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Light and Optics Flashcards

1
Q

Speed of Light

A

3.00 x 10e8 m/s

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2
Q

SALT

A

Size
Attitude
Location
Type

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3
Q

Crest

A

Top of wavelength

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4
Q

Amplitude

A

Space between top of wavelength and line of rest

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5
Q

Line of rest

A

The line which the wavelength is being measured

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6
Q

Trough

A

Bottom of wavelength

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7
Q

Node

A

Where wavelength meets line of rest

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8
Q

Luminous

A

Creates own light

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9
Q

Non-luminous

A

Can only reflect light

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10
Q

Incandescence

A

Production of light from something being heated up

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11
Q

Electrical Discharge

A

Light emitted when electric current passes through gas (Creating glow)

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12
Q

Phosphorescence

A

Light produced by slow release of of light energy that is result of UV being absorbed

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13
Q

Fluorescence

A

Immediate release of visible light that is result of UV being absorbed

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14
Q

Chemiluminescent

A

Direct production of light from chem. reaction

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15
Q

Bioluminescent

A

Light in living organism as result of chem. reaction

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16
Q

Triboluminescent

A

Light from crushing/rubbing certain crystals (Friction)

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17
Q

LED

A

Contain semi-conductor that allows energy flow in one direction

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18
Q

Light

A

Fundamental energy that uses electromagnetic waves

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19
Q

Incident ray

A

Light approaching mirror

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20
Q

Light ray

A

Arrow indicates path light takes

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21
Q

Beam

A

Multiple parallel rays

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22
Q

Reflection

A

Bouncing of light energy from surface it was projected on

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23
Q

Laws of reflection

A

Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection
Incident ray/ reflected ray/ normal all on same plane

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24
Q

Reflected ray

A

Ray bounced off reflecting surface

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25
Point of incident
Point where incident ray strikes
26
Normal
Line drawn at a right angle to the surface
27
Angle of incident
Angle between incident ray and normal
27
Angle of reflection
Angle between reflected ray and normal
28
Specular reflection
Parallel beams of light reflected in identical pattern
29
Diffuse reflection
Parallel beams of light reflected in diff. directions
30
Real image
Image that can be formed on a screen as result of light rays actually arrives at image location
31
Virtual image
Image where light doesn't arrive/come from image location
32
Center of Curvature
center of sphere whose surface was used to make mirror
33
Principal axis
Line going through center of mirror
34
Vertex
Where principal axis meets mirror
35
Diverging
Convex
36
Converging
Concave
37
Case 1 SALT
Smaller Inverted Infront, closer to mirror Real
38
Case 2 SALT
Same Inverted Same as object Real
39
Case 3 SALT
Bigger Inverted Further in front of mirror Real
40
Case 4 SALT
No image
41
Case 5 SALT
Bigger Upright Closer behind mirror Virtual
42
Convex SALT
Smaller Upright Behind, closer to mirror Virtual
43
Focus
Where light rays meet after passing through mirror
44
Radiowaves
Oscillation in electric circuits containing inductive/capacitive components
45
Microwaves
Oscillating currents through special tubes and solid state devices
46
Infared
Transitions of outer electrons in atoms/molecules
47
Visible light
High energy transitions of outer electrons in atoms/molecules
48
UV
Even higher transitions of outer electrons in atoms/molecules
49
X-ray
Transition of inner electrons of atoms
50
Gamma rays
Nuclei of atoms
51
LASER
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
52
Properties of laser
-Very intense light -Very pure in color/produces electromagnetic rays of exact same energy levels -Doesn't disperse over long distances
53
Electromagnetic waves
Form of radiation that travel through universe
54
Electromagnetic spectrum
Range of electromagnetic radiation organized by frequency/wavelengths
55
Refraction
Change in direction of light when it passes through one medium to another
56
Angle of refraction
Angle between refracted ray and normal
57
Laws of refraction
-Any light passing through less dense (Fast) to more dense (slow) bend towards normal -Any light passing through more dense (slow) to less dense (Fast) bend away from normal
58
Air/Vacuum
1.00
59
Air
1.0003
60
Water
1.33
61
Glass
1.52
62
Diamond
2.42
63
Snell's law
Relationship between angle of light when it enters a diff. medium
64
Special case refraction
When light goes from slower to faster medium
65
Critical angle
When refracted angle is 90 degrees
66
Total internal reflection
-Any angle larger than critical angle -Must be soFA -Angle of incidence must be over 90 degrees -Light is reflected back inside the medium
67
Lens Equation
1/F = 1/di + 1/do
68
Magnification Equation
M = hi/ho = -di/do
69
Objects at do are always
positive
70
Positive di
Real image
71
Negative di
Virtual image
72
Converging lens F
Positive
73
Diverging lens F
Negative
74
M > 1
Larger
75
M < 1
Smaller
76
ho/hi is positive when
Measured upwards from PA
77
ho/hi negative
Measured downwards from PA
78
Negative Magnification
inverted
79
Positive magnification
Upright
80
Eye accommodation
The change of shape of the eye lens by eye muscles allow a sharply focused image to form on retina
81
Iris
Controlling amount of light entering
82
Pupil
Allows light to enter
83
Lens
Converging lens that allows light to form sharp images
84
Retina
Light sensitive cells allow to convert light signals into an electrical signal
85
Optic nerve
Where electrical signal is sent to brain
86
Why do we see upright images?
Brain inverts the real image
87
Hyperopia
Far-Sightedness
88
How to fix hyperopia
Converging Lens (Positive meniscus)
89
Myopia
Near-sightedness
90
How to fix myopia
Diverging lens (Negative meniscus)
91
Presbyopia
-Form of myopia caused by age -Eye loses elasticity
92
What side is F for converging
Right side
93
What side is F for diverging lens
Left side
94
What happens when light hits lens
It refracts
95
More emergent rays will displace
Thinner lens
96
Locating images only refers to (ch.13)
Thick lens
97
Rules for CONVERGING lens
-Ray parallel to PA is refracted through F -Ray that appears to be refracted from F' is refracted parallel to PA -Ray coming from O continues straight through O
98
Case 1 CONVERGING lens
Beyond 2F' S- Smaller A - Inverted L - Between F and 2F T - Real
99
Case 2 CONVERGING lens
At 2F' S - Same A - Inverted L - At 2F T - Real
100
Case 3 CONVERGING lens
Between 2F' and F' S - Larger A - Inverted L - Beyond 2F T - Real
101
Case 4 CONVERGING lens
No image lmao
102
Case 5 CONVERGING lens
Between F' and O S - Larger A - Upright L - Between F' and O T - Virtual
103
Rules for DIVERGING rays
- A ray parallel to PA is refracted as if it came from F -A ray that appears to be emerging from F' is refracted parallel to PA -Ray through O continues straight through O
104
Diverging Salt
S - Smaller A - Upright L - Between O and F T - Virtual
105
Printer lens
Converging, case 3
106
Type of lens for magnifying glass/compound microscope
Converging
107
Cornea
Focuses light
108
Aperture
Where light enters
109
Converging lens
Refract light/focus it
110
Diaphragm
Controls how much light enters
111
Mirage
-Light travels at diff. speed through diff temp. of air -Hottest air layers produce total internal reflection
112
Apparent death
Light bending when it enters water makes objects look closer in water then they actually are
113
Retro-reflectors
Light bounces back in same direction
114
Fiber optics
Light transporting light to another location
115
Why do we see real image in microscope?
Virtual image is absorbed in body tube thingy yeahhhhhhhh
116
Emergent ray (lens)
Ray that comes from lens after being refracted

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