PSYC Chapter 9 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What Are The Four Mindsets and The Associated Motivational Systems?
Mindset 1: Deliberative- Implemental
Mindset 2: Promotion- Prevention
Mindset 3: Growth- Fixed
Mindset 4: Consistency - Dissonance
What Is Mindset Number One and It’s Motivations?
Deliberative- Implemental: The energization and initial direction of behaviour, as well as volition, the post-decisional behaviour that sustains ongoing activity. Involves pre-decisional and post- decisional processes.
What Is Mindset Number Two and It’s Motivations?
Prevention (security based, not losing what one has, do the right thing, cautionary, safety based) motivated by failure and promotion (ideal state, goal striving, eager improvement based, just do it, locomotion, gain based) motivated by success used to stave towards goals. Success vs failure. Regulatory fit, whether our strategy matches up with our goal guide.
What Is Mindset Number Three and It’s Motivations?
Growth- Fixed: How our beliefs about ourselves fuel our behaviour and predict our success. Whether we believe our abilities and qualities are fixed or changeable. Negative feedback with provoke different emotions based on if someone has a growth or fixed mindset. Fixed look for easier goals that make them look smart, growth choose difficult goals to learn. Also has to do with mastery and performance goals. Mastery: Individual seeks to develop greater competence, making progress. Performance: Individual seeks to demonstrate or prove competence, doing better than others. Classical Theory: Success rate >failure rate. Modern Theory: Approach success, avoid failure, performance approach/avoidance goals. Performance avoidance goals causes ill-being.
What Is Mindset Number Four and Its Motivations?
Consistency Dissonance: Whether we are cognitive consonance (self-view and behaviour is consistent, information and actions that confirm one is competent, moral and reasonable) or cognitive dissonance (psychologically uncomfortable, self view is inconsistent with our behaviour, information and behavioural actions suggest one is not competent, moral and reasonable). Dissonance provides motivational properties where the individual seeks ways to eliminate or reduce the uncomfortable dissonance. Cognitive Dissonance Theory - Change beliefs to reduce negative emotional state, applies mostly when beliefs are initially clear, salient and strong. Self-Perception Theory - Change beliefs through self-observation, applies mostly when beliefs are initially vague, ambiguous and weak.
What Is The Key Distinction Between A Deliberative Mindset and An Implemental Mindset?
Deliberative: Deciding/thinking, used to choose a goal
Implemental: Execution, used to strive towards a goal
How Is The Scope of Our Intention Different When We Are Setting A Goal vs Implementing A Plan
When we are setting a goal our intentions are wide and broad. Whereas, when we are implementing a plan our intentions are narrow.
What Is The Regulatory Focus Theory?
Strive to achieve goals by using 2 separate & independent motivational orientations or mindsets. The two mindsets are promotion and prevention. Specific mindset could be adopted due to one’s disposition, personality, experiences or socialization.
What Are Growth Mindset Individuals Also Referred To As, by Carol Dweck?
Incremental theorists bc. they believe personal qualities can be developed incrementally over time. Effort is a tool, effort is increased with a difficult task.
What Are Fixed Mindset Individuals Also Referred To As, By Carol Deweck?
Entity theorists bc. they believe there is a physical entity that lives inside of them to determine how much of the quality we have. High effort means low ability, set themselves up for failure, make excuses.
How Do Different Growth and Fixed Mindsets Lead To Different Types of Goals?
Growth individuals pursue mastery goals, that learn, develop competence and improve skills, choose high effort/difficult goals, like negative feedback. Fixed individuals pursue performance goals, that prove/demonstrate/display competence and outperform others, they choose fun and easy goals, and negative feedback reduces or diminishes effort.
Why Does Adopting A Mastery Goal Rather Than A Performance Goal, Lead To A Different Motivational Approach?
Those will choose a mastery goal if they want to challenge themselves. It comes from intrinsic motivation. It can lead to mastery of performance goals.
How Is The Definition of Success Related To Mastery of Performance Goals?
As mastery goals it can lead towards succeeding in performance goals. It leads to self-improvement.
What Is The Integrative Model on Achievement?
Classical vs contemporary theory approach
What Is Classic Achievement Theory By Atkinson, 1957?
When our tendency to approach success is greater than our tendency to avoid failure. We approach opportunity to test our personal competence against a standard of excellence (strong achievement striving).
What Is Modern Achievement Theory By Elliot, 1997?
Approach success and avoid failure based on different types of achievement and performance goals. Performance approach (trying to outperform others or attain success) and performance avoidance goals (try to avoid performing more poorly than others do or avoid failure).
What Is The Difference Between Avoidance Motivation and Ill-Being?
Avoidance motivation is what causes ill-being. When we avoid doing something, don’t perform as well, lose interest and are less satisfied.
What Is The Preeminence of Cognitive Dissonance Theory?
Humans strive for consistency, we feel dissonance when our attitudes do not match up with our behaviours.
What Situations Arouse Dissonance? How Do We Reduce The Dissonance Created?
Choice: Making a difficult choice and viewing our choice as better than the other option.
Insufficient Justification: Reassuring ourselves that we are good if we do something bad.
Effort Justification: Justifying our actions by approving or liking the behaviour
Acquiring New Information: When engaging in behaviour that is inconsistent with our beliefs we look for new information that outweighs the dissonant beliefs.
What Type of Individual Tends To Adopt Mastery Goals?
Someone with high competence beliefs
What Does Dissonance Motivate One To Do?
- Remove the dissonant (conflicting) belief
- Reduce the importance of the dissonant belief
- Add a new consonant (consistent) belief
- Increase the importance of the consonant belief
What process determines whether we change our beliefs?
The strength of our beliefs attitudes and qualities. If they are vague, weak and ambiguous they are likely to change. They are likely to stay consistent if they are strong, clear and salient.
What Is Self-Perception Theory?
Change our beliefs because we come to believe what we say or do. No psychological discomfort is necessary to change our beliefs. Change beliefs on account of the “observation” of our behaviours. Works for vague and weak beliefs.
Deliberative Mindset, Phase One?
Phase 1, Goal Setting: Deliberative: Goal deliberation and formulation of what to do (weighing pros vs cons of one goal over another, open minded, broad)
