PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Question 1

statistical infrequency

Answer 1

according to statistical definition any relatively unusual behaviour that can be thought of un normal. eg. IQ.

Question 2

deviation from social norms

Answer 2

behaviours that are different from the accepted norms of society. eg. APD

Question 3

failure to function adequately

Answer 3

unable to cope with ordinary demands of day to day living

Question 4

deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 4

Jahoda

• no distress
• perceive ourselves accurately
• self actualise
• realistic view of world
• indenpendent
• successfully work and love

Question 5

3 types of phobia

Answer 5

specific, social and agoraphobia

Question 6

behavioural characteristics of phobia

Answer 6

avoidance, panic and endurance

Question 7

emotional characteristics of phobias

Answer 7

anxiety and fear

Question 8

cognitive characteristics of phobias

Answer 8

selective attention, irrational beliefs and cognitive distortions.

Question 9

phobias definition

Answer 9

a irrational fear of an object or situation

Question 10

OCD definition

Answer 10

obsessions and compulsions .

Question 11

behavioural characteristics of OCD

Answer 11

repetitive compulsions that reduce anxiety, avoidance

Question 12

emotional characteristics of OCD

Answer 12

anxiety, guilt and depression

Question 13

cognitive characteristics of OCD

Answer 13

obsessions, cognitive coping strategies

Question 14

behavioural explaining phobias

Answer 14

two process model; acquisition by classical conditioning and maintenance by operant conditioning.

Question 15

AO3 for behavioural explanation for phobias

Answer 15

real world app for treatments
doesn’t talk cognitive aspects for phobias
link between bad experiences and phobias supported by study dentist phobias

Question 16

Behavioural approach to treating phobias

Answer 16

systematic desensitisation and flooding

Question 17

systematic desensitisation

Answer 17

gradually reduced anxiety through classical conditioning. counterconditioning. 1. anxiety hierarchy 2. relaxation 3. exposure

Question 18

flooding

Answer 18

immediate exposure to a very frightening situation

Question 19

AO3 systematic desensitisation

Answer 19

evidence of effectiveness GILROY SD group were less fearlful than control group

people with learning difficualties people don’t like other methods so this is more appropriate.

Question 20

AO3 flooding

Answer 20

cost effective

traumatic

Question 21

biological approach to explaining OCD

Answer 21

genetic + neural (serotonin)

Question 22

genetic OCD

Answer 22

LEWIS 37% had parents with OCD and 21% had siblings .

Polygenic not just one gene 230 different genes. One group of genes may cause one type of OCD.

Question 23

Neural OCD

Answer 23

low levels of seretonin which is mood regulating transmitter so low moods. Less is released. Frontal lobe responsible for decision making abnormal functioning.

Question 24

A03 genetic explanation OCD

Answer 24

support NESTADT reviewed twins and found68% Concordance rate of MZ and 31% of DZ.
Ignores the environmental affect.

Question 25

Biological approach to treating OCD

Answer 25

SSRIS. Seretonin is released by presynaptic neurone. SRRIS prevent the reuptake of serotonin so increase levels in the synapse. Combo with cbt most effective. Tricylics and SNRIS.

Question 26

AO3 biological approach to treating OCD

Answer 26

effectiveness - SOOMRO SSRIS more effective than placebo 70% of people symptoms reduce. Cost effective side effects:indigestion, loss of sex drive and blurred vision.

Question 27

statistical infrequency AO3

Answer 27

- real world application clinical practice | - unusual may be positive

Question 28

deviation from social norms AO3

Answer 28

- real world app clinical practice | - cultural and situational diff

Question 29

failure to function AO3

Answer 29

- Threshold for help | - descrimination and social control

Question 30

deviation from ideal mental health AO3

Answer 30

- comprehensive - culture bound - high standards

Question 31

who proposed the two process model

Answer 31

mowrer

Question 32

acquisition by classical conditioning evidence

Answer 32

Watson+Rayner Little Albert

Question 33

little Albert

Answer 33

created a phobia of rats through having a loud noise when in contact with rat so associated noise with rat

Question 34

maintenance through operant conditioning

Answer 34

when u avoid a situation as its unpleasant results In desirable consequence so repeated

Question 35

AO3 of two process model

Answer 35

- real world application - cognitive aspects of phobias - phobias and traumatic experiences

Question 36

real world application of TPM

Answer 36

exposure therapies. Flooding so identifies means of treating phobias.

Question 37

cognitive aspects of phobias TPM

Answer 37

TPM doesn't account for cognitive aspects eg. irrational beliefs

Question 38

Ad De Jongh TPM

Answer 38

found 73% of people with a fear of dental treatment had experienced a traumatic experience whereas the control group with low dental anxiety 21% had experienced a traumatic event

Question 39

systematic desensitisation steps

Answer 39

1. anxiety hierarchy 2. relaxation 3. exposure

Question 40

flooding

Answer 40

immediate exposure to frightening situation

Question 41

how flooding works

Answer 41

client quickly learns the phobic stimulus is harmless. The conditioned stimulus is encountered without the unconditioned stimulus so it no longer produces the conditioned response

Question 42

systematic desentistion AO3

Answer 42

- effectiveness | - used with learning disabilities struggle with CBT

Question 43

Gilroy study SD

Answer 43

42 people with spider phobia in 3 sessions the SD group were less fearful than control group

Question 44

Flooding AO3

Answer 44

- cost effective | - traumatic