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AMK > Psychiatry Pathology > Flashcards

Psychiatry Pathology Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What happens during a tonic clonic seizure

A

Tissue hypoxia causing more lactate in the blood and low oxygen

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2
Q

What is spinothalamic tract responsible for

A

Pain and temperature

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3
Q

Vestibulospinal tract is responsible for?

A

Motor signals relating to posture

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4
Q

Cuneate fasciculus?

A

Fine touch, pain and proprioception

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5
Q

Posterior spinocerebellar?

A

Proprioceptive signals to cerebellum

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6
Q

Anterior corticospinal?

A

Motor pathway

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7
Q

memory problems in elderly patient, very progressive and shows behavioural changes - what is wrong?

A

frontotemporal dementia

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8
Q

what signs does anorexia nervosa exhibit

A
  1. hypercholesterolaemia
  2. low BMI
  3. bradycardia
  4. hypotension
  5. fine hair covering skin
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9
Q

what is transient global amnesia

A

isolated memory loss but everything else is functioning normally

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10
Q

medicine that is used for alzehimers and diarrhoea is the most common side effect

A

galantamine

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11
Q

medicine that is given to patients with severe anxiety

A

sertraline

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12
Q

what is refeeding syndrome

A

when nutritional intake is consumed too rapidly after a period of low calorie intake
- large spikes in insulin causes shift in vitamins

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13
Q

patient with decline in memory, lost way home - what is a good test to do?

A

TFT - hypo and hyper thyroidism can cause dementia

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14
Q

nihilistic delusion

A

negative thoughts - seen in depressed patients

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15
Q

grandiose delusions

A

patients believe they have high traits “they are rich” “they are the PM”

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16
Q

delusions of control

A

pt feels and external party is controlling them

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17
Q

what drugs are given in schizophrenia

A

dopamine receptor antagonists

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18
Q

capers delusions

A

pt believes they have been replaced by a clone

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19
Q

ekboms syndrome

A

pt believes they are invested with parasites

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20
Q

coward delusion

A

pt believes they are dead/rotting

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21
Q

child shows aggression, bullies, steals, throws tantrums, hitting animals

what disorder is this

A

conduct disorder

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22
Q

what’s a manic episode

A

when the person behaves strangely, its a part of bipolar disorder
person may be suddenly really happy and cheerful but also slightly aggressive

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23
Q

why should citalopram be stopped in a manic episode

A

it can cause mood disturbance

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24
Q

what is the first line management of Alzheimer’s disease?

A

memantine

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25
what is the most common side effect of memantine
constipation
26
what is depression
fatigue tiredness weight changes if symptoms are present everyday for 2 weeks or longer then can diagnose with depression
27
management of depression
1. CBT 2. SSRI - sertraline for adults fluoxetine for children 3. citalopram or venlafaxine 4. electroconvulsive therapy
28
what is anxiety
can be GAD or panic disorder GAD - constant worrying on edge headaches fidgeting Panic disorder - recurrent panic attack episodes
29
anxiety management
1. CBT 2. SSRI - sertraline give propranolol for heart symptoms
30
eating disorder - what is it
anorexia nervosa - BMI <18.5 bradycardia amenorrhea OR bulimia nervosa - binge eating but vomit after - dental erosions - Russel's sign - scarring on the fingers
31
management for anorexia
- re stock on the missing nutrients however, careful of REFEEDING SYNDROME - when there is a drastic rise in nutrients it can cause drastic increase in insulin levels - causes hypomagnesia, hypokalaemia and less phosphates so give magnesium phosphate for anorexia
32
what is schizophrenia
severe long term mental health conditon - auditory hallucinations - thought disorders - insertion, withdrawal and broadcasting
33
management of schizophrenia
1. risperidone - antipsychotic 2. olanzapine 3. clozapine - last as it has a lot of side effects
34
side effects of antipsychotics?
they are dopamine antagonists dopamine inhibits prolactin so antipsychotics cause the increase in dopamine - so prolactin is increased - causes gynaecomastia, galactorrhea - means that men can produce milk from breasts
35
management for acute bipolar disorder
acute manic attack with agitation - lorazepam manic attack without agitation - olanzapine
36
management for chronic bipolar disorder
lithium monotherapy or CBT lithium causes fine tremor but if the tremor becomes noticeable then it means = lithium toxicity lithium can also cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidous
37
what to remember when giving antipsychotic medication in manic episode
STOP ANTIDEPRESSANTS FIRST IT CAN MAKE THE MANIC EPISODE WORSE
38
post partum depression
can present up to 1 year after birth
39
what are baby blues
feeling low in mood up to 2 weeks after child birth
40
post partum psychosis
develops in the first 2 weeks of birth hallucinations management - sertraline/paroxetine
41
what are cluster A personality disorders
odd eccentric conditions paranoid schizoid schizotypical
42
what is paranoid personality disorder
trust issues hypersensitive unforgiving
43
what is schizoid personality disorder
emotionally cold lack interest in socialising with people
44
what is schizotypical personality disorder
odd behaviour delusions lack close friends
45
what are cluster B personality disorders
dramatic and emotional disorders antisocial borderline histrionic narcissistic
46
what is antisocial personality disorder
reckless and aggressive go against social norms and laws more likely to commit crime
47
what is borderline personality disorder
emotionally unstable suicidal behaviour impulsive with money
48
what is histrionic personality disorder
always seductive always needs to be centre of attention
49
what is narcissistic personality disorder
arrogant lack empathy
50
what is cluster C personality disorders
anxious and fearful OCPD avoidant dependent
51
what is OCPD personality disorder
perfectionist stingy with money
52
what is avoidant personality disorder
isolated although they want to be social fear embarrassment they don't get involved in social settings
53
what is dependant personality disorder
difficulty making decisions need someone to always give them reassurance
54
alzheimers dementia features
caused due to the build up amyloid proteins in the brain which causes memory loss and forgetfulness
55
semantic dementia
dementia associated with semantic memory the ability to name objects and people
56
corticobasal degeneration
neurodegenerative causes language problems along with ataxia and Parkinson's can cause clumsiness, jerking of the arms
57
Down syndrome is associated with what type of dementia?
alzheimers - this dementia is caused by a build up of amyloid plaques and this amyloid protein is found on chromosome 21 - this is the chromosome that has the trisomy 21
58
normal pressure hydrocephalus
dementia that presents with incontinence, ataxia and gait issues
59
frontotemporal dementia
this is associated with personality changes, aggressiveness and impulsivity
60
progressive supra nuclear palsy
causes dementia with speech disturbance
61
what is the name of the condition in which patients fake illness to seek attention
Munchausen syndrome
62
cardiac side effect of haloperidol
it can cause prolongation of the QT interval; - repolarisation of the atrium and ventricles it can cause VT and also death§
63
which med to be given to breastfeeding mums with post part depression
SSRI - paroxetine
64
long term use of corticosteroids can cause what?
it can cause cushings syndrome rise in BP memory issues weight gain and also bruises
65
what to give to aggressive patient who isn't calming down - DOESNT HAVE PARKINSONS
Haloperidol IM
66
what to give to aggressive patient who isn't calming down - DOES HAVE PARKINSONS
IM LORAZEPAM
67
Side effects of lithium
it can cause hypothyroidism and also nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - so the kidneys don't respond to ADH

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