Q1 Exam 2

Question 1

five layers of gut from inner to outer

Answer 1

mucosa, submucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, serosa

Question 2

three oxyntic gland cells and what they produce in the stomach

Answer 2

parietal cells: HCl, intrinsic factor
chief cells: pepsinogen
ECL cells: histamine

Question 3

two pyloric gland cells and what they produce

Answer 3

D cells: somatostatin if pH is too low
G cells: gastrin

Question 4

PPIs

Answer 4

omeprazole more broad spectrum acid reducer than famotidine, but not as fast, might increase effects of other drugs

Question 5

sucralfate

Answer 5

needs acidic environment to work properly (give on empty stomach before PPI?, can cause constipation

Question 6

exocrine pancreatic secretions

Answer 6

bicarb, intrinsic factor allows for B12 absorption, enzymes like trypsin (master key)

Question 7

cisapride

Answer 7

prokinetic that can be given at home, but need to get compounded

Question 8

apomorphine

Answer 8

dopamine receptor agonist (only works in dogs CRTZ) 75% successful at removing foreign object

Question 9

how does the feline esophagus differ

Answer 9

1/3 smooth muscle

Question 10

treatment for congenital megacolon

Answer 10

sildenafil, supportive care

Question 11

megacolon secondary to in 25% cats

Answer 11

thymoma

Question 12

lower esophageal achalasia like syndrome

Answer 12

bird beak sign, failure of LES to relax, treat with mechanical dilation and botulism toxin, then maybe surgery

Question 13

spirocerca lupi

Answer 13

esophageal worm, special float, granulomas turn into cancer (and not sccs)

Question 14

GERD treatment

Answer 14

prokinetics, acid suppression, sucralfate, maybe LF diet

Question 15

common labwork findings for foreign body

Answer 15

hypochloremic metabolic acidosis

Question 16

L lateral what should we see in stomach

Answer 16

gas in pylorus

Question 17

how to stabilize GDV patients

Answer 17

correct hypovolemia, correct arrhythmias
manage pain
decompress stomach

Question 18

salmonid poisoning

Answer 18

from N helminthoeca, causes granulomatous inflammation everywhere, hemorrhagic vomiting, doxycycline and deworm

Question 19

Physaloptera

Answer 19

“happy puker” worm

Question 20

pythiosis

Answer 20

colonize ICJ and causes fibrotic wall, need to resect or amputate if on limbs, aggressive antifungals, poor prognosis still

Question 21

bilious vomiting syndrome

Answer 21

early morning vomiting of bile in otherwise healthy dogs, treat with smaller frequent meals

Question 22

most common gastric neoplasias in cats and dogs

Answer 22

dogs: adenocarcinoma
cats: lymphoma

Question 23

pyloric stenosis

Answer 23

common in brachycephalics, causes vomiting

Question 24

small vs large bowel diarrhea

Answer 24

small: large volumes, no urgency or frequency, no tenesmus, weight loss and maybe vomiting
large: everything opposite

Question 25

AHDS

Answer 25

acute severe large bowel diarrhea with hematochezia (jam), hemoconcentration and normal TP

Question 26

parvo

Answer 26

small bowel diarrhea progress to mixed and hemorrhagic, leukopenia,

Question 27

panleuk

Answer 27

can be subclinical, peracute and fatal, or more like parvol, or cerebellar hypoplasia

Question 28

hypoadrenocorticism

Answer 28

SMILED segs and monos increased, lymphs and eos decreased

Question 29

CIE

Answer 29

non infectious GI inflammation lasting longer than 3 weeks, treat with diet, fix microbiome and maybe suppress inflammation

Question 30

what breeds commonly get hereditary PLE

Answer 30

basenjis, wheaten terriers, lundehund

Question 31

what breeds commonly get granulomatous colitis

Answer 31

boxers and bulldogs, E coli invades mucosa, tx baytril

Question 32

what breed gets primary lymphangectasia

Answer 32

yorkies

Question 33

causes of secondary lymphangesctasia

Answer 33

CIE, thoracic duct obstruction, right heart failure

Question 34

what breed can have gluten sensitivity

Answer 34

irish setters

Question 35

tx for tritrich

Answer 35

ronidazole

Question 36

dyschezia

Answer 36

tenesmus specific to rectum, anus, perianal region

Question 37

megacolon diagnosis

Answer 37

