How many sessions is CBT?
between 5-20 session
What is the aim in CBT?
To help patients identify their irrational thoughts and try to change them
How are irrational beliefs challenged in CBT?
Through argument/discussion on how likely the beliefs are to be true, and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities
How does CBT help? (3)
- Helps make sense of delusions & hallucinations
- Offers psychological explanations for delusions and hallucinations; thus reducing anxiety
- Challenges delusions; allowing patients to come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality
Describe Family Therapy
takes place with the whole family as some therapists believe psychological explanations are the root cause of Sz
What are the aims of Family Therapy?
- Improving the quality of family communication
- Reduce levels of Expressed Emotion
- Reduce the likelihood of a relapse and a re-admission to a hospital
Who identified strategies to help Family Therapy?
Pharoh et al
What are the 5 strategies of Family Therapy?
1) Forming a therapeutic alliance w/ all family members
2) Reducing the stress of caring for a relative with Sz
3) Improving the family’s ability to anticipate & solve problems
4) Helping family members achieve a balance between caring & their own lives
5) Reduce anger and guilt in family members
Define Token Economies
A rewards system used to manage an Sz patient’s behaviour by challenging maladaptive behaviours.
How do Token Economies help?
Improves a patient’s quality of life, making it more likely that they can live outside a hospital setting
How are tokens used when treating Sz?
Give an Example.
Tokens are given immediately once a desirable behaviour is carried out to reinforce the behaviour.
E.G. a coloured disk given to a patient once they make their bed
What is Delay Discounting?
When there is a reduced effect of the reward as it was not given immediately once a desirable behaviour was carried out
How are rewards used when treating Sz?
Tokens can be swapped for tangible rewards. This allows the patient to learn that tokens have value as with them they can obtain rewards like sweets and magazines
What are Rewards based on in terms of Token Economy?
Rewards are based on operant conditioning; tokens are secondary reinforcements
