Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RW Gastroenterology > Public Health/Nutrition > Flashcards

Public Health/Nutrition Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is a Faecal Occult Blood (FOB) test looking for?

A

Small amounts of ‘hidden’ blood in stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is population screening?

A

No particular reason to assume that anyone has any early signs, just test across population
• E.g. bowel screening at 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is opportunistic screening?

A

Test when there may be an increased risk E.g. at early life – Down’s Syndrome or if family member has had cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the reliability of a test?

A

Repeatability of test and interpretation (basically consistency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the validity of a test?

A

Is it measuring what we think it is?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the sensitivity of a test?

A

Proportion of those who have the disease who are correctly identified by a positive test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the specificity of a test?

A

Proportion of those who do not have the disease who are correctly identified by a negative test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Positive predictive value

A

Proportion of those who test positive who actually have the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Negative predictive value

A

Proportion of those who test negative who actually do not have the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prevalence

A

Number of cases in the population now

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Incidence

A

How often it occurs (e.g. 1 in 100)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Recall time

A

Amount of time between screenings - Has to match disease progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Uptake

A

Number taking part in voluntary programme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Yield

A

Number of previously undiagnosed cases picked up by a screening test or programme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are Wilson & Jangler’s 7 Criteria for Screening Programmes?

A

1) Condition must be common/serious/both
2) Condition must have well defined latent period - know when to intervene
3) Suitable test available that is specific/sensitive/accessible
4) Must be effective treatment available
5) Doing the test must have benefits
- Early detection must improve prognosis and be better than watching and waiting
6) Test must not be harmful physically or psychologically
7) Must be cost effecting and justified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 6 stages of change?

A

1) Pre-contemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Preparation
4) Action
5) Maintenance
6) Long term maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 5 A’s of behaviour change?

A

Ask (permission to discuss), Asses (habit motivation), Advise, (benefits), Agree (set goals) and Assist (feedback etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Malnutrition

A

A state of nutrition in which a deficiency, excess or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue, body form, function and clinical outcome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can disease cause malnutrition?

A
  • Decreased intake
  • Impaired digestion and/or absorption
  • Increased nutritional requirements
  • Increased nutrient losses
  • Psychological effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which tool is used to measure malnutrition and what factors does it use?

A

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST).

It uses BMI, weight loss score and acute disease effect score (likelihood of not being able to eat etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In which people would you give nutritional support?

A
  • BMI 10% within the last 3–6 months
  • BMI 5% within the last 3–6 months
  • Have eaten or are likely to eat little or nothing for more than 5 days or longer
  • Poor absorptive capacity and/or high nutrient losses and/or increased nutritional needs from causes such as catabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Enteral Tube Feeding (ETF)

A

Delivery of a nutritionally complete feed via a tube into the stomach, duodenum or jejunum, e.g. nasogastric tube/jejunum or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

