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Psych Learning Flashcards

1
Q

Law of effect

A

Actions followed by favorable consequences will tend to be repeated

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2
Q

Operant behavior

A

Operates (acts) on environment; voluntary behavior

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3
Q

Skinner box (Operant chamber)

A

A chamber with a bar or key that an animal manipulates to obtain a food or water reinforcer

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4
Q

Reinforcer

A

Any event or stimulus that, when the following response, strengthens its occurrence

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5
Q

Positive reinforcement-Incentives (add something good)

A

Addition of a favorable stimulant- money; TV privileges

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6
Q

Negative reinforcement- Taking away something bad

A

Removal of an aversive stimulus; seat belt buzzer-immediately put on seatbelt; getting a headache- taking an Advil

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7
Q

Punishment

A

The aversive event that, when following a response, decreases the behavior’s occurrence

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8
Q

Positive punishment- adding something bad

A

Administration of an aversive stimulus- spanking; speeding tickets

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9
Q

Negative punishment- taking away something good

A

Withdrawal of a desirable stimulus- timeout; revoked license

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10
Q

Negative reinforcement vs. Punishment

A

Punishment by application vs. removal

Negative reinforcement is NOT a punishment

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11
Q

Continuous Reinforcement

A

Reinforcing the desired response each time it occurs

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12
Q

Partial/intermittent Reinforcement

A

Reinforcing a response only part of the time

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13
Q

Fixed ratio

A

Reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

The faster you respond the more rewards you get

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14
Q

Variable Ratio

A

Reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

Very hard to extinguish because of unpredictability

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15
Q

Fixed Interval

A

Reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

The response occurs more frequently as the anticipated time for reward draws near

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16
Q

Variable interval

A

Reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

Produces slow steady responding

17
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex

18
Q

Naturally Occuring

A

Uncinditioned Stimululus(UCS)- Automatically and naturally triggers a response

Unconditioned response(UCR)-naturally occurring response to the UCS

19
Q

Learned

A

Conditioned stimulus (CS)
- Begins as a neutral stimulus
- After association with UCS, comes to trigger a conditioned response

20
Q

Learning

A

Permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience

21
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning to associate a response and its consequence’s

22
Q

Acquisition

A

Associating a neutral stimulus with a unconditioned stimulus and comes to elicit a condition response

23
Q

Extinction

A

Diminishing of a conditioned response

24
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

Reappearance after a rest period of an extinguished conditioned response

25
Q

Generalization

A

tendency for stimuli similar to Conditioned stimulus to elicit a similar response

26
Q

Discrimination

A

Distingush between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal a unconditioned stimulus

27
Q

Higher-Order Conditioning

A

A strong conditioned response is paired with a neutral stimulus causing the neutral stimulus to become a (CS)

EX: bell -> salavation ; Snap, bell -> slavation

28
Q

Conditioned taste aversion

A

Accosiating food/drinks with illnesses

29
Q

Observational learning

A

Learning by observing others

30
Q

Modeling

A

process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

31
Q

Bandura’s 4 steps to imitation

A
  1. Attention
    2.Retention
    3.Reproduction
    4.Motivation (desire to do the behavior)
32
Q

Applications
study in notebook

A

study in notebook

33
Q

Little albert study
study in notebook

A

study in notebook

34
Q

Learning by accociation
study in notebook

A

study in notebook

35
Q
A

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