Q

in biopsychosocial approach state biology determinants of behaviour

A

gender, physical illness, disability, genetic vuln, immunity, neurochem, stress reaction, meds effect

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19
Q

in biopsychosocial approach state psychology determinants of behaviour

A

learning/mem
attitudes/belief
personality
beh
emot
coping skill
past trauma

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20
Q

in biopsychosocial approach state social context determinants of behaviour

A

social supports
family background
cultural traditions
SES
educ

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21
Q

biopsychosocial approach biology factor - outline twin studies ev of what heritable components can be related to

A

heritable component to smoking initiation, nicotine addiction as well as body weight and obesity

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22
Q

outline biopsychosocial approach biology factor - reinforcement

A

health beh cause dop release, reinforce beh
ability to carryout many health behaviours is affected by personal health (disabilities may impact ability to carry out physical activity)

  • symptoms can act as cues to change or stop behaviour
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23
Q

outline biopsychosocial approach psychological factor - what 3 emotions can contribute to health behaviour

A

stress, fear, disgust

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24
Q

outline biopsychosocial approach psychological factor - explain how stress may impact health behaviours

A

smoking, drinking, overeating, exercise

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25
outline biopsychosocial approach psychological factor - explain how fear may impact health behaviours
avoidance of healthcare (dental, delay in response to symptoms, screening)
26
outline biopsychosocial approach psychological factor - explain how disgust may impact health behaviours
fear avoidance= tests, cervic screening
27
outline biopsychosocial approach psychological factor - name 3 cognitions impacts health behaviour
attitudes/beliefs social cognition models interventions based on ToPB to improve health beh
28
outline biopsychosocial approach social factor what 3 social factor impact health behaviour
peer group influences, family habit, social network
29
outline biopsychosocial approach social factor - state example of them
- early socialisation/observational learning= brush teeth - culturally valued or discouraged behaviour eg; alcohol - adolescent peer press = origin of many risk behaviours SES: financial barriers to health behaviours, lack of available resource, lower education legislative laws: seat belt use, drink driving
30
how may health behaviour develop, across time?
its fluid, can change as medical knowled dev in diff populations, with strength of evidence being varying
31
what type of evidence is strongest in health behaviour
- case control, prospective, experimental, cross-sectional (but association doesn’t cause causations) - but consistent result, with diff sample and study design and clear biological mechanisms = stronger evidence
32
name 4 important health behaviour in our modern world
diet, physical activity, smoking, sexual behaviour, alcohol
33
in 2018, how many adults eat fruit/veg p day
28% adults eat 5+ fruit/veg /day
34
how many adolescent/adults don't WHO recommended physical activity limit
80% adolescent, 27% adult
35
outline smoking rates in UK
rates decline however 8million in UK, highest rates 25-34 yr old
36
how many indiv use condoms
47% sexually active doesn’t use condoms, when sleeps with someone for first time
37
outline prevalence for binge drinking
25-28% adult drinker binge, 16-24 less likely to drink but is more likely binge drink
38
what 3 factors build COM-B model
behaviour predicted by 3 =capability, motivation and opportunity
39
in COM-B model, outline capability
ability to enact beh, made up of phys+psychological capab
40
define physical capability?
skill/strength to perform behaviour (riding bikes)
41
define psychological capability?
capacity to engage in necessary thoughts processes (knowledge, reasoning) eg, know about covid, and how to avoid it
42
in COM-B model, outline opportunity
environment that enables behaviour- made up phys, soc
43
define physical opportunity
opportunity afforded by environment, eg; close proximity to gym
44
define social opportunity
opportunity afforded by social/cultural norms eg; people around you engaging in behaviour, reminders to do something, having support from people around you
45
in COM-B model, outline motivation
mechanisms that activate or inhibit behaviour, made up of reflective and automatic motivation
46
define reflective motivation
evaluations (beliefs about what is good or bad), plans (intentions) eg, plan to wake up early so go to the gym