True or False: If the GI tract can be used at all or at any point, it should

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the indications of enteral feeding?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Unconscious patients
  • Neuromuscular swallowing disorder
  • Upper GI obstruction
  • GI dysfunction
  • Increased nutritional requirements
25
Parenteral nutriton
The administration of nutrient solutions via a central or peripheral vein
26
What are the indications for parenteral nutrition?
* inadequate or unsafe oral and/or enteral nutritional intake * a non-functional, inaccessible or perforated (leaking) gastrointestinal tract
27
Refeeding syndrome
Potentially fatal shifts in fluids and electrolytes (e.g. hypokalaemia) and disturbances in organ function and metabolic regulation that may result from rapid initiation of re feeding after a period of under nutrition. Occurs as the body has adjusted to reduced levels
28
Malabsorption
Imperfect mucosal absorption of food material by the small intestine.
29
What are the 3 main underlying causes of malabsorption?
Defective luminal digestion, mucosal disease and tructural disorders
30
What are the symptoms of coeliac disease?
Spectrum asymptomatic to nutritional deficiencies, Weight loss, Diarrhea, Excess flatus, Abdominal discomfort
31
What is the pathophysiology of coeliac disease?
Intestinal antigen-presenting cells in people expressing HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8, bind with dietary gluten peptides in their antigen-binding grooves, activating specific mucosal T lymphocyte cytokines and cause mucosal damage.
32
What causes lactose malabsorption/intolerance?
Deficiency of lactase
33
How do you diagnose lactose intolerance?
Confirmed by the lactose breath hydrogen test
34
What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance?
History of the induction of diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and flatulence following the ingestion of dairy products
35
Tropical spure
Colonization of the intestine by an infectious agent or alterations in the intestinal bacterial flora induced by the exposure to another environmental agent
36
What are the symptoms of tropical spure?
Diarrhoea, steatorrhea, weight loss, nausea, anorexia, anaemia
37
What is the treatment for tropical spure?
Tetracycline and folic acid
38
Whipple's disease
Rare, systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei.
39
What are the clinical features of malabsorption?
``` - Easy bruising • Vitamin C – scurvy/Vitamin K deficiency -Skin •Acrodermatits Enteropathica •impaired zinc uptake •Dermatitis Herpetiformis •May indicate coeliac disease •Glossitis and angulas stomatitis - Vit B and Iron deficiency •Spooning of nails •Iron (thyroid) deficiency ```
40
How many units are in a bottle of beer?
1.6
41
How many units are in a bottle of wine?
9.8
42
How many units are in a medium glass of wine?
2.3
43
How many units are in a pint of cider?
2.6
44
Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome
Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome due to Vit B12 (thiamine) deficiency
45
What is effective about the minimum unit price?
It target the lower cost end of alcohol which will affect most heavy drinkers as they are the most cost responsive
46
What are alcohol brief interventions?
Focused, structured conversation aimed at making a link in the individuals mind between the behaviour (drinking) and the consequences (
47
What is the FRAMES model for alcohol brief interventions?
* Feedback about personal risk or impairment (recognise patterns) * Emphasis on personal Responsibility to change * Advice (with permission) to cut down or abstain * Menu of options for changing drinking and setting a target * Empathic interviewing: listening reflectivity without trying to persuade or confront * Self-efficacy: and interviewing style that enhances people’s belief in their ability to change
48
Which tools can you use for alcohol screening?
AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification test) and FAST (Fast Alcohol Screening Tests)
49
How many mls of pure alcohol are in 1 unit?
10mls
50
How do you work out the number of units in a drink?
Multiplying the total volume of a drink (in ml) by its ABV and dividing the result by 1,000.
51
What is FODMAPs in the elimination diet for IBS?
Group of short chain carbohydrates which are p oorly absorbed leading to fermentation and osmotic changes in the bowel. Fermentable Oligo, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides And Polyols saccharides
52
What are dietary recommendations for Crohn's?
- Regular meals - Limit alcohol and caffeine - Increase activity levels and relaxation - Limit fresh fruit -Adjust fibre -
53
Globus
Sensation of a lump in the throat
54
Functional dysphasia
The sensation of solid (or liquid) food ‘sticking’ on the way down the oesophagus. (diagnosis of exclusion, as opposed to the symptom)
55
Malingering and factitious disorder
Malingering: Making up or exaggerating symptoms for external gain e.g. getting off work Factitious: Making up or exaggerating symptoms in order to occupy the ‘sick role’
56
What is the criteria for anorexia nervosa?
- Significant weight loss - Weight loss is self-induced - Core psychopathology - Widespread endocrine abnormality
57
What are the 3 models in health behaviour?
Health-belief model, theory of planned behaviour and trans-heretical model
58
Anorexia nervosa
A syndrome in which the person maintains a low body weight as a result of a preoccupation with weight, construed as either a fear of fatness or a pursuit of thinness
59
Bullimia Nervosa
Characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and compensatory behaviour (any one or a combination of vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise) in order to prevent weight gain

RW Gastroenterology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions