Psychiatry-History of Drug Abuse Flashcards
Self-administration of any drug that deviates from the approved medical or social patterns within a given culture
Drug abuse: caffeine could be drug abuse in the Mormon culture and opium might not be drug abuse in China.
Pattern of drug use that is characterized by compulsive use, drug seeking behavior and high tendency to relapse after withdraw.
Addiction
Increased dose is necessary to have the same effect or repeated administration of the same dose has a diminished effect
Tolerance
A state where the drug must be present to maintain normal physiologic function
Physical dependence
Indicated by the frequency of use of a drug or the amount of time an individual spends seeking the drug
Psychological dependence
A condition resulting from abstinence from a substance that may involve gastric upset, sleep disturbances, anxiety and cravings for the drug
Withdrawal
When one drug can replace another
Cross-dependence
DSM V criteria for substance-induced intoxication
1) Reversible syndrome due to ingestion of substance 2) Changes attributable to physiologic effects of substance 3) Signs/symptoms develop shortly after use 4) Symptoms not attributable to other cause
DSM V criteria for substance withdrawal
1) Problematic behavioral and physiological changes due to cessation/reduction of use 2) Symptoms develop soon after cessation 3) Cessation causes significant distress 4) Symptoms not due to other cause
Risk factors for use of illicit drugs
Native American male 18-44, never married
What drugs have the highest probability of transitioning from first use to dependence?
1) Nicotine 2) Alcohol 3) Cocaine 4) Cannabis
Military personnel risks
High risk of alcohol abuse, ~70% of enlisted use tobacco products, increased caffeine use, steroid use, opiate abuse
Types of dependence that develop with marijuana
1) 20% psychological 2) 10% physical