47
define automatic motivation
emotional reactions, desires (wants and needs), impulses, inhibitions, habits and anticipated pleasure at prospect of eating piece of cake
48
name 3 types of methods to collect COM-b data
questionnaires interviews observation
49
when using questionnaires to collect data via COM-B, what does it ask
specific questions about their capability/opportunity/motivation reach larger groups people
50
when using interview/focus page to collect data via COM-B, what does it ask
in-depth qualitative data, ask open ended questions about capability/opportunity/motivation, barriers/facilitators of engaging in desired behaviours smaller samples
51
when using observation to collect data via COM-B, what does it ask
self-report data from questionna/interview is far away from truth so observation useful to se ewhat act happen
52
what did Gibsen-Miller (2020) study using COM-B during Covid
explore influence of COM-b component with hygiene longit study ppt report motivation, capab, opport of handwashing, cleaning, tissues, avoiding touch face
53
what did Gibsen-Miller (2020) result of using COM-B to decrease covid infection behaviour
psychological capability, social opportunity, reflective motiv = biggest drivers, pos infl beh automat motiv/phys opport neg infl beh
54
what did Gibsen-Miller (2020) state about intervention focuses, using com-b
focus on promoting, maintaini reflective mot to act (plan, goal set) soc opportunity/support psycholoc capability (knowledge on transmission)
55
outline Willmott (2021) study using COM-B and physical activity
cross-sec, validated measure online sample with COM-B model explai 31% variance in phys activ capab/opport assoc with beh through mediating effects of motiv increased capability, opportunity = increase motiv
56
name 3 types of behaviour change?
initiate new behaviour stopping existing behaviour how behaviour performed- intens, frequ, durat
57
name 3 stages for designing a behaviour change intervention
understand beh, using Com-b identify interv option- using intervention functions and policy categories identify content and implementation options
58
what is behaviour change wheel?
condensation of 19 frameworks to help with behaviour change intervention thats comprehensive/coherent
59
define behavioural diagnosis (BCW)
aspects of COM-B that need addressing- intervention functions to change behaviour
60
name 9 intervention function in BCW
education persuasion incentivisation coercion training modelling environmental restructuring restrictions enablement
61
outline restrictions as intervention function in BCW
using rules to reduce opportunity to engage in target behaviour
62
outline enablement as intervention function in BCW
giving people means to engage in behaviour or reduce barrier
63
name 7 policy category within BCW
environmental/social planning communication, marketing legislation service provision regulation fiscal measures guidelines
64
outline environmental/social planning policy category of BCW
designing/controlling physical or social env
65
outline communication and marketing, policy category of BCW
using print, electronic media, broadcasting
66
outline legislation policy category of BCW
making or changing law
67
outline service provision policy category of BCW
delivering
68
outline regulation policy category of BCW
establishing rules or principles of behaviour or practice
69
outline fiscal measure policy category of BCW
use tax syst= reduce/increase cost
70
outline guidelines planning policy category of BCW
creating documents that recommend or mandate certain practice
71
name 3 components in interventions
observable, replicable, irreducible components of an intervention create a taxonomy of behaviours change technique to helps specify interv and active ingred in more details
72
apply BCW to dev intervention on reducing work sitting times (Munir, 2018) using COM-B model
focus group discussion, use COM-B, BCW, BCT to dev interv identify barrier, address, ie physical opportunity (height adjust desk), social (norms), psychological capb (limited knowl regarding health risk), reflective motivation (belief on pos cons), automatic motivation (need simple reinforcm to change belief)
73
apply BCW + COM-B to Martin-Payo (2021), interv on diet, exercise for type-2 diabetes
assess efficacy of educat interv 6 month, interv function based on educ, persuas, incentivis, enablem, targets psycho/phys capab, automatic/reflex motiv found signif improv diet, exercise, reduced HbA1c levels
74
outline stages for behavioural intervention structuring!
1. define prob in behavr terms 2. select target beh 3. spec target behs 4. idenitfy what need change 5. identify interv function 6. identify policy categ 7. identify beh chng techn 8. identify mode of deliv

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