Psych Flashcards
(228 cards)
1
Q
Alar Plate
A
Differentiates to Sensory neurons
2
Q
Basal Plate
A
Differentiates to motor neurons
3
Q
Order of brain development
A
Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain
4
Q
Moro Reflex
A
Spreading and unspreading arms when falling
5
Q
Family studies
A
Cannot distinguish between genetics (use twin studies) - Use them to distinguish between families + population
6
Q
Sympathetic Nervous Response
A
Fight or Flight:
- Increase Heart Rate
- Dilate Bronchial tubes
- Muscles contract
- Pupils dilate
- Decrease stomach movement/secretions
- Release adrenaline
- Increase glycogen to glucose conversion
- Contract bladder
7
Q
Parasympathetic response
A
Constrict Pupils Increase stomach movement Increase saliva Increase urine output Decrease heart rate constrict bronchial tubes
8
Q
Retrograde Memory
A
Memories before the event
9
Q
Anterograde Memory
A
Memories after the event
10
Q
Ambient Stressor
A
Chronic environmental stressors that cannot be changed (or are perceived as such)
Ex - Economy, climate change
11
Q
Acute Stressor
A
Present over short period of time
12
Q
Microstressor
A
Small hassles - coworkers, traffic
13
Q
Crisis
A
Sudden, rare occurence - natural disaster, war
14
Q
Self-esteem, Self-image, Self-perception
A
Esteem - judgment of one’s own value or self worth - can be affected by others
Image - internalizing all judgments others have
Perception - Person develops their OWN attitude towards their OWN actions
SELF-PERCEPTION Not dictated by others
15
Q
Reward Pathway AKA
A
Mesolimbic pathway + Nucleus Accumbens —
Dopamine
16
Q
Nigrostriatal bundle
A
Associated with Parkinson’s Disease
17
Q
If a two-year-old says, “Water go,” to which the parent responds, “Yes, the water goes down the drain.” The parent is using which strategy?
A
Expansion
Expansion is restating in a linguistically sophisticated form what a child has said
18
Q
Libido
A
Energy created by survival and sexual instincts
Libido is part of the id and is the driving force of all behavior
19
Q
McConnell’s Brainwashing in 3 steps:
A
Isolation, dependency, reward.
A form of operant conditioning, shaping.
20
Q
Jump of eye from one point to another called:
A
Saccade,
Not spasm
21
Q
Limen aka
A
Threshold
Sublimen = Below threshold
22
Q
Asch study of conformity realization:
A
A lack of unanimity greatly reduces the pressure to conform
23
Q
Low-Ball technique
A
Get an individual to agree to a request then you increase the original terms to ask for more
24
Q
Immediately before sleep, larger and slower waves are called:
A
Alpha waves
25
Hypnic jerk
A jerk of a muscle right as a person is about to fall asleep
26
Multiple personality disorder begins during:
Childhood as a result of unbearable experiences
27
Semantics
The meanings of words and phrases in a particular context
| Different from semantic (aka factual) memory
28
Absolute thresholds depend on:
Energy necessary to stimulate a sensory receptor to trigger an action potential
29
Cannon-Bard Theory Physiology
Thalamus sends a message to brain to trigger Affective and Physiological response to stimulus
30
Social statics vs. Social dynamics
```
Statics = how things held together
Dynamics = how society changes over time
```
31
Order of scientific method
Ask a question --> Background research --> construct hypothesis --> test hypothesis by experiment --> Analyze/draw conclusions --> Communicate results
32
Informed consent necessary when:
Subjects may be exposed to risk of research greater than the risks of everyday life
33
Positivism
Theory that laws are best understood as social rules, valid because they are enacted by authority or derive logically from existing decisions.
34
Morbidity
Disease Rate
35
According to differential association theory, how is deviance learned?
Through interactions with others
Differential association is when an individual bases their behaviors by association and interaction with others. This is most often studied in the analysis of learned deviance such as learned criminal behavior.
