PYSC Chapter 8 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What Is The Role of Discrepancy?
Discrepancy created the sense of wanting to change the present state so that it will move closer and closer toward the ideal state
What Is The Role of Congruence?
Goal congruence is how fully endorsed, authentic and whole-heartedly accepted, embraced and owned by the self.
What Does TOTE Stand For?
Test, Operate, Test, Exit.
What Is The Four Part Process of The TOTE Model?
- A mismatch between present and ideal state (i.e. test) motivates us to “operate” on the environment.
- After a period of action, the person again “tests” the present vs ideal state
- If the feedback continues to reveal “incongruity”, then we “persist” (i.e. “operate” on the environment)
- If and when the present matches the ideal, then the person “exits” the action plan
What Is The Purpose of The TOTE Model By George Miller?
Created by George Miller. It is a four part process that suggest that plans can direct our behaviour towards the pursuit of the “ideal” state. It is a cognitive mechanism used to energize and direct behaviour.
What Is Corrective Motivation?
Making changes to both plans and behaviour in order to reach our goal
What Is The Role of Corrective Motivation In Achieving An Ideal State and Revising Our Action Plan?
Corrective motivation places us as “agents of change” (i.e. active decision-makers), that… 1. Act to operate on the environment to achieve an ideal state and 2. Change and revise an ineffective plan
We reduce the “present vs ideal incongruity” by either: Changing the plan, changing the behaviour (e.g. increasing effort) and/or, withdrawing from the plan altogether
What Are The Two Distinct Motivations?
Discrepancy reduction (plan based) and discrepancy creation (goal-setting)
What Is A Goal In Common Everyday Language?
- Whatever an individual is striving to accomplish
- Desired end-state that guides behaviour
- A future-focused cognitive representation of a desired end-state that guides behaviour
Ex. Aiming for a high grade
Understand The Mechanisms (striving) In Goal Setting, Timing and Execution
When goal setting, you must choose a pre-action period of when, where and how that goal will be implemented. Once intentions are implemented you have to direct ones attention towards goal-directed action while excluding distraction to execute the plan.
What Conditions Are Required Of A Goal To Improve Congruence?
The goal should present a degree of difficulty, it should be specific and it should be self important
The Importance of Timely Feedback?
Feedback should be given in a timely matter in order to correct behaviour, while behaviour is still prominent in the individual’s mind. Ex. Puppy pees in the house, you have to correct him immediately so he knows what he did wrong.
What Is Goal Setting Theory?
How ones goals can be accomplished based on goal difficulty, goal specificity, self concordance, timing and feedback.
What Is The Relationship Between Task Difficulty and Performance In Goal Setting Theory?
The more difficult the goal, the more it energizes the person
What Goal Striving Process Increases As A Function of Task Difficulty?
Effort and/or persistence
Ex. When a goal is too easy, our effort levels drop
Why Is Goal Concordance Important To Goal Progress?
It taps into our interests, our values and it is meaningful to us
What Is The Essential Motivational Problem With Long Term Goals?
Insufficient opportunity for performance feedback. Struggle with feedback, commitment and strivings.
In Goal Striving Process, What Is The Implementation Intention?
How you get to your goals, situational cues, and behavioural responses. Implementation intentions helps us manage temptations, distractions and interruptions. They narrow our intentions, keep our eye on the prize.
