Psychoanalysis

Question 1

Sigismund (Sigmund) Freud was born either on ____, in ____ which is now part of the Czech Republic.

Answer 1

March 6 or May 6,
1856

Freiberg, Moravia,

Question 2

Sigmund Freud was the first of seven children of

Answer 2

Amalia and Jacob Freud

Question 3

He was well versed in languages,learning not only the classical
languages—___,____,___, —but also ___, ____, ___, _____
, and he read Shakespeare at the age of .

Answer 3

Greek, Latin, and Hebrew

English, French, Italian,and Spanish

8

Question 4

He attended the ____ (a secondary school) from 1866 to 1873,
graduating summa cum laude.

Answer 4

Sperlgymnasium

Question 5

In the winter of ___, Freud began his medical studies at the ___ and finished his degree ___ years later.

Answer 5

1873

University of
Vienna

8

Question 6

In ___, Freud had the opportunity to travel to Paris and spend 4 months with
, a famous French neurologist and hypnotist.

Answer 6

1885

Jean Charcot

Question 7

Freud married ____ in 1886.

Answer 7

Martha Bernays

Question 8

Drives and Instinct

Answer 8

Self preservative drives

Species-preservative drives

Question 9

including breathing, eating, drinking, and excreting.

Answer 9

Self preservative drives -

Question 10

– sexuality

Answer 10

Species-preservative drives

Question 11

• associated with all life instincts and included the
  general goal of seeking to gain pleasure and avoid pain.

Answer 11

Sex/Libido/Eros

Question 12

• accounted for aggressive
  drives. These include unconscious desires to hurt others or oneself.

Answer 12

Aggression/Death instinct or Thanatos

Question 13

Three levels of consciousness

Answer 13

1. Conscious
2. Unconscious
3. Preconscious

Question 14

• sensations and experiences that the person is aware of at
  any point in time.
  • Plays a relatively minor role in psychoanalytic theory.
  • It is the only level of mental life directly available to us.

Answer 14

Conscious

Question 15

Ideas can reach consciousness from two different directions.

Answer 15

1. Perceptual Conscious System
2. Preconscious and Unconscious

Question 16

what we perceive through senses

Answer 16

Perceptual Conscious System –

Question 17

nonthreatening ideas only and well
disguised images

Answer 17

Preconscious and Unconscious –

Question 18

• memories of events and experiences that can easily be retrieved with little effort.

Answer 18

Preconscious

Question 19

The contents of the preconscious come from two sources:

Answer 19

1. Conscious perception
2. Unconscious

Question 20

what a person perceives is conscious for only a transitory period. Ex. Seeing people on a street

Answer 20

Conscious Perception -

Question 21

• ideas can slip past the vigilant censor and enter into the preconscious.

Answer 21

Unconscious

Question 22

– the container for memories and emotions that are threatening to the conscious mind and must be pushed away.

Answer 22

Unconscious

Question 23

contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are
beyond our awareness but that nevertheless motivate most of our words,
feelings, and actions.

Answer 23

The unconscious

Question 24

processes often enter into consciousness but only after being disguised or distorted enough to elude censorship.

Answer 24

Unconscious

Question 25

unconscious images first must be sufficiently disguised to slip past the ____ &_____

Answer 25

primary censor and a final censor

Question 26

- a portion of our unconscious originates from the experiences of our early ancestors.

Answer 26

Phylogenetic endowment

Question 27

Bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness is a major therapeutic task. This can be brought into awareness by:

Answer 27

1. Dream interpretation 2. Slips of a tongue 3. Forgetting

Question 28

-images within the dream may represent various unconscious needs, wishes, or conflicts

Answer 28

Dream interpretation

Question 29

– apparently reveal private thoughts and feelings that individuals hold

Answer 29

Slips of the tongue

Question 30

– repression

Answer 30

Forgetting

Question 31

Attending to unconscious material was crucial for Freud and is central for all psychoanalysts.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Represents unchecked biological forces • At birth, the infant is all like this. Inherited and physiological forces, such as hunger, thirst, and elimination, drive the infant. • Pleasure principle – find pleasure, avoid pain.

Answer 32

Id

Question 33

___ - is the rational thinking that mediates between the two and deals with reality. • must mediate between the world around the infant and the instincts or drives within the infant. • By waiting or suspending the pleasure principle, it follows the reality principle.

Answer 33

Ego

Question 34

- is the voice of social conscience. represents parental values and, more broadly, society’s standards.

Answer 34

Superego

Question 35

- represents behaviors that parents approve of. Incorporates the parents’ values

Answer 35

Ego ideal

Question 36

- refers to behaviors disapproved of by parents.

Answer 36

Conscience

Question 37

The individual develops a ____ or ____ to determine whether actions are good or bad.

Answer 37

moral code or sense of values

Question 38

When conflicts among the id, ego, and superego develop, ____ is likely to arise.

Answer 38

anxiety

Question 39

When the ____ has too much control, individuals may become impulsive, self- indulgent, or destructive.

Answer 39

id

Question 40

When the ____ is too strong, individuals may set unrealistically high moral or perfectionistic standards (superego) for themselves and thus develop a sense of incompetence or failure.

Answer 40

superego

Question 41

When the ___ senses ____, it is a sign that danger is imminent and something must be done.

Answer 41

ego anxiety

Question 42

3 types of anxiety

Answer 42

Reality Neurotic Moral

Question 43

- the anxiety is appropriate to the situation.

Answer 43

Reality

Question 44

- occurs when individuals are afraid that they will not be able to control their feelings or instincts (id) and will do something for which they will be punished by parents or other authority figures.

Answer 44

Neurotic

Question 45

- When people are afraid they will violate parental or societal standards (superego).

Answer 45

Moral

Question 46

deny or distort reality

Answer 46

Defense mechanisms

Question 47

To cope with anxiety, the ___ must have a means of dealing with situations.

Answer 47

ego

Question 48

serves to remove painful thoughts, memories, or feelings from conscious awareness by excluding painful experiences or unacceptable impulses.

Answer 48

Repression

Question 49

Kinakalimutan

Answer 49

Repression

Question 50

Traumatic events, such as sexual abuse, that occur in the first 5 years of life are likely to be ___

Answer 50

repressed and to be unconscious.

Question 51

is a way of distorting or not acknowledging what an individual thinks, feels, or sees.

Answer 51

denial

Question 52

A way of avoiding an unacceptable impulse which is to act in the opposite extreme.

Answer 52

Reaction formation

Question 53

By acting in a way that is opposite to disturbing desires, individuals do not have to deal with the resulting anxiety

Answer 53

Reaction formation

Question 54

Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to others .

Answer 54

Projection

Question 55

When anxious, individuals can place their feelings not on an object or person who may be dangerous but on those who may be safe.

Answer 55

Displacement

Question 56

is the modification of a drive (usually sexual or aggressive) into acceptable social behavior.

Answer 56

Sublimation

Question 57

To explain away a poor performance, a failure, or a loss, people may make excuses to lessen their anxiety and soften the disappointment.

Answer 57

Rationalization

Question 58

To revert to a previous stage of development.

Answer 58

Regression

Question 59

Faced with stress, individuals may use previously appropriate but now immature behaviors.

Answer 59

Regression

Question 60

taking on the characteristics of others, people can reduce their anxiety as well as other negative feelings.

Answer 60

Identification

Question 61

Emotional issues are not dealt with directly but rather are handled indirectly through abstract thought.

Answer 61

Intellectualization

Question 62

Psychoanalytical Approaches to Treatment • Value of insights into ___

Answer 62

unconscious motivations

Question 63

Psychoanalytical Approaches to Treatment • Concentrate on understanding

Answer 63

unconscious material.

Question 64

____ is achieved through analysis of childhood experiences that are reconstructed, interpreted, and analyzed.

Answer 64

Self-understanding

Question 65

Assessment: • Some psychoanalysts may use:

Answer 65

A. Family and social history B. Trial analysis C. Projective tests

Question 66

Techniques in psychotherapy

Answer 66

Free association Neutrality and Empathy Resistance Interpretation

Question 67

- to relate everything of which they are aware, unconscious material arises for the analyst to examine. The content of free association may be bodily sensations, feelings, fantasies, thoughts, memories, recent events, and theanalysis

Answer 67

• Free Association

Question 68

The analyst wants the patient to be able to free-associate to materials that are affected as little as possible by aspects of the analyst that are extraneous to the patient.

Answer 68

Neutrality and Empathy

Question 69

When analysts do disclose about themselves, they think carefully about the impact of this disclosure on the patient.

Answer 69

Neutrality and Empathy

Question 70

• By understanding the patient’s feelings and encouraging free association rather than responding directly to the patient’s feelings, the analyst allows a transference relationship (feelings about the analyst) to develop.

Answer 70

Neutrality and Empathy

Question 71

By understanding the patient’s feelings and encouraging free association rather than responding directly to the patient’s feelings, the analyst allows a transference relationship (feelings about the analyst) to develop.

Answer 71

Neutrality and Empathy

Question 72

During the course of analysis or therapy, patients may resist the analytical process, usually unconsciously

Answer 72

Resistance

Question 73

material that arises from free association, dreams, slips of the tongue, symptoms, or transference must be interpreted to the patient.

Answer 73

Interpretation

Question 74

The relationship between patient and analyst is a crucial aspect of psychoanalytic treatment.

Answer 74

Transference

Question 75

refers to the emotional reactions, biases, or perceptions that a therapist may have towards a client, influenced by the therapist's own personal experiences, unconscious feelings, or issues.

Answer 75

Countertransference

Question 76

- Therapists and analysts who follow a relational approach will go beyond the interpretation of countertransference. They are likely to look for issues that affect the therapeutic work.

Answer 76

Relational Response