Pulmonary Pharmacology

Question 1

4 types of bronchodilators

Answer 1

• sympathomimetics
• sympatholytics
• parasympatholytics
• methylxanthines

Question 2

Bronchial diameter Controlled by:

Answer 2

SNS and PNS

Question 3

Parasympatholytic Drug Endings

Answer 3

-tropium

Question 4

Sympathomimetic Drug Endings

Answer 4

• erol
• enol
• olol

Question 5

Sympathomimetics

Answer 5

• Beta Agonists
• Bronchodilators
• Selective (short/long acting)
• Nonselective

Question 6

SNS releases ____ which bind to _____ which act on ____

Answer 6

• Norepinephrine
• alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2 receptors
• Smooth Muscle of Lungs (through cAMP 2nd messenger)

Question 7

LRB’s

Answer 7

-leukotriene receptor blocker

no side effects

Question 8

• erol
• enol
• olol

Answer 8

-sympathomimetics

Question 9

PNS releases ____ which binds to _____ which act on_____

Answer 9

• Acetylcholine
• nicotinic, muscarinic receptors
• smooth muscle in lungs (through cAMP 2nd Messenger)

Question 10

Methyxanthines

Answer 10

• bronchodilation

- Therapeutic level close to toxic level

Question 11

Methylxanthines work by:

Answer 11

• inhibiting phosphodiesterase to increase cAMP
• antag to adenosine
• inhibit intracellular Ca++ release
• inhibit prostaglandins

(increase diaphragm’s ability to contract and resist fatigue)

Question 12

-phylline

Answer 12

-methyxanthines

Question 13

-lukast

Answer 13

LRBs

Question 14

Selective Drug Side Effects

sympathomimetics

Answer 14

• nervousness
• headaches
• tremors

Question 15

Corticosteroids on ANS

Answer 15

• enhance Beta2 effect

- inhibit Alpha effect

Question 16

mucolytics

Answer 16

-thin secretions by breaking disulfide bonds of mucus

Question 17

Mechanism of Chromolyn and Nedocromil

Answer 17

• (prophylactic)

- inhibit release of inflammatory mediators (histamines & leukotrienes)

Question 18

Non-selective drug side effects

sympathomimetics

Answer 18

• nervousness, headaches, tremors
• Beta: tachycardia, angina, cardiac dysrhythmias
• Alpha: peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 19

Parasympatholytics

Answer 19

• anti-cholinergics
• tropium
• bronchodilation

Question 20

Cholinergic input=

Answer 20

-bronchoconstriction

cholinergic=acetylcholine on muscarinic/nicotinic rec

Question 21

SNS Beta2 Receptor

Answer 21

• Bronchodilation

- via cAMP 2nd messenger

Question 22

Stimulation of Muscarinic Receptor–>

Answer 22

• increased guanyl cyclase–>
• convert GTP to GMP–>
• Cyclic GMP cause bronchoconstriction

(cGMP broken down by phosphodiesterase)

Question 23

LRB drug Endings

Answer 23

-lukast

Question 24

SNS Alpha1 Receptor

Answer 24

• bronchoconstriction
• via cAMP/cGMP
• usually in diseased lungs only

Question 25

-tropium

Answer 25

parasympatholytics

Question 26

-asone

Answer 26

-corticosteroids

Question 27

Signs of Methyxanthine Toxicity

Answer 27

- Heart Arrhythmias - Seizures - Nausea - Restlessness - Irritability - Confusion

Question 28

Methylxanthine Drug Endings

Answer 28

-phylline

Question 29

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Answer 29

- corticosteroids - cromolyn & nedocromil - leukotriene synthesis inhibitors - leukotriene receptor blockers

Question 30

Corticosteroid Drug Endings

Answer 30

-asone

Question 31

Beta1 receptors are also located in:

Answer 31

-the heart | increase HR

Question 32

Alpha1 receptors are also located in:

Answer 32

- Arteries | - (increase vasoconstriction)

Question 33

Side effects of Corticosteroids

Answer 33

- osteoporosis - muscle wasting - skin break down - hyperglycemia - cataracts

Question 34

Side Effects of Cromolyn & Nedocromil

Answer 34

-irritation of nasal & upper respiratory passages

Question 35

Sympatholytics

Answer 35

-Alpha antagonists-->bronchodilation

Question 36

Corticosteroid Mechanism of Action

Answer 36

- inhibits production of prostaglandins & leukotrienes - inhibit neutraphils & monocyte migration - reverse decrease in vascular permeability - bronchodilation through ANS (increase Beta2 effect, decrease Alpha effect