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Phys 2 Exam 3 👉🏼👌🏼 > Puberty 🤦🏼‍♀️ > Flashcards

Puberty 🤦🏼‍♀️ Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

When is girls growth spurt complete

A

menarche

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2
Q

Female genital tract, no functional gonads, short stature, amenorrhea

A

Turner’s Syndrome (XO)

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3
Q

Klinefelter’s Syndrome (47,XXY) treatment

A

GH first then supplemental sex steroids

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4
Q

sperm production and ejaculatory capability are developed around _________ years old

A
  1. 5-13.7

* *******

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5
Q

Anosmia 👃🏽🚫

A

Kallman’s Syndrome

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6
Q

Can ovaries develop with just one X chromosome?

A

No, need two.

XO (Turners) = ovarian dysgenesis

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7
Q

High levels of estrogen can have what affect on stature

A

short 💁🏼‍♀️

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8
Q

Lack of pubertal development, associated with short stature

A

Gondaotropin deficiency

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9
Q

In the presence of testosterone, ________ are transformed into male reproductive tract (epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicles)

A

Wolffian ducts 🐺

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10
Q

XY individuals lacking an SRY gene:

A

no gonads

develops as female 💁🏼‍♀️

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11
Q

What follows pubarche

A

menarche (first menstrual period)

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12
Q

When is adult testicular volume and penile size achieved?

A

16 years old

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13
Q

💁🏼‍♀️In girls, growth spurt begins:

💁🏽‍♂️In boys, growth spirt begins:

A

early puberty

near the end of puberty (almost 2 years later than in girls)

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14
Q

Individuals with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are XX, they have ovaries and internal genitalia, and they have female external genitalia that ______

A

virilizes

enlarged clitoris to penile clitoris
labial folds can appear as empty scrotum (crytochidism)

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15
Q

When is the final height achieved for boys

A

18 years old

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16
Q

Why do female gonads NOT develop into testicles

A

lack SRY gene

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17
Q

Major determinant of pubertal timing is

A

genetic 🧬🧬🧬🧬

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18
Q

Which hormone are important during pubertal growth spurt

A

GH

IGF-1

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19
Q

Puberty may be initiated by a reduction in ____ secretion from the pineal gland

A

melatonin 🌜😴

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20
Q

What is more important than weight in timing of puberty

A

percentage of body fat (16-23.5)

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21
Q

The SRY gene of the Y chromosome makes the ______ which promotes testis differentiation during gestational weeks ____

A

TDF - Testis Determining Factor

gestational weeks 6-7

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22
Q

What is the treatment Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty

A

Surgical tumor removal 🔪

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23
Q

both Wolffian and Müllerian ducts regress

blind-ended vagina and testes

A

complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

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24
Q

What is responsible for pubertal timing?

A

increase in pulsatile GnRH release

first occurs during sleep: increase ratio of LH/FSH release in both sexes that correlates with the onset of early puberty

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25
Most common form of primary testicular failure
Klinefelter's Syndrome (47,XXY)
26
What follows thelarche
pubarche (pubic hair)
27
HYPOgonadotropic Hypogonadism =
Kallman's syndrome
28
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia symptoms due to adrenal or gonadal androgen excess:
acne clitoromegaly hirsutism
29
What is the start of puberty marked by in BOYS 💁🏽‍♂️
gonadarche (increase in testicular size)
30
When does menarche usually occur
by 13th birthday
31
HYPERgonadotropic Hypogonadism =
Turner's Syndrome | Klinefelter's Syndrome
32
What functions to fuse epiphyses towards the end of puberty in both males and females
Estrogen
33
Absence of binding affinity of testosterone to androgen receptors leads to:
complete androgen insensitivity syndrome | testosterone is present, bu the message "can't be read" by the structure
34
How do the Müllerian ducts in males degenerate
testes secrete Müllerian-inhibiting factor
35
primary gonadal failure =
Turner's Syndrome (XO)
36
men have ____ x higher lean body mass, skeletal mass and muscle mass than women women have ____ x body fat
1.5 2
37
Absence of Müllerian-inhibiting factor leads to the development of:
female reproductive tracts | oviducts, uterus
38
If a fetus is lacking an SRY gene, when during gestation do the ovaries develop
week 9
39
What promotes the development of undifferentiated external genitalia along male lines (penis, scrotum)
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
40
What happens to gonadotropin levels at menopause
rise to very high levels
41
What are the three levels of differences between males and females
1. genetic sex 2. gonadal sex 3. phenotypic sex
42
no hormones are needed to cause the development of the external genitalia in females, but growth to normal size does depend on:
Estradiol
43
What is the difference in the first few cycles of menarche
non-ovulatory for first few cycles, no positive feed back by estrogen ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
44
Turner's Syndrome (XO) treatment
GH first then supplemental sex steroids
45
Absence of Testosterone leads to the development of:
undifferentiated external genitalia along female lines (clitoris, labia)
46
Melatonin (inhibits/stimulates) GnRH release
inhibits
47
XY with defective anti-Müllerian hormone production or action
testes, both male and female internal genitalia with male external genitalia
48
XX individuals with SRY translocation
Testes | develops as male 💁🏽‍♂️
49
What is the treatment for Gonadotropin Deficiency
supplemental sex-steroid
50
How do the Wolffian ducts in females degenerate 🐺
absence of testosterone
51
21-hydroxylase deficiency causes excessive _____, which results in ________ of the adrenal cortex and excessive ________
ACTH hyperplasia androgens
52
What is the treatment for complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
iaparoscopic gonadectomy followed by estrogen replacement therapy
53
which hormones are needed to cause the development of the female gonads (ovaries)
NONE only two functional X chromosomes are needed
54
Most common cause of genital ambiguity
21-hydroxylase deficiency
55
complete androgen insensitivity syndrome internal genitalia?
no ovaries no uterus male testis
56
5a-reductase deficiency
testes, male internal genitalia with female-like external genitalia
57
Treatment for Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty
long-acting GnRH agonists
58
What happens if a gonadal female is exposed to high levels of androgens in utero?
external genitalia will differentiate into male-like phenotype
59
What accounts for the most of the difference in stature between boys and girls
longer time for boys to reach puberty
60
Both LH and FSH peak during ____ in life
fetal and infancy
61
What is the difference between Gonadotropin deficiency and primary gonadal failure
Gonadotropin deficiency = deficiency of pulsatile release of gonadotropins primary gonadal failure = low gonadal hormones result in high gonadotropins due to lack of negative feedback
62
What causes Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty
Estrogen-producing ovarian cyst
63
complete androgen insensitivity syndrome is usually diagnosed in infancy due to ______ If not, it is diagnosed at puberty due to _________
inguinal masses primary amenorrhea
64
What is the start of puberty marked by in GIRLS 💁🏼‍♀️
thelarche (breast development)
65
Failure of fetal migration of FnRH neurons to the hypothalamus
Kallman's Syndrome
66
XY with absence of testosterone production or action
testes, no male or female internal genitalia with female-like external genitalia
67
When does LH and FSH oscillate at regular monthly intervals
from puberty to menopause | "reproductive years"
68
Which hormone is associated with a metabolic signal from adipose tissue that may control the onset of puberty
Leptin from obese (ob) gene

Phys 2 Exam 3 👉🏼👌🏼 (5 decks)

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