36
Mediating Variable
One that explains the relationship between the two other variables
"Education between social status vs. testicular exams." If you take away education effect, relationship disappears
Think "Cause"
37
Confounding Variable
One that is not of interest to the researcher but is related to both variables
**If it can be explained, it is not a confounding variable
38
Moderating Variable
May dictate the strength of correlation between the two variables
"Age between social status vs. testicular exams"
Age moderates, but if you take away age, the correlation still exists
Think "Effect"
39
Cross' Nigrescence Model
1st - Pre-encounter - AA's view Caucasion culture as desirable and unquestionable (Anti-Black)
2nd - Immersion-Emersion (post encounter) - Anti-White, intense black involvement
3rd - Internalization - Black Nationalist, Biculturalist, (Middle Ground)
40
Attrition Bias
Participants drop out of a long-term study or experiment
41
Reconstructive Bias
Memory related - subjects don't remember times of high stress well
42
Social desirability bias
Understate undesirable behavior and answer in a socially acceptable way
43
Selection Bias
How are people chosen to participate in the survey?
44
Distress, Eustress, Neustress
Distress = negative stress
Eustress = Positive stress - challenging but motivating
Neustress - Neutral stress - doesn't active affect you -- News of disaster
45
Informational Social influence
Conforming by turning to others for information about what is correct
46
Identification
Conform because you respect or like the person who exhibits that behavior
47
Internalization
Individual publicly AND PRiVATELY conforms and accepts the behavior
48
Compliance
Individual publicly conforms but PRIVATELY DISAGREES
49
Schachter-Singer
3 Distinct Steps:
Physiological + Cognitive (label it) --> Emotion
2 factor theory (JL is 1 factor)
50
James-Lange
Physiological --> Emotion
51
Cannon-Bard
Physiological = Emotion
| SIMULTANEOUSLY
52
Lazarus
Cognitive --> Emotion + Physiological simultaneously
53
Stroop effect
Hard to read color red written in green
54
Construct validity
```
Degree to which a test measures what it claims to be measuring
"Black" and "White" are they social class or race?
```
55
Conflict theory can be used for... and not...
Social class conflict, NOT Race Conflict
56
Socialization
How individual attitudes are shaped by social factors
57
Sterotyping vs. Discrimination
```
Discrimination = behavioral action
Stereotyping = cognitive action
```
58
Approach-approach conflict
both options are appealing
59
Avoidant-Avoidant conflict
both options unappealing
60
Approach-avoidance conflict vs. Double Approach-avoidance conflict
One option has both positive and negative aspects
| Double = 2 options, each with both positive and negative aspects
61
Example of double approach-avoidance conflict
```
Jury, 2 outcomes with 2 outcomes each, 1 positive 1 negative
Punish a criminal = Approach
Punish innocent = avoidant
Set free criminal = Avoidant
Set free innocent = Approach
```
62
Asch's conformity experiment
Solomon Asch conducted an experiment investigating the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could influence a person to conform. Asch used confederates who were instructed to give clearly incorrect answers regarding the lengths of various lines. He then measured the number of times each unknowing participant conformed to the majority view. In Asch’s study, the confederates never provided an explanation for their choices to the group.
63
Harlow's Monkey Experiments
Used real monkey mothers vs. fake monkey mothers
| Emotional attachments formed with real mothers led to emotional stability later in life
64
Folkway
Norms that are not strictly enforced -- Breaking speed limit
65
More
Strictly Enforced Norms, great moral significance
| -- Murder, religion
66
Taboo
Extremely negative Norm - illegal but brings REVULSION if violated
- INCEST, murder
67
Anomie
Social instability caused by erosion of standards and values
68
Parallel Play
```
In preschool (age 4 ish) - when a child is playing alone but sees another child and adjusts their behavior in response
Later on, children will play together more
```
69
Reliability vs. Validity
Same as Precision vs. Accuracy
Reliability = Precision
Validity = Accuracy
70
Face Validity
Does the test measure what it claims to measure
71
Construct Validity
Does the test relate to underlying theoretical concepts?
| Construct validity for a test for intelligence depends on a model or theory of intelligence.
72
Concurrent Validity
Test corresponds to something that is already known (IQ test score based on past but similar IQ Tests)
73
Predictive Validity
Predicts something that will occur in future (like SAT high scorers will graduate college more frequently) -- If it is true, then the test has predictive validity
74
Symbolic Interactionist perspective - Careful when comparing
Different from functionalism
| Symbolic interactionalists will be influenced, and their daily life, choices, and interactions with others are affected.
75
Are health choices a more or folkway?
A more, since a person may be shunned if they do not seek medical help.
