Scientific Foundations of Psych

Question 1

structuralism

Answer 1

-used introspection (idea of looking inward into mental experiences) to determine the underlying structures of the mind

Question 2

functionalism

Answer 2

-need to analyze the purpose of behavior

Question 3

mary calkins

Answer 3

first female president of APA

Question 4

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 4

-1st female PhD

Question 5

Dorothea Dix

Answer 5

reformed mental institutions in the US

Question 6

Stanley Hall

Answer 6

1st president of APA 1st journal

Question 7

William James

Answer 7

Father of American Psychology - functionalist

Question 8

basic research

Answer 8

purpose is to increase knowledge (rats)

Question 9

applied research

Answer 9

purpose is to help people

Question 10

quasi-experimental design

Answer 10

random assignment to conditions is impossible (can’t randomly assign gender)

Question 11

confound

Answer 11

error or flaw in a study

Question 12

random assignment

Answer 12

assigns participants to either control or experimental group at random
-increase chance of equal representation among groups

Question 13

random sample (selection)

Answer 13

method for choosing participants for your study
-everyone has a chance to participate
-increases generalization

Question 14

stratified sampling

Answer 14

if you need to ensure a representative sample, you can separate your population before you sample (make sure to get 80% women and 20% men)

Question 15

inferential statistics

Answer 15

establishes signifigance (meaningfulness)

Question 16

statistical significance

Answer 16

results are not due to chance