Week 1 ENT 4 of 4

Question 1

B-hemolytic streptococcus, Aspergillus, Klebsiella, and Candida may be causative agents of what condition

Answer 1

epiglottitis

Question 2

describe the 4 SUBJECTIVE findings of epiglottitis

Answer 2

Severe odynophagia, dysphagia
fever
shortness of breath

Question 3

describe the OBJECTIVE findings of epiglottitis

Answer 3

Erythema

edematous epiglottis with narrow opening

Question 4

what is the Health Promotion /disease prevention of epiglottitis

Answer 4

HIB immunizations may be preventive

Question 5

in the most general terms what is epiglottitis

Answer 5

acute inflammation of the epiglottis and surrounding structures

Question 6

name the three different general causes of epiglottitis

Answer 6

bacterial

viral

thermal injury

Question 7

what is candidiasis caused by

Answer 7

candida albicans

Question 8

What is the treatment of Candidiasis

Answer 8

nystatin oral suspension

SWISH AND SWALLOW

Question 9

what is herpes labialis caused by

Answer 9

HSV -1
or
HSV -2

Question 10

what is the treatment for herpes labialis (cold sores)

Answer 10

acyclovir
and
valacyclovir

Question 11

aphthous stomatitis (canker sores) treatment

Answer 11

topical steroids such as kenalog
dexamethasone elixir
avoidance of spicy foods

Question 12

what is parotitis

Answer 12

inflammatory process of the parotid gland

Question 13

what can cause the inflammatory process of the parotid gland

Answer 13

bacteria
virus
fungal
mycobacterial

Question 14

where does parotitis infection begin

Answer 14

begins with retrograde migration of oral cavity from ductal obstructive decreased stimulation of saliva from anorexia, decreased mastication, and poor oral hygiene.

Question 15

parotitis subjective findings

Answer 15

Rapid onset of pain to the affected gland worse with mastication, fever, malaise, edema, headache

Question 16

parotitis objective findings

Answer 16

In infectious cases, a suppurative discharge will be present from Stensen’s duct with palpation. Viral cases will exhibit a clear discharge with milking of Stensen’s duct.

Question 17

parotitis Management:

Answer 17

Palpation of affected gland, Augmentin and cephalosporins for infectious cases. Proper hydration, sugar-free sour candies, heat to area may be helpful.

Question 18

parotitis Health promotion/disease management

Answer 18

Good oral hygiene is needed for prevention.

Question 19

how does peritonsillar abscess occur

Answer 19

when theres an accumulation of microorganisms located within the peritonsillar tissue

Question 20

what pathogens can result from the ineffective treatment of pharyngitis

Answer 20

B-lactamase production by anerobes and some staphylococci strains

Question 21

peritonsillar abscess subjective findings

Answer 21

High fever, fatigue, foul breath, severe odynophagia, pain to affected side

Question 22

peritonsillar abscess objective findings

Answer 22

Unilateral, marked edema and erythema of the peritonsillar tissue, positive exudate to area, displaced uvula from tonsilar edema, drooling, anxiety, appearance of being acutely ill

Question 23

peritonsillar abscess management

Answer 23

Needle aspiration, I & D to area, antibiotics, and pain control

Question 24

peritonsillar abscess health promotion/disease management

Answer 24

Smoking is a risk factor for peritonsillar abscess.

Question 25

is this when hammon said peritonsillar abscess can drool?

Answer 25

drooling

Question 26

Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: subjective findings

Answer 26

Non-infectious – sore, dry throat, rhinorrhea, watery eyes, postnasal drip. Infectious – fever, malaise, cough, headache, fatigue and malaise

Question 27

Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: objective findings

Answer 27

Non-infectious – mild erythema, little to no exudate, swollen, pale pharynx. Infectious – pharyngeal, tonsilar exudate, lymphadenopathy, petechnia of the soft/hard palate.

Question 28

Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: | Management:

Answer 28

Non-infectious – rest, fluids, humidification, voice rest, warm saline rinses. Infectious – antibiotics of penicillin IM or po, Biaxin, Zithromax are all indicated.