A folkway is like speeding or holding the door open (minor minor minor)
76
Types of kinship
```
Consanguineal = Based on blood - biological son
Affinal = Basis of marriage - merging children from previous marriages
```
77
T/F: Median age ~ Quality of life
True, they positively correlate
78
Harlow Monkeys takeaway:
Their trauma cannot be corrected by putting them with the cloth mother later in life
79
Anomies associated with:
Rapid changes in society
Low levels of income
High heterogeneity
(Lots of people of different backgrounds leads to no homogeneous mores/folkways/taboos)
80
Negativity bias vs. Positivity bias
Negativity: Focus on only negative things
Positivity: Focus on only positive things
81
External validity
Degree to which findings of a study are generalizable to population as a whole
Look at size/representativeness of sample
82
Internal validity
Can causal conclusions be drawn from a study?
83
Inclusive fitness
Animal behaves in a way that ensures propagation of its genes
84
Death Always Brings Definite Acceptance
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
85
Condition for operant conditioning
Shaping is to Give a reward AFTER a BEHAVIOR is performed
| Only AFTER and only when a BEHAVIOR is performed
86
Activation-Synthesis hypothesis
DREAMS
Differences in neuronal activity of the brainstem during waking and REM sleep
DREAMS result from brain activation during REM sleep
87
General adaption syndrome
Alarm Reaction - Mobilize resources, adrenaline, fight or flight
Stage of Resistance - cope with stressor - large resistance, cortisol release to redistribute glucose
Stage of Exhaustion - Reserves depleted, giving up, open to sickness,
88
House money effect
People are usually risk averse, but if the money is not "theirs" they are less risk averse
89
Gambler's fallacy
If it's been heads 10x in a row it HAS to be tails the next time...
90
Prisoner's dilemma
Two completely rational individuals may not cooperate, even if in their best interests to do so
91
Ratio level of measurement
There are a lot of quantitative responses at spaced intervals, and you CAN score 0
NOT yes/no questions
NOT opinion based
92
Integration vs. Marginalization vs. Separation vs. Assimilation on Old and New Cultures
```
Integration = Identify with both
Marginalization = Reject both
Separation = Reject new, maintain native
Assimilation = Reject native, interact with new
```
93
What is involved in unconscious thought
id, superego mostly
| ALSO ego to a small extent
94
Subjective norms
Perceived social pressure to engage or not to engage in a behavior
95
Reciprocal determinism
Thoughts feelings and behaviors and environment all interact to determine our actions.
Skeptic's views can shift if attends seances, and interacts with people there.
96
Formal vs. informal sanction
Official reward or law = formal
Media ridicule/social pressure = informal
97
Up-focused organization
Business only to provide returns to shareholders
| = Ideal bureaucracy
98
Thinning vs. Fading
Thinning - Stop rewarding as often
| Fading - Stop Prompting as often
99
Dual coding hypothesis
Easier to remember images and words together than either one alone
100
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Idea that speakers of different languages utilize different cognitive processes
ex. Finnish people don't think about time the same way
101
Hippo wearing HAT
```
Limbic System:
Hypothalamus - ANS, endocrine control
Hippocampus - memories
Amygdala - aggression
Thalamus - sensory relay
```
102
ABC model of attitude
Affective - I love Yoga
Behavior - I will do Yoga
Cognitive - Yoga helps me relax
103
Elaboration Likelihood model
For Persuasion
Central - based on arguments
Peripheral - based on attractiveness/status of persuader
104
Looking Glass Self
Person's self grows out of perspective of others
| One internalizes bias/stigma towards himself
105
Ecological Validity
How well an experiment can be applied to outside SETTINGS - Different from external validity
106
Types of Schizophrenia
Paranoid (NORMAL COG FUNCTIONING) -auditory hallucinations about persecution/conspiracy
Catatonic - Disturbances in movement - impaired cog
Undifferentiated - could be many things
Disorganized - disorg. of though processes, large impairments in daily life
107
Differential association theory
Criminals are bad because they are exposed to bad things.
| Take a child and put them in an affluent family = No exposure to crime = reduced crime
108
Referent power
Someone with referent power exerts control by appealing to people's desire to belong to a group
For peripheral route processing
109
If you can't form new long-term memories, can you still be affected by proactive interference given false facts about people you know?
Less so, because these new facts cannot be made into long term memories, and proactive interference is from long term interfering with short term
110
Confabulation
Making up memories to fill gaps and then believing those memories to be true
111
Free choice reduction of conflict
Person has a binary choice, once they make a decision the change their belief to be more congruent with decision
112
Post-decisional conflict
In Cognitive Dissonance when a person is conflicted after behaving against their attitude
113
Explicit vs. Implicit attitudes
```
Implicit = What you think unconsciously
Explicit = Conscious attitudes, quotes, outward views
```
114
Attribute Substitution
Using heuristics, intuition, maybe priming - instead of reflective system
115
Cataplexy
Strong emotion or laughter causes physical collapse but you're still conscious
116
Hypnagogic vs. Hypnopompic
```
Hypnagogic = going to sleep
Hypnopompic = waking up
```
117
Base rate fallacy
Judgment based on new specific information instead of already known information
118
Gemeinschaft
Social relations between individuals - close personal ties
119
Gesellschaft
Impersonal ties - 2ndary circle
120
Cognitive Neoassociation Theory
Negative feelings and experiences are the main cause of anger and angry aggression
121
Echopraxia
Meaningless repetition or imitation of movements
122
Echolalia
Meaningless repetition of spoken words
123
Michelangelo phenomenon
Interdependent individuals influence and "sculpt" each other
124
Blueberry phenomenon
Interdependent individuals bring out the worst qualities in each other
125
Dysomnia vs. Parasomnia
```
Dysomnia = trouble getting to sleep
parasomnia = trouble during sleep
```
126
Conformity increases/drops when:
Conformity decreases when:
Answers are private
Not unanimous
Increases when:
Face social pressure
Want to belong to group
127
Primary vs. Secondary reinforcers
```
Primary = Need to survive biologically
Secondary = Conditioned = money, grades, TOKENS, praise
```
128
Door-in-Face vs. Foot-in-Door
```
Door-in-Face = Big request reject to small request accept
Foot-in-door = Small request leads to big request
```
129
Strain theory
Society puts pressure for people to achieve socially accepted goals - leads to strain since they may lack the means, leads to crimes being committed
130
Anima and animus
```
Anima = unconscious of woman
Animus = unconscious of man
```
131
Jung vs. Freud
Freud is about childhood and sexual gratification
| Jung is about a range of behaviors, past and future, and repressed memories from individual and ancestral past
132
Kinsey scale
how homosexual/heterosexual are you?
133
Piaget's
Sensorimotor - Object permanence
Preoperational - Egocentrism, symbolic
Concrete operational - Conservation
Formal Operational - Abstract ideas
134
Kohlberg's
Preconventional - Obedience vs. punishment, exchange
Conventional - Good Boy, conformity, law and order
Post-Conventional - Social contract (law+order not perfect), Universal ethical principle (own set of principles)
135
Attribution theory
Internal v. External
Self-controlled or external factors
Stable v. Unstable
Unchanging factors or temporary factors
136
Self-serving bias
Good things = internal talent
| Bad things = bad external luck
137
post hoc fallacy
since Y happened after X, Y must have been caused by X
138
Content validity
Degree to which a test measures all facets of a given social construct
139
Criterion validity
Degree to which a measure is related to an outcome
| Can be Concurrent or Predictive validity
140
Pygmalion effect
Higher expectations leads to increase in performance
| Different from hawthorne effect
141
Erikson's Stages of development
1 - bun - rust - trust vs. mistrust
2 - shoe - wheels - autonomy vs. shame
3 - Tree - Inn + Quilt - Initiative vs. Guilt
4 - Dinosaur - Dust - Industry vs. Inferiority
5 - Dive - Dents car - Identity vs. ID Confusion
6 - Sticks - sticks kissing - Intimacy vs. isolation
7 - Heaven - Generativity vs. Stagnation
8 - Plate - Grits + Pair - Ego Integrity vs. Despair
142
Behaviorist theory
People learn from conditioning, namely operant and classical conditioning
143
Psychodynamic theory
People are influenced by unconscious desires and beliefs
| Sexually
144
Can you do experimental studies with psych subjects?
Yes as long as there is informed consent
145
Ion channels in the cochlea are gated how? (Hair cells moving)
Mechanically gated, Mechanorepectors!
146
Can you perform CONDITIONING EXPERIMENTAL studies with subjects?
You can't give them a condition, that's not ethical
147
Is human stress response specific to a type of stressor?
