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Studying > Public Health > Flashcards

Public Health Flashcards

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1
Q

Threats to public health

A

-Infectious disease
-Chronic disease
-Environmental factors

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2
Q

Public health

A

Science and art of preventing disease , prolonging life and promoting health, through the organized efforts of society

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3
Q

Goals of public health

A

-Protection
-Prevention
-Promotion

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4
Q

Physical environmental hazards

A

-Climate change
-Air pollution
-Building materials toxic chemicals
-Water/food contaminants

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5
Q

Social environmental hazards

A

-Dangerous work
-Housing conditions (Over crowding)
-Poor sanitation
-WAR
-Poverty

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6
Q

Incidence

A

New cases over a period of time (Usually one year)

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7
Q

Prevalence

A

How many people have a disease at any given moment

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8
Q

Mortality

A

Number of people who die from specific illness/conditions

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9
Q

Morbidity

A

When you have specific illness/condition

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10
Q

Co-morbidity

A

More than one morbidity at once

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11
Q

Social factors that promote disease

A

-Global travel/trade
-High density farming
-High crowding, high density people
-WAR
-Social media/mistrust of science/misinformation

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12
Q

Isolation

A

Separates sick people who are contagious from healthy people

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13
Q

Reverse-isolation

A

Technique used in hospitals to protect very ill person/weakened immune system from general public

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14
Q

Quarantine

A

Separates and restricts movement of people who were exposed to a contagious disease to see if they get sick

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15
Q

Examples of diseases that result in quarantine

A

-Anthrax
-Diphtheria
-Measles
-Plague
-Covid-19
-Yellow Fever

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16
Q

Examples of diseases in US that federal isolation/quarantine is authorized for

A

-Cholera
-Diphtheria
-Smallpox
-Yellow Fever
-SARS

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17
Q

Endemic

A

Disease that exists permanently in a particular region/population (Eg. Malaria in Africa)

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18
Q

Outbreak

A

Disease occurs in greater numbers than expected in a community/region/season

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19
Q

Epidemic

A

Infectious disease spreads rapidly to many people at about the same time and may spread through one or several communitiesP

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20
Q

Pandemic

A

When an epidemic spreads globally

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21
Q

How fast are pathogens

A

Can travel from remote village to major cities on all continents in 36 hours

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22
Q

Why are we at risk of global pandemics

A

-Development of antimicrobial resistance
-Increased risk of pathogens crossing species barriers
-Ability to spread infectious diseases through global travel/trade
-Acts of bioterrism
-Weak public health infrastructures

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23
Q

How are pandemics classified

A

Strain of virus/pathogen or mode of transmission

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24
Q

Great plague

A

1347-1352

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25
Justinian plague
541 BCE
26
Modern plagues
1860s
27
Cholera
1817
28
Spanish flu
1918-1920
29
Swine flu
2009
30
Plague doctor outfit/purpose
Gown made from heavy fabrics/leather and usually waxed Beak - contained pungent substances like herbs/flowers for smell and to ward off miasma Stick - keep distance from sick
31
Ro of plague
5-7 -Killed 75 million across Europe (40-60% of total population)
32
Ro of cholera
2-3
33
Influenza Ro
1-7 (Depends on strain)
34
Hemagglutinin
Binds to target cells
35
Neuraminidase
Breaks into/out of cell
36
Early version of WHO
1919
37
When was flu shot developped
1940, became popular after swine
38
Universal Influenza Immunization program (UIIP)
Provides free vaccines to population aged 6 months or older
39
Ro of HIV
1-15 (Median 5)
40
When was smallpox eradicated
1980
41
When did WHO launch global campaign to eradicate smallpox
1959
42
New world smallpox
Ro 3.5-6 CFR 30%
43
SARS
Ro 2 CFR 10%
44
Tuberculosis
Ro 1-4 CFR 3%
45
Yrllow fever
Ro 4.8 CFR 20-60%
46
When was tainted blood scandal
1980s
47
What was tainted blood scandal
People exposed to HIV/hepatitis C through blood drives
48
How many people got hepatitis C due to blood scandal
30, 000
49
Purpose of Krever Commission
Investigate tainted blood scandal/bring attention to public eye
50
How did tainted blood scandal occur
-Fail to screen for bloodborne disease -Getting blood from high risk prisons in US -Mixing blood
51
Sickle cell disease
Crescent shaped blood cells (Less oxygen carried in blood, higher fatigue) -Helped prevent malaria -Trait when 50%, disease when 100%
52
Why isn't everyone equally susceptible
-Genetics -Immune system variations -Co-morbidities -Age -Biological gender -Environment/location in world -Social determinants
53
Social determinants of health
-Income/personal protection -Education -Unemployment/job security -Working life conditions -Housing -Early childhood development -Social inclusion -Structural conflict -Access to affordable healthcare of decent quality -Poverty
54
Inequity
Unfair, AVOIDABLE, differences arising from poor government corruption or cultural exclusion (Being an asshole)
55
Inequality
Uneven distribution of health or health resources due to biological factors, lack of resources, other
56
What are indigenous populations at higher risk of and why
Diabetes -Lack of access to nutritional foods -Cultural destruction by colonists creating loss of knowledge of food gathering/preparation
57
What are Mediterranean population at higher risk of
Thalassemia
58
What is more prevalent in African population
Sickle cell amenia
59
What is windsor essex at higher risk of
-Cardiovascular issues -Obesity -Hepatitis C/West Nile/Pertussis virus
60
What does windsor essex have that's SUPERIOR
-Eyecare -Survival for prostate cancer -Food borne illness
61
How does HIV work
HIV has enzyme called reverse transcriptase that lets RNA virus make DNA copies of itself inside host cell and then insert itself into host cell DNA genome (through enzyme called integrase) and runs through lysogenic cycle *HIV is a retrovirus because it can do this *RNA virus does not mean retrovirus
62
Chain of retrovirus
DNA --transcription-- RNA -- *goes back to DNA-- translation -- polypeptides -- protein -- denaturation

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