Question 29

Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: | Health Promotion:

Answer 29

Pharyngitis in an adult smoker that last greater than 2 weeks should be considered cancerous until proven otherwise.

Question 30

name the 3 viruses that can cause pharyngitis and tonsillitis

Answer 30

Epstein-barr influenza CMV

Question 31

name the bacteria causes of pharyngitis and tonsillitis what bacteria is the MOST common

Answer 31

steptococcus pyogenes A, C, and G B-hemolytic streptococcus

Question 32

ENT- what do we think about with small children and foreign bodies

Answer 32

the ENT is a great hiding place for lots of small things like beads seeds rocks

Question 33

clear, watery discharge from the nose, turbinates are red and swollen, discharge may become purulent, may become chronic- this is referred to as what

Answer 33

acute rhinitis

Question 34

facial pain usually over the orbits, maxillary or frontal sinus cavities, fever, red nasal mucosa and turbinates, headache- referred to as

Answer 34

sinusitis

Question 35

describe nasal polyps

Answer 35

small gray nodules seen among the turbinates, client may be able to feel these as he breaths, may occlude breathing

Question 36

cold sores on the lips, clear vesicles with an indurated erythematous base, painful

Answer 36

Herpes simplex- 1

Question 37

painful fissures at the corners of the mouth from excessive saliva, candidiasis

Answer 37

Cheilitis

Question 38

tell me... | between leukoplakia and candidiasis...which one will have white lesions that can be scrapped off

Answer 38

candidiasis

Question 39

if an infant has candidiasis will it eat?

Answer 39

no

Question 40

white lesions in the buccal areas, tongue, hard/soft palate that will scrape off, may be painful and cause the mouth to be sore.

Answer 40

candidiasis

Question 41

whitened hyperkeratotic plague on the tongue or in the buccal areas, may be cancerous, will not scrape off with tongue depressor

Answer 41

leukoplakia

Question 42

what is the clinical term for tongue tied

Answer 42

shortened frenulum

Question 43

a short frenulum will prevent the client from placing the tip of the tongue on the roof of the mouth - it can impair

Answer 43

articulation

Question 44

this is painless and occurs with antibiotic usage (tongue)

Answer 44

hairy tongue (furry tongue)

Question 45

hairy tongue

Answer 45

overgrowth of mycelial threads of candida albicans or aspergillus - looks like it is growing small dark hairs

Question 46

Edema of the uvula

Answer 46

hot gases through the mouth may cause a thermal burn to the uvula, swelling and difficulty swallowing may occur

Question 47

in class discussion- patient has soot around mouth what is our primary concern

Answer 47

Early airway intervention (tube them NOW, you may miss your opportunity once swelling occludes the airway)

Question 48

Torticollis (wryneck)

Answer 48

stiff neck caused from trauma to the neck

Question 49

Thyroiditis

Answer 49

thyroid is tender, enlarged, pain and fever may accompany

Question 50

Graves Disease

Answer 50

(thyroid bruit may be present) When the thyroid becomes hyperplasic, increased blood flow through the enlarged arteries may cause a bruit.

Question 51

Mononucleosis

Answer 51

acute infection of the lymphocytes with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), lymphadenopathy, acute pharyngitis, low grade temp, malaise, cough, headache,

Question 52

Acute laryngitis –

Answer 52

Most common cause of hoarseness, unproductive cough, dryness to throat

Question 53

Croup

Answer 53

acute obstruction of the upper airway, occurs with infection, allergy, foreign bodies. Harsh cough with dyspnea, can lead to stridor

Question 54

Thyroid nodule –

Answer 54

always carefully palate the thyroid for nodules, may be benign or malignant- esp in young adults

Question 55

in class discussion- patient has tonsillitis what do we need to be so careful about when we intubate them?

Answer 55

have FINESSE! | if you scratch those tonsils it can cause a host of other issues. DO NOT SCRATCH THE TONSILS!