No it is not, General adaption syndrome is not specific
148
Cerebellum function
Coordinated motor task
149
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is also known as:
Linguistic Relativity, Linguistic determinism
150
Nativist theory
Humans are innately programmed to learn and develop language
151
Order of memory
Sensory, Short term, Working, long term
152
Impulsive responding
Misread question --- Impulsive responding is distractedness of ADHD children, not a good thing
153
Reference Group
A group that you want to associate with and emulate the attitudes and behaviors of
154
Larger vs. Smaller groups stability
Larger groups more stable but less intimate
| Smaller groups less stable but more intimate
155
Opponent Process Theory
Cell can only detect one color at a time because two colors oppose each other
OR
As drug use increases, tolerance develops, leads to withdrawal
156
Phi Phenomenon
Still images moving fast - perceive as continuous motion
157
Flashbulb memory
Highly detailed snapshot of memory where surprising/consequential news was heard
158
Schema - Assimilation vs. Accomodation
```
Assimilation = New info changed to fit into old schemata
Accomodation = modify old schemata to fit new info
```
159
Representativeness heuristic
Using stereotyped image of category to fit problems into
160
Type I vs. Type II Error
Type I = incorrect reject null hypothesis
| Type II = False null hypothesis
161
Fluid vs. Crystallized intelligence
```
Fluid = Problem solving and relationships between ideas
Crystallized = facts, experiences, accumulated knowledge
```
162
Prosody
Rhythm, cadence, inflection
163
Primary Appraisal vs. Secondary Appraisal of stress
```
Primary = initial identification of threat
Secondary = Can the organism cope with the threat
```
164
Arousal theory of motivation
there is an optimal arousal amount - Yerkes Dodson law
165
Drive reduction theory of motivation based on
Primary drives = survival
| Secondary = Money, other shit
166
Prototype willingness model
Behavior is mediated by both intention/expectation and willingness
167
Functional attitudes theory
Attitudes serve 4 functions:
Knowledge - know others behavior
Ego expression - wear shirt
Adaption - behave in a socially accepted way
Ego defense - Justify actions and self esteem
168
Social cognitive theory
Behavior learned by observation and imitation
169
Dissociative disorder
Characterized by avoidance of stress by escaping from one's identity
eg. Fugue = new identity
amnesia
identity disorder
170
Normative vs. informational conformity
```
Normative = wanting to be liked/accepted
Informational = wanting to be right
```
171
Stages of change theory for behavior
Precontemplation > Contemplation > Determination > Action > Maintenance > Termination
172
Vygotsky's sociocultural cognitive development theory
Internalization of various aspects of culture drives cognitive development
173
Jungian Persona vs. Shadow
```
Persona = what we present to the world
Shadow = Unpleasant and bad thoughts in our consciousness
```
174
Covariation model
We make causal inferences to explain why other people and ourselves behave a certain way
175
Projection Bias
Overestimate how much others agree with you
176
Role Strain vs. Role Conflict
```
Strain = Multiple requirements of one role hard
Conflict = Expectations of multiple roles
```
177
System for Multiple Level Observation of Groups (SYMLOG)
Dominance vs. Submission
Friendliness vs. Unfriendliness
Instrumentally controlled vs. emotionally expressive
178
Prevalence vs. Incidence
Prevalence is overall cases of illness per population in given time
Incidence is NEW CASES per population in given time
179
Factorial experiment
Design has 2+ factors, and all possible combinations of those are tested (design of experiments)
180
Convergent validity
Extent to which two constructs that are supposed to be related are related
181
Discriminant Validity
Extent to which concepts that are NOT supposed to be related are actually NOT related
182
Subjective validation bias
A person will consider a statement or piece of info correct if it has any personal meaning or significance to them
183
Implicit bias
From attitudes/stereotypes that unconsciously affect our judgement
184
Criteria for causality
Strength, Consistency, Specificity, Temporality (cause/effect timing), Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, Alternative explanations
185
Negative vs. Positive symptoms
```
Negative = lack of something (emotion apathy)
Positive = presence of something (hallucination)
```
186
What brain parts are involved in learning and attention?
Frontal lobe, hippocampus, thalamus
| NOT HYPOTHALAMUS
187
Memory aging symptoms
Cannot: Aquire new declarative info, control memory processes
Can: Retrieve general information (Crystallized intelligence not affected)
188
Agents of socialization
Transmit VALUES and BELIEFS about acceptable behaviors:
| eg. Popular culture, schools, family, religion, media
189
Proximal vs. Distal stimuli
```
Proximal = Those stimuli that reach your senses
Distal = Those stimuli out in the world around you, it can contribute to a proximal stimulus
```
190
Partial report technique
Show 3 rows, if asked to recall 1 row, you'll get it every time
191
Operational span testing
Tests working memory - do a math problem, then say a word, then repeat and count how many words can remember
192
Psychophysical discrimination testing
Direct assess perception of stimuli in relation to true physical properties.
