Pulmonary Enfisema

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

IRREVERSIBLE enlargement of the alveoli distal to the bronchioles

Question 2

Alveolar

Answer 2

Abnormal and permanent enlargement of the alveoli, with destruction of their walls and absence of obvius fibrosis

Question 3

Interstitial

Answer 3

AIR within the interlobular, subpleural and other major interstitial areas of the lungs

Question 4

Compensatory enphisema

Answer 4

Dilatation of the alveoli with destruction of the septal walls in responde to loss of parenchima

Question 5

Obstructive

Answer 5

The lung expands bc the air is trapped whithin it, due to a tumor, object…
It can be a life treatening emergency, bc the affected portion compresses on the remaining normal lung.

Question 6

Bullous emphisema

Answer 6

Large subpleural bullae which can occur in any form of emphisema.

Question 7

Etiology

Answer 7

Genetic, inflammation, ischemia, 2nd to pulm diseases, spasms, agony.
INTERSTITIAL emphisema whithout ALVEOLAR emphisema, is common in cattle, bc of their well developed interlobular septa and lack of collateral ventilation of alveoli.

Question 8

Gross lesions

Answer 8

Lungs are emlarged, voluminous, pale and puffy
Imprints of the ribs
Enlarged air spaces appear like small vesicles

Question 9

Micro

Answer 9

Enlarged air spaces
Alveolar septa poorly vascularised
The loss of septa -> formation of new cavities

Question 10

Evolution

Answer 10

Death:
- Respiratory acidosis and coma
-Right side 💜 failure
-Collapse due to pneumothorax