PSYCHOSOCIAL FINALS Flashcards by KENITH V. LAGO

The sensory process involves two components

reception and perception

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the process of receiving stimuli or data.

Sensory reception

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what stimuli can be both internal and external

Gustatory stimuli

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refers to awareness of the position and movement of body parts.

Kinesthetic

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the ability to perceive and understand an object through touch by its size, shape, and texture.

stereognosis

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involves the conscious
organization and translation of the data or stimuli into meaningful information

Sensory perception

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four aspects
of the sensory process

Stimulus
Receptor
Impulse conduction
Perception

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an agent or act that stimulates a nerve receptor.

Stimulus

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A nerve cell converting the stimulus to a nerve impulse

Receptor

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travels along nerve pathways either to the spinal cord or directly to the brain

Impulse conduction

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this is the awareness and interpretation of stimuli and takes place in the brain, where specialized brain cells interpret the nature and quality of the sensory stimuli

Perception

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For the person to receive and interpret stimuli, the brain must be alert, also referred to as

arousal

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is responsible for arousal and wakefulness.

reticular excitatory area (REA)

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the term used to describe the state in which a person is in optimal arousal.

Sensoristasis

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the ability to perceive internal and external stimuli, and to respond appropriately through thought and action

Awareness

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occurs when a person is unable to process or manage the amount or intensity of sensory stimuli.

Sensory Overload

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is impaired reception, perception, or both, of
one or more of the senses. Blindness and deafness are examples

Sensory Deficits

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is critical to any evaluation of the sensory-perceptual
process.

Mental status

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inability to remember or recall bits of infor
mation or behavior skills

Impaired Memory:

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Appropriate nursing activities for sensory functioning

Cognitive Stimulation

Communication: Enhancement: Hearing
Enhancement: Speech
Enhancement: Visual

Nutrition Management
Environmental Management:
Safety
Fall Prevention

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Preventing Sensory Overload include

Dark glasses with UV protection

Earplugs reduce auditory stimuli,

keeping the dressing dry and clean

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Preventing Sensory Deprivation interventions

newspapers, books, music, and television can stimulate the visual and
auditory senses

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acute confusion

delirium

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chronic confusion

dementia

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one’s mental image of oneself.

Self-concept

four dimensions of self-concept:

Self-knowledge Self-expectation Social self Social evaluation:

refers to the relationship between one’s perception of himself or herself and others’ perceptions of him or her.

Self-awareness

refers to the collective beliefs and images one holds about oneself.

global self

how a person perceives the size, appearance, and functioning of the body and its parts

body image

the individual’s perception of how one should behave based on certain personal standards, aspirations, goals, and values.

ideal self

four components of self-concept are

personal identity, body image, role performance self-esteem

the conscious sense of individuality and unique ness that is continually evolving throughout life

Personal identity

are made to feel unsuited to a role.

role strain

arise from opposing or incompatible expectations.

Role conflicts

one’s judgment of one’s own worth, that is, how that person’s standards and performances compare to others’

Self-esteem

how a person in a particular role behaves in comparison to the behaviors expected of that role

Role performance

means that the person’s behaviors meet role expectations.

Role mastery

involves socialization into a particular role.

Role development

occurs when expectations are unclear, and people do not know what to do or how to do it

Role ambiguity

When assessing self-concept, the information the nurse first needs is about the

client’s personal identity

questions to determine a client’s self-esteem

* Are you satisfied with your life? * How do you feel about yourself? * Are you accomplishing what you want? * What goals in life are important to you

Three of the NANDA nursing diagnostic labels relating specifically to SELF CONCEPT

Disturbed Body Image Ineffective Role Performance Chronic Low Self-Esteem (and Risk for)

Nursing interventions to promote or enhance a positive self-concept include

Identifying Areas of Strength

is one’s self-image as a female or male.

Gender identity

the outward expression of a person’s sense of maleness or femaleness as well as the expression of what is perceived as gender-appropriate behavior

Gender-role behavior

the belief that most characteristics and behaviors are human qualities that should not be limited to one gender

Androgyny

One’s attraction to people of the same sex, other sex, or both sexes is referred to as

sexual orientation

The response cycle starts in the brain, with conscious sexual desires called the

desire phase

the thought of sexual activity, which then leads to a phobic avoidance of sex.

Sexual aversion disorder

pain during or immediately after intercourse.

dyspareunia

Nurses require six basic skills to help clients in the area of sexuality

* Self-knowledge and comfort with sexuality * Acceptance of sexuality * Knowledge of sexual growth * Knowledge of basic sexuality * Therapeutic communication skills * Ability to recognize the need for all clients and family members to have the topic of sexuality

refer to the human tendency to seek meaning and purpose in life, inner peace and acceptance

spirituality

applied to ritualistic practices and organized beliefs

religion

a person who doubts the existence of God

agnostic

one without belief in a deity

atheist

“a disturbance in the belief or value system that provides strength,

Spiritual distress

refers to the spiritual beliefs or ways of thinking that help people cope with their challenges.

religious coping,

act of focusing one’s thoughts or engaging in self-reflection or contemplation.

Meditation

acronym to ask ab spirituality

FICA

meaning of FICA

Faith Implications Community Address

term describing the art of being present, or just being with a client during an “existential moment”

Presencing

a condition in which an individual experiences changes in the normal balanced state

Stress

any event or stimulus that causes an individual to experience stress

stressor

Sources of Stress

Internal stressors External stressors Developmental stressors Situational stressors

Three main models of stress

stimulus based, response based, transaction based

a stimulus, a life event, or a set of circumstances that arouses physiological and/or psychological reactions

stimulus-based stress models

a chain or pattern of physiological events

general adaptation syndrome (GAS) or stress syndrome.

The initial reaction of the body is the

alarm reaction,

third stage,_____, the adaptation that the body made during the second stage cannot be maintained.

the stage of exhaustion

second stage in the GAS and LAS syndromes

stage of resistance

a state of mental uneasiness, apprehension, dread, or a feeling of helplessness

anxiety

an emotion or feeling of apprehension aroused by impending or seeming danger, pain, or another perceived threat.

Fear

unconscious psychological adaptive mechanisms or, that develop as the personality attempts to defend itself,

Ego defense mechanisms

arrangement or manipulation of a situation so threatening events do not occur

Structuring

may be described as dealing with change

COPING

an acute, time-limited state of disequilibrium resulting from situational, developmental, or societal sources of stress

crisis

a short-term helping process of assisting clients to (a) work through a crisis to its resolution and (b) restore their precrisis level of functioning

Crisis intervention

is experienced by one person but cannot be verified by others.

perceived loss

is experienced before the loss actually occurs

anticipatory loss

total response to the emotional experience related to loss

Grief

the subjective response experienced by the surviving loved ones

Bereavement

is the behavioral process through which grief is eventually resolved or altered

Mourning

Stages of Grieving

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

the client is not made aware of impending death

closed awareness,

the client, family, and health care personnel do not talk about it and make an effort not to raise the subject

mutual pretense

PSYCHOSOCIAL FINALS Flashcards

(85 cards)