Overstate or understate -- Threshold testing, etc
193
How is motivational state determined in operant conditioning?
Depriving subject of desirable stimulus item for a period of time
194
Is remembering your childhood residence semantic or episodic memory?
If it is YOUR childhood, it is episodic
195
Psychoanalytic theory
Id, Ego, Superego
196
Social epidemiology
Study of the social and cultural factors to disease patterns in populations
197
Cultural capital vs. Ascribed Status vs. Achieved status vs. Social Capital
Cultural Cap = Knowledge, skills, education
Ascribed status = born into status
Achieved status = after lots of work status
Social capital = ability to use social network to advantage
198
MRI vs. fMRI vs. PET vs. CT
```
MRI = magnets --> Bone, fluids, cartilage
fMRI = blood flow to areas
PET = Tracks for tumors by tracking radioactive glucose
CT = Similar to MRI but less detail and uses radiation -- Like a nice nice Xray
```
199
Correlation vs. Causation
Experiment with controlled variables --> Causation/evidence
| Surveys without groups/control --> Correlation
200
Gamma wave (sleep)
High frequency waves while Awake, conscious, also DREAMING
201
Beta Waves
Low amplitude, varying frequencies, active, busy or anxious thinking, active concentration,
202
Alpha Waves
Lower frequency waves during wakeful relaxation with closed eyes, happen RIGHT BEFORE SLEEP
203
Theta Waves
Low freq, low amp, during meditative, drowsy, or SLEEPING states
204
Delta Wave
High amp, low freq, deep state 3 non-REM sleep, (Slow wave sleep)
205
Stage 1 Sleep
Between sleep and wakefulness
| Goes from ALPHA to THETA waves
206
Stage 2 sleep
Theta Waves with sleep spindles and K complexes
207
Sleep spindles
Burst of oscillatory activity on EEG, STAGE 2 SLEEP
208
K-Complexes on EEG
Large event, aid in sleep based memory consolidation, STAGE 2 SLEEP
209
Stage 3 sleep
Slow wave deep sleep, Delta waves, not responsive.
| Parasomnias here
210
REM sleep
Vivid dreams, similar to waking state on EEG, but very hard to wake GAMMA waves
211
Stranger Anxiety
Develops around 8 months
212
Place theory
One is able to hear different pitches because sound waves trigger activity at different places in the cochleas basilar membrane
213
Negative priming
Seeing a stimulus slows down your response (instead of speeding up - which is positive priming)
214
Implicit vs. Explicit memory
```
Implicit = effortless, procedural
Explicit = takes effort
```
215
Neuroleptics
First antipsychotic drugs - treat positive symptoms but exacerbate negative ones
216
Alzheimer's disease symptoms
Cognitive dysfunction, verbal problems, problems with negative priming, forgetfulness
217
Long-term potentiation
Synapses that fire more frequently become stronger
218
Stressors - dependent and independent
Stressors are outside things that cause stress
Dependent stressors depend on other things (not oneself)
Independent stressors don't depend on anything
219
Unidirectional vs. Reciprocal relations
```
Unidirectional = One thing affects the other, but not reverse
Reciprocal = They affect each other
```
220
Can the same dose of morphine in a new location be less effective?
Yes because CONSCIOUSNESS INFLUENCES DRUG POTENCY
221
Do people change their behaviors to match attitudes or vice versa?
False, People change their ATTITUDES to match their BEHAVIOR as part of COGNITIVE DISSONANCE RESOLUTION
222
Generalized other
When people imagine what "people" want of them, they take the role of generalized other
223
Thomas Theorem
Social construction
| If men define something as real, it is real with its consequences
224
Constructionist view of gender
Fluid and subject to social processes of meaning-making
225
Which component of Mead's Me and I is influenced by the generalized other?
The Me
226
Reticular activating system
Bouncer for your brain, dictates conscious thoughts or not
227
Within subject design
All subjects experience all variables
228
Operationalization
Finding a causal relationship by manipulating a variable
