Diagnosis and Classification AO1 & AO3 Flashcards Preview

AQA A-Level Psychology Paper 3 Schizophrenia > Diagnosis and Classification AO1 & AO3 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Diagnosis and Classification AO1 & AO3 Deck (14)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are the 2 types of classification?

A

ICD-10

DSM-5

2
Q

What does the DSM-5 require for a diagnosis of Sz?

A

One positive symptom of Sz

3
Q

What does the ICD-10 require for a diagnosis of Sz?

A

2 or more negative symptoms of Sz

4
Q

What classification recognises subtypes of Sz?

A

ICD-10

5
Q

What are the positive symptoms of Sz?

A

additional experiences beyond those of ordinary experience

E.g. Hallucinations, Delusions

6
Q

What are negative symptoms?

A

Involve the loss of a usual experience eg. clear thinking or normal levels of motivation

  • Avolition - Speech Poverty
7
Q

Define Hallucinations

Give 2 examples of hallucinations

A

unusual sensory experiences - may have relations to events in the environment but not always

E.G. hearing voices talking to/commenting on the sufferer, distorted facial expressions

8
Q

Define Delusions

Give 2 examples

A

Irrational beliefs that take on any form

E.G. believing they are being persecuted, believing they are a historical/religious figure

9
Q

What can some delusions lead to?

A

aggression

10
Q

Define Avolition

A

Finding it difficult to begin or keep up with goal-directed activity

11
Q

What are the 3 signs of avolition according to Andereason?

A

1) Poor Hygiene/Grooming
2) Lack of persistence at work
3) Lack of energy

12
Q

Define Speech Poverty

A

Changes in speech patterns - reduction in amount and quality of speech

13
Q

Why does the diagnosis of Sz have poor reliability?

A

Cheniaux concluded that inter-rater reliability was poor b/c they found that one psychiatrist diagnosed 26 people with the DSM and 44 using ICD, while the other diagnosed 13 using DSM and 24 using ICD

So diagnosis relies heavily on interpretation of the psychiatrist so poor reliability

14
Q

How are there cultural biases in the diagnosis and classification of Sz?

A

In other cultures, like African ones, hearing voices may be considered as normal b/c of the cultural belief in communicating with ancestors.
This can led to irrational reports of experiences from psychiatrists, especially since it is also thought that White psychiatrists often distrust the honesty of black people during diagnosis