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AP Psychology > Psychological Disorders and Treatment > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders and Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

excessive anxiety and worry for at least 6 months
-symptoms include difficulty focusing and sleep disturbance

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2
Q

Panic Disorder

A

sudden or repeated episodes of intense fear
-feels like a heart attack or even death
-physical, not predictable

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3
Q

specific phobia

A

persistent irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no real danger

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4
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

fear of being humiliated in front of others
-can be described as extreme shyness

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5
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of being in large crowds because they are afraid they will have a panic attack and not be able to get out of the crowd to seek help

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6
Q

anxiety disorders

A

classified as a psychological disorder only when it becomes distressing or persistent or is characterized by maladaptive behaviors intended to reduce it

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7
Q

examples of anxiety disorders

A
  1. generalized anxiety disorder
  2. panic disorder
  3. specific phobia
  4. social anxiety disorder
  5. agoraphobia
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8
Q

examples of obsessive-compulsive related disorders

A
  1. OCD
  2. Hoarding disorder
  3. body dysmorphic disorder
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9
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

endless cycle of obsessions followed by compulsions (behaviors) to temporarily alleviate the anxiety

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10
Q

Hoarding Disorder

A

persistent difficulty of parting with possessions because of perceived need to save them

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11
Q

body dysmorphic disorder

A

persistent preoccupation with one perceive flaw or defect in their physical appearance
-believe others are staring
-ex. hair pulling, cheek biting, lip biting, mirror checking

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12
Q

example of trauma related disorders

A
  1. PTSD
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13
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

anxiety problem that develops after extremely traumatic events such as, combat, crime, an accident, or natural disaster
-flashback, noise, or vision can trigger this

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14
Q

somatic symptom disorders

A

stress converts into physical symptoms, which have no biological explanation
-symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in functioning

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15
Q

examples of somatic symptom disorders

A
  1. functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)
  2. illness anxiety disorder (hypochondria)
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16
Q

functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)

A

stress converts itself into some physical ailment

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17
Q

illness anxiety disorder (hypochondria)

A

someone who has a physical ailment, but they exaggerate and convince themselves that it is worse
- having a headache and believing it is a brain tumor

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18
Q

dissociative disorders

A

disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment
-break from reality

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19
Q

examples of dissociative disorders

A
  1. dissociative amnesia
  2. DID
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20
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

loss of memory with no known physical reason
-most often a result of something traumatic like a form of abuse

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21
Q

dissociative Identity disorder

A

-development of separate, distinct identities

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22
Q

examples of bipolar and depressive disorders

A
  1. major depressive disorder
  2. seasonal affective disorder
  3. bipolar disorder
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23
Q

major depressive disorder

A

-depressed mood most of the day and a loss of interest in daily activities
-must occur for two weeks

24
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

depression that occurs in winter time due to lack of sunlight
-messes up circadian rhythm (24 hour clock ) because it is darker longer

25
Q

bipolar disorder

A

have depressed episodes and then mania episodes
-mania = crazy levels of happiness and impulsive thinking, can lead to substance abuse
-long lasting, depressive episodes can last at least 2 weeks and manic episodes at least 1 week

26
Q

schizophrenia

A

positive symptoms
-hallucinations
-disillusions
negative symptoms
-flat “affect” = no emotion or facial expressions
cognitive
-trouble focusing or paying attention

27
Q

genetic link to schizophrenia

A

there is a genetic link but it is not a gurantee, as it shows there needs to be an environmental trigger to spark it

28
Q

environmental explanation for schizophrenia

A

can occur due to an envitonmental trauma
can also occur to baby if mother is exposed to increased amounts of stress while fetus is in the womb

29
Q

dopamine hypothesis

A

schizophrenia can occur if there is too much dopamine
people with schizophrenia also have enlarged ventricles

30
Q

examples of personality disorders

A
  1. narcissistic
  2. histrionic
  3. borderline
  4. antisocial
31
Q

narcissistic

A

-grandiose sense of importance
-think they are superior all of the time

32
Q

histrionic

A

self-centered, need to be center of attention, may flirt inappropriately, or tell inappropriate jokes
-ex. michael scott

33
Q

borderline

A

-unstable relationships
-fear of being abandoned
-might self-harm
-explosive anger
-unstable self-image

33
Q

antisocial

A

-lack of empathy
-disregard for right and wrong
-use charm in order to manipulate
- does not care who they
manipulate

34
Q

biopsychosocial approach

A

-take a little from each one
1. mind
2. body
3. environment

35
Q

Freud’s treatment plan

A

-patient lies on couch without therapist in sight
-free association
-dream interpretation

36
Q

free association

A

first thing that comes to mind (patient says) in order to get to conflict

37
Q

dream interpretation

A

2 parts to dream
1. latent content (good stuff)
2. manifest content (everyday stuff)

38
Q

problems with psychoanalysis treatment plan

A
  1. resistance (pateint)
  2. transference (patient places feelings from someone else onto the therapist
39
Q

biological approach

A

-drug therapy
-surgeries and procedures

40
Q

anti-anxiety meds

A

-mimics effects of GABA
ex. xanax and valium

41
Q

anti-psychotic

A

-schizophrenia
-decreases dopamine levels in the brain
-side effect = tardive dyskinesia (tremmors)

42
Q

mood stabilizers

A

-bipolar disorder
ex. lithium

43
Q

anti-depressents

A

-depressive disorders
-SSRIs (block re uptake of serotonin)

44
Q

ECT procedure

A

-eclectro compulsive therapy
-shock therapy

45
Q

TMS procedure

A

-trans cranial magnetic stimulation
-places magnets in the brain to stimulate the pleasure center

46
Q

deep brain stimulation procedure

A

-implant electrode in brain to connect to pacemakers
-stimulates the pleasure center

47
Q

Humanist approach

A

-maslow and rodgers
-client-centered therapy
-encourages use of therapeutic environment
-unconditional positive regard
-active listening (can get annoying)

48
Q

behavioral approach

A

-tries to make learned behavior unlearned

49
Q

systematic desensitization

A

-behavioral treatment
-slowly expose the patient to whatever is causing fear
-can take a while

50
Q

exposure therapy

A

-behavioral treatment
-flooding

51
Q

token economy

A

-behavioral treatment
-token in exchange for desired behavior
*ex. stickers
-doesn’t work for depression

52
Q

aversion therapy

A

-behavioral treatment
-pair stimulus with aversive stimulus
-ex. give an alcoholic, alcohol with a emetic drug in it, this will then make them associate alcohol with vomit

53
Q

cognitive approach

A

-state the problem is an irrational way of thinking, negative self -talk, rumination, catastrophic (mental illness)
*want to change these thinking patterns

54
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

-Aaron Beck
-has clients recognize their negative thoughts (diaries or journals)
-most used for depression, more effective than drugs

55
Q

rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A

-Albert Ellis
-ABC approach
-wants to change belief aspect
-difference is that this behavior therapy is confrontational

56
Q

ABC approach

A
  1. A = activating event
  2. B = belief
  3. C = consequence

AP Psychology (10 decks)

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