Pterygopalatine Fossa & Palate

Question 1

Pterygomaxillary fissure serves as the communicating barrier of

Answer 1

infratemporal & pterygopalatine fossa

Question 2

Bony boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 2

nasal cavity (superiorly), orbit (laterally) & infratemporal fossa (inferiorly)

Question 3

Regions of the head that the pterygopalatine fossa communicates w/

Answer 3

Nasal cavity superiorly, orbita laterally & infratemporal fossa inferiorly

Question 4

What artery & 2 nerves enter the pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 4

CN V2, CN VII, maxillary artery

Question 5

Openings for the following walls in the pterygopalatine fossa: anterior
posterior
superior
lateral
inferior

Answer 5

• Anterior wall: inferior orbital fissure
• Posterior wall: foramen rotundum (most lateral opening), pterygoid canal, pharyngeal canal
• Superior wall: sphenopalatine foramen
• Lateral wall: pterygomaxillary fissure
• Inferior wall: palatine canal

Question 6

Branches of the 3 portion of the maxillary artery

Answer 6

• Posterior superior alveolar artery
• Infraorbital artery
• Descending palatine artery
• Sphenopalatine artery
• Pharyngeal artery
• anterior of pterygoid canal

Question 7

What do each of the branches of the third portion of the maxillary artery travel through to leave the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 7

• Posterior superior alveolar artery
  Goes out into infratemporal fossa around posterior wall of maxilla & enters posterior superior alveolar foramen
• Infraorbital artery
  Enters orbit through infraorbital fissure
• Descending palatine artery
  Later splits into lesser & greater palatine arteries
• Sphenopalatine artery
  Enters nasal cavity through sphenopalatine foramen
• Pharyngeal artery
  Goes through pharynx through pharyngeal canal
• Anterior of pterygoid canal
  Goes back through pterygoid canal, foramen lacerum, & goes into pharynx

Question 8

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve? (8) What do 2 of these branch into?

Answer 8

• Zygomatic nerve
  —Branches into Zygomaticotemporal nerve & zygomaticofacial nerve
• Infraorbital nerve
  —Branches into middle superior alveolar nerve & anterior superior alveolar nerve
• Posterior superior alveolar nerve
• Greater palatine nerve
• Lesser palatine nerve
• Pharyngeal nerve
• Nasopalatine & lateral nasal nerve

Question 9

What opening do the branches of the maxillary nerve travel through to leave the fossa?

Answer 9

• Zygomatic nerve
  Exits through infraorbital foramen
• Infraorbital nerve
  Exits through infraorbital foramen
• Posterior superior alveolar nerve
  Goes through pterygomaxillary fissure
• Greater palatine nerve
  Goes through greater palatine foramen
• Lesser palatine nerve
  Goes through lesser palatine foramen
• Pharyngeal nerve
  Goes through pharyngeal canal
• Nasopalatine & lateral nasal nerve
  Goes through sphenopalatine foramen

Question 10

Path for preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fiber from CN VII to pterygopalatine ganglion

Answer 10

Greater petrosal nerve (branches off facial nerve) → breaks through temporal bone through petrous part → descends in middle cranial cavity toward foramen lacerum (to opening of pterygoid canal) → Synapses in the pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 11

Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers are distributed as their own branches or w/ branches of

Answer 11

Maxillary nerve

Question 12

Pharyngeal gland is supplied by

Answer 12

Pharyngeal nerve

Question 13

Nasal mucosa is supplied by

Answer 13

Nasopalatine nerve & lateral nasal nerves

Question 14

Lacrimal glands are supplied by

Answer 14

Infraorbital nerve & zygomaticotemporal nerve

Question 15

Oral cavity & oral mucosa are supplied by

Answer 15

Infraorbital nerve & posterior superior alveolar nerve

Question 16

Palatine glands are supplied by

Answer 16

Palatine n. & a.

Question 17

Sympathetic innervation for head viscera comes in the form of

Answer 17

deep petrosal nerve

Question 18

What are the surface structures of the hard palate?

Answer 18

Hard palate on most anterior aspect
Soft palate on most posterior aspect

Question 19

Bone of the hard palate

Answer 19

Palatine process of maxilla

Question 20

Foramen of the hard palate

Answer 20

Contains the incisive foramen (on anterior aspect), greater palatine foramen & lesser palatine foramen (on posterior aspect)

Question 21

Define palatine torus

Answer 21

outgrowth on palate

Question 22

What are the palatal arches & what muscle is within each?

Answer 22

Anterior arch - underlaid by palatoglossal muscle
Posterior arch - underlied by palatopharyngeal muscle

Question 23

Origin, insertion, & action of tensory veli palatini muscle

Answer 23

Origin: Scaphoid fossa of pterygoid process, spine of sphenoid bone, & sembranous wall of auditory tube

Insertion: Palatine aponeurosis

Action: Opens pharyngotympanic tube, tenses palatine aponeurosis

Question 24

Origin, insertion, & action of levator veli palatini muscle

Answer 24

Origin: Petrous part of temporal bone, inferior/cartilaginous part of auditory tube

Insertion: Palatine aponeurosis

Action: Elevates soft palate during swallowing

Question 25

Origin, insertion, & action of palatoglossus muscle

Answer 25

Origin: Inferior surface of palatine aponeurosis Insertion: Posterolateral surface of the tongue Action: Elevates posterior portion of tongue

Question 26

Origin, insertion, & action of palatopharyngeus muscle

Answer 26

Origin: Posterior border of hard palate & palatine aponeurosis Insertion: Posterior border of thyroid cartilage Action: Elevates pharynx superiorly, anteriorly & medially

Question 27

Origin, insertion, & action of uvulae muscle

Answer 27

Origin: Palatine aponeurosis & nasal spine Insertion: Uvula Action: shortens the uvula

Question 28

What are the extrinsic & intrinsic muscles of the soft palate?

Answer 28

Extrinsic: Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini Palatoglossus Palatopharyngeus Intrinsic: Uvulae

Question 29

The ___ acts as a pulley for the tensor veli palatini muscle

Answer 29

pterygoid hamulus

Question 30

What are the 3 sensory nerves of the hard & soft palate?

Answer 30

Greater palatine nerve Nasopalatine nerve Lesser palatine nerve

Question 31

Name the two branches of the maxillary artery that supply the palate and their general area of distribution

Answer 31

Greater palatine artery supplies the hard palate Lesser palatine artery supplies the soft palate

Question 32

Name the branch of the facial artery that supplies the palate and its general area of distribution

Answer 32

Ascending palatine artery supplies the soft palate

Question 33

Location of the palatine tonsils

Answer 33

lateral oropharynx

Question 34

Label

Answer 34

1. Incisive foramen 2. Greater palatine foramen 3. Lesser palatine foramen

Question 35

Label

Answer 35

1. Lateral nasal n 2. Pharyngeal n 3. greater palatine n 4. Leser palatine n

Question 36

Label

Answer 36

1. Maxillary n 2. Zygomatic n 3. Posterior superior alveolar n 4. middle superior alveolar n 5. zygomaticotemporal n 6. zygomaticofacial n 7. anterior superior alveolar n

Question 37

Label

Answer 37

1. greater petrosal n 2. deep petrosal n 3. nerve of pterygoid canal 4. pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 38

Label

Answer 38

1. Tensor veli palatini m 2. Uvulae m 3. Palatoglossus m 4. Palatopharyngeus m 5. Levator veli palatini m

Question 39

Label

Answer 39

1. Greater palatine a 2. Lesser palatine a 3. Sphenopalatine a