PUL- highlights- LF

Question 1

angle of louis

Answer 1

manubriosternal angel

Question 2

mediastinum contains

Answer 2

esophagus, trachea, heart and great vessels. space between the lungs

Question 3

apex of the lungs=

Answer 3

highest point of the lungs

Question 4

how far do the lungs go above the clavicle

Answer 4

2-4cm above the inner third of the clavical

Question 5

how high posteriorly do the lungs go.

Answer 5

posteriorly at around C7

Question 6

what do we call the lower borders of the lungs

Answer 6

bases

Question 7

anteriorly where do the lungs end

Answer 7

6th rib mid clavicular line

Question 8

posteriorly where do the lungs end

Answer 8

T10

Question 9

vertical axis

Answer 9

such as 2nd intercostal space

so this is the top to bottom axis

Question 10

circumference of the chest

Answer 10

such as midclavicular midaxillary

Question 11

pleural cavity

Answer 11

slight potential space filled with surfactant

Question 12

pleural fluid

Answer 12

lubricates the pleural surfaces and allows for lung expansion

Question 13

what is pleurisy

Answer 13

inflammation of the pleura- related to infectious process

Question 14

what can pleurisy develop into

Answer 14

pleural effusion may develop- percussive dullness, decreased fremits, ego phony, and decreased breath sounds.

Question 15

what will a chest X-ray show for pleuristy

Answer 15

WNL- infiltrate or pleural effusion.

Question 16

acinus

Answer 16

bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs and alveoli responsble for respirations

Question 17

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Answer 17

potential space in the pleural cavity below the level of the lungs- when filled can compromise lung expansion

Question 18

postnatal exposure to tobacco increases their rate of

Answer 18

om, URI, asthma in children

Question 19

after age 50 what happens to the lungs

Answer 19

respiratory muscle strength decline.
elastic properties within lungs become more rigid.

increased risk of postoperative atelectasis.

Question 20

there are two membranes around the lungs=

Answer 20

visceral pleura

parietal pleura

Question 21

this membrane covers the outer surface of each lung

Answer 21

visceral pleura

Question 22

this membrane also covers the inner rib cage and upper surface of the diaphragm

Answer 22

parietal pleura

Question 23

if it takes a lot of pressure to bag your patient- so it is difficult to open up their airways - what damage could you cause and how do you prevent it

Answer 23

you can cause a pneumo- slowly work at opening your patient up.

Question 24

ask the patient about their cough- what type of questions

Answer 24

ask whether the cough is dry or produces sputum or phlegm - what color is it?

does it wake them up in the night.

do they take ace inhibitors

have you been diagnosed with GERD

Question 25

dyspnea- an uncomfortable awareness of breathing - what do you need to do

Answer 25

ask if they have trouble breathing. | determine the severity of the dyspnea

Question 26

do you feel pain from the lung tissue?

Answer 26

no it has no pain fibers

Question 27

so when people complain of chest pain (from lungs) what is actually causing their pain

Answer 27

inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura other surrounding structures may also irritate the parietal pleura-causing pain

Question 28

mallory weiss tear

Answer 28

hard to find unless they are actually bleeding- but causes hemotypsis

Question 29

if the patient is obese- how do we know what is normal or not

Answer 29

look for symmetry if they are asymmetric- something is wrong

Question 30

normal AP:1=

Answer 30

should be 2:1

Question 31

when is the AP:1 not normal

Answer 31

barrel chested | COPD

Question 32

pectus carinatum=

Answer 32

pigeon chest- chest protrudes

Question 33

precuts excavatum

Answer 33

funnel chest- independent above the xiphoid process.

Question 34

egophony=

Answer 34

ee sounds like aa

Question 35

bronchophony=

Answer 35

increased lung density- clear 99

Question 36

wheezing=

Answer 36

narrowing, asthma, cold, bronchitis

Question 37

when listening to breath sounds and you hear adventitious breath sounds. what should you ask your patient todo?

Answer 37

cough - did they clear

Question 38

if you patient has acute bronchitis what is a cardinal sign

Answer 38

persistent cough! usually viral

Question 39

acute bronchitis xray

Answer 39

normal chest xray

Question 40

chronic bronchitis is from

Answer 40

long term exposure to tobacco smoke

Question 41

breath sounds for chronic bronchitis

Answer 41

wheezing and inspiratory crackles

Question 42

breath sounds for acute bronchitis

Answer 42

rhonchi

Question 43

do patients with COPD have have loss or gain of elastic recoil

Answer 43

loss of elastic recoil

Question 44

in additional to barrel chest for COPD- what other finding is associated with COPD

Answer 44

cor pulmonale- Right heart failure

Question 45

what is PNA

Answer 45

inflammation and consolidation of the lung

Question 46

what lobes does PNA commonly affect

Answer 46

right middle/lower lobes

Question 47

the consolidation of PNA produces what percussive sound

Answer 47

dullness

Question 48

PNA can come from two places

Answer 48

HAI | CAP

Question 49

what is a bleb

Answer 49

a blister

Question 50

how does a pneumothorax occur

Answer 50

rupture of a sub pleural bleb or penetrating chest trauma allowing air to enter the pleural space

Question 51

symptoms of a pneumothorax

Answer 51

unilateral pain dyspnea cyanosis deviated trachea away from the affected side remits and voice sounds are reduced/absent

Question 52

pulmonary HTN is present with pulmonary embolism- what other clue will help you determine the right side of the heart is in trouble

Answer 52

palpable precordial thrust of the right ventricle

Question 53

CURB-65

Answer 53

``` confusion urinary (BUN >19) R- respiratory rate>=30 BP sys<90 dia<60 65>= to 65 ```

Question 54

metabolic syndrom | syndrom X

Answer 54

Metabolic syndrome includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels The syndrome increases a person's risk for heart attack and stroke.

Question 55

Amphoric breath sounds (BOOK)

Answer 55

breath sounds are abnormal sounds heard with consolidation or a tension pneumo- thorax; they are hollow, low-pitched sounds

Question 56

Cavernous breath sounds (BOOK)

Answer 56

Cavernous breath sounds are an empty tympanic sound heard over a fibrotic lesion/cavity.

Question 57

Bronchial lung sounds

Answer 57

Heard over the trachea; abnormal if heard over the peripheral lung base. High in pitch and intensity

Question 58

Bronchovesicular

Answer 58

Heard over the major bronchi; abnormal if heard over the peripheral lung base. Moderate in pitch and intensity

Question 59

Vesicular

Answer 59

Vesicular Heard over healthy lung tissue. Low in pitch and intensity