Psychosocial Factors

Question 1

Psychological aspects of psychosocial care

Answer 1

emotions, thoughts, attitudes, motivation, and behavior

Question 2

Social aspects of psychosocial care

Answer 2

relationships, living arrangements, identity, and interactions with the environment

Question 3

• Psychosocial Approach
  
  • Incorporates a persons

Answer 3

Mental state
Social surrounding
To understand their influence on physical and mental health outcomes

Question 4

Stress

Answer 4

A physical or psychological response to an environmental event.

Arises when demands exceed the individual’s capacity to cope.

Question 5

• Positive Role of Stress

Answer 5

Stimulate growth and development when managed effectively.

Question 6

• General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Theory
  
  • Alarm Reaction

Answer 6

initial response (Call to arms)

Question 7

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Theory
Resistance

Answer 7

body adapts and resists stressors

Question 8

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Theory
Exhaustion

Answer 8

the body ability to cope diminishes

Question 9

• Physiological Effects of Stress
  
  • Fight or Flight

Answer 9

↓ GI metabolism
↑ BP
↑ HR
↑ RR (—> hyperventilation)
Suppressed immune function

Question 10

Physiological Effects of Stress
Hormonal Responses

Answer 10

Hypothalamus > pituitary> adrenal> cortisol release

Question 11

• Alarm Reaction, the body’s defenses are mobilized by activation of the

Answer 11

hypothalamus, sympathetic nervous system, and adrenal glands

Signs: Fight or flight

Question 12

• Resistancehormonal levels are

Answer 12

elevated, and essential body systems operate at peak performance

Signs: irritability, frustration, and poor concentration

Question 13

• Exhaustionthe body is unable to

Answer 13

respond further or is damaged by the increased demands

• Signs: fatigue, burnout, depression, anxiety and decreased stress tolerance.

Question 14

Acute Sx of Stress

Answer 14

Irritability, anxiety, heart pounding, dry mouth, emotional instability, migraines, bruxism.

Question 15

Chronic symptoms of stress
CV

Answer 15

Hypertension, cholesterol, imbalance, CVA

Question 16

Chronic symptoms of stress
GI

Answer 16

Ulcers, colitis

Question 17

Chronic symptoms of stress
Respiratory

Answer 17

asthma attacks

Question 18

Chronic symptoms of stress
Endocrine

Answer 18

Prediabetic stacks

Question 19

Chronic symptoms of stress
Immune and Oncological

Answer 19

Herpes, exacerbation of MS or RA

Question 20

• Psychosocial Adaptation to Illness and Disability
  
  • Disability

Answer 20

Loss or limitation in performing socially expected roles.

Question 21

Psychosocial Adaptation to Illness and Disability
-Adaptation

Answer 21

An evolving, dynamic process to reach optimal function within one’s environment.

Question 22

• Phase Model of Adaptation
  
  • Phases often include

Answer 22

Shock
Anxiety
Denial
Depression
Anger (internal/external)
Acknowledgement
Adjustment

Question 23

Phase Model of Adaptation
2 Theories

Answer 23

Adaptation occurs as a set of independent behavior

Adaptation occurs as progressive psychological phases.

Question 24

Our Role as PT

Answer 24

Recognize emotional reactions (grief, depression, denial).

Use relaxation techniques (deep breathing)

Educate patients about their conditions and expectations.

Prepare patients for reintegration into daily life.

Question 25

Adjustment to Adaptation

Answer 25

Extent and mode of injury or illness Timing and prognosis Brain involvement (central processing, if affected) Patient support system Personal perception

Question 26

PTSD Triple Vulnerability Model

Answer 26

Biological predisposition General psychological vulnerability (past loss of control) Specific psychological associations (trauma-linked situations)

Question 27

Strategies to Enhance the Psychological Healing Process: The Physical Therapist’s Role

Answer 27

Practice empathy and self-awareness Include the patient in treatment planning Support the patient’s hope and autonomy Encourage gradual return to activities that bring joy Establish a therapeutic alliance for improved outcomes

Question 28

PTSD Symptoms Re experiencing

Answer 28

nightmares, flashbacks Frightening thoughts. Re-experiencing Sx may cause problems in a person’s everyday routine.

Question 29

PTSD Symtpoms Avoidance

Answer 29

numbing of emotions, detachment Staying away from places, events, or objects that are reminders Feeling emotionally numb Feeling strong guilt, depression, or worry Losing interest in activities that were enjoyable in the past Having trouble remembering the dangerous event. Things that remind a person of the traumatic event

Question 30

PTSD Symptoms Hyperarousal

Answer 30

Insomnia, anger, exaggerated startle response. Anxiety Being easily startled Feeling tense or “on edge” Having difficulty sleeping, and/or having angry outbursts.

Question 31

PTSD Management and Treatment

Answer 31

Behavior therapy Relaxation techniques Re-engagement in meaningful activities; e.g., Mind-Body Relationship