Psych Ch. 10 Flashcards by lilly murray

What is intelligence according to Binet?

The ability to think, understand, reason, and
adapt to or overcome obstacles

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What did Charles spearmen propose?

performance in tasks of mental ability was dependent on a general intelligence factor that he called g

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What is Factor Analysis?

In other words, according to the concept of g, someone who is good at one component of intelligence (e.g., math) is probably good at other components (e.g., problem-solving)

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Who termed the 7 primary mental abilities?

Loius Thurstone

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Along with general abilities (g) there are special abilities (_)

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Define Savant:

Rare condition in which an individual has extremely high ability in one domain despite overall limitations in mental and social ability

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Define Prodigy:

A young person who is extremely gifted and precocious in one area and at least average intelligence

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Robert Sternberg offers an alternative theory called …

triarchic theory of intelligence
-Analytic
-Practical
-Creative

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What is analytical intelligence

Is the verbal, mathematical problem-solving type of intelligence that probably comes to mind when you think of intelligence. Linked with academic performance.

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What does analytical intelligence consist of

Information-processing strategies
* Recognizing the problem
* Selecting a method for solving it
* Mastering and carrying out the strategy
* Evaluating the result

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What is practical intelligence?

The ability to find solutions to real-world problems that are encountered in daily life, especially those related to work and family. (adjust to knew environment, get stuff done_

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What is creative intelligence

The ability to create new ideas to solve problems

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Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

*Intelligence consists of
multiple abilities that come
in different packages
*Eight relatively independent
intelligences exist

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What is Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences (what are the intelligences)

-Verbal linguistic
-Logistical/Mathematical
-Visuospatial
-Bodily Kinesthetic
-Muscial/rhthym
-interpersonal
-intrapersonal
-Natualist
-Existential intelligence

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What is the problem with Gardeners Multiple Intelligence

This theory is unfalsifiable. You can always think up a new type of intelligence to account for the data

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What is emotional intelligence

Social intelligence is an important
indicator of life success. Emotional
intelligence is a key aspect, consisting of
perceiving, understanding, managing,
and using emotions.

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desire to develop intelligence tests arose from ____________________

social circumstances

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What is Eugenics?

Scientific/philosophical/political
movement that encouraged breeding
between people with particular traits
and discouraged breeding between
those without these traits (e.g.,
people with low IQs)

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Believed intelligence was malleable and included many different abilities

Alfred Binet

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Binet developed the concept of…

Mental age

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Terman developed the concept of…

Innate intelligence

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What id David Wechsler known for? What did it aim to do?

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and Wechsler’s tests for children, It aimed to shift into non-verbal reliant skills.

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General Ability Index (GAI)

This subscale examines comprehension and reasoning without examining processing speed (e.g., what do words have in common)

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Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI)

Working memory and processing speed tasks (e.g., keeping numbers in head and repeating backwards and forwards)

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define intelligence test

Method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores

Define Aptitude test:

Designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn a new skill (e.g., SAT)

Define achievement test:

Designed to assess what a person has learned

What are the three criteria of a good test?

-standardized -reliable -valid

What is standardization?

Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Define reliability

Extent to which a test yields consistent results

What is a random error?

Random error is anything that changes each time (e.g., a bad night sleep)

What is a systematic error?

is error that appears over and over (e.g., a scale that is consistently 10 pounds too light)

What is validity?

Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict

Content validity?

Extent to which a test samples the behavior of interest

Predictive Validity:

Success with which a test predicts what it is designed to predict

Who believed in two components of g? What are they?

Raymond Cattell. Fluid intelligence (Gf) and Crystalized intelligence (Gc)

What is fluid intelligence?

A type of intelligence used in learning new information and solving new problems not based on knowledge the person already possesses. Decreases with age.

What id Crystalized intelligence?

A type of intelligence that draws upon past learning and experience. (vocab, and general)

What is the biggest predictor of success with IQ

Persistance

Is there a correlation between genetics and IQ

yes. 50-80%

What is the birth order effect?

The IQs of first-born children are, on average, about 3 points higher than those of second-born children and 4 points higher than those of third-born children

What environmental Factors?

Nutrition Education Stressful environment

What are L.L Thurstones primary mental abilities

-word fluency -verbal comprehension -Spatial Ability -Perceptual speed -Numerical ability -Inductive reasoning -memory

What fraction of people who have savant syndrome are male

4/5

What is emotional intelligence

The ability to percieve, understand, manage, and use emotions

What are the 4 abilities of emotional intelligence

-Perception -Understanding -Managing -Using

What are some factors on Wechslers testing for non verbal intelligence

similarity, vocab, block design, letter number sequencing

What are the two components of g

Fluid intelligence and Chrystalized intelligence

What is fluid intelligence?

A type of intelligence used in learning new information and solving new problems not based on knowledge the person already possesses

What is crystallized intelligence

A type of intelligence that draws upon past learning and experience

What is the Flynn effect?

Refers to the steady population level increases in intelligence test scores over time

Flynn suggests that performance has increased because...

people have developed new mental skills to cope with modern environments

Our performance can also be influenced by...

our beliefs about performance and intelligence

What is entity theory?

The belief that intelligence is a fixed characteristic and relatively difficult (or impossible) to change

What is incremental theory?

The belief that intelligence can be shaped by experiences, practice, and effort (“growth mindset”)

Those with entity beliefs were more or less likely to give up when faced with challenging questions or negative feedback?

What are the three hypotheses for racial differences in intelligence?

*There are genetically disposed racial differences in intelligence *There are socially influenced racial differences in intelligence *There are racial differences in test scores, but the tests are inappropriate or biased

variation within groups is _______________ and variation between groups may be ______________________

Genetic; environmental

what is the term bias based on?

test predictive validity

What is stereotype threat?

Doubt one feels about his/her performance due to negative stereotypes about his/her group’s abilities

Stereotype threat increases these three things:

-arousal/anxiety -self focused thought (less about tests) -inhibition

Males and females have very similar IQ but male results are more ________

Variable

define intelligence

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use general knowledge to adapt to new situations

Who came up with general intelligence

Charles spearman

Thustone came up with...

7 primary mental abilities

What is the Cattel-Horn-Carroll theory

intelligence based on g as well as gf and gc

Howard Garder came up with

8 or 9 relatively independence intelligences such as: narturalist, inter/intrapersonal, linguistic ect

Sternberg came up with three intelligences

Analytical, practical, and creative

Galton is to Binet as ________is to ________

nature;nurture

why was terman kinda sus

Eugenics

Why are people with higher intelligence healthier

-more education, better jobs, healthier environement -less smoking, better diet, more excerise -prenatal, early childhood events -well wired body

What is hertiablity

the proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes

Women compared to men excel in ...

-vocab -spelling relational awareness -reading -locating objects

Psych Ch. 10 Flashcards

(73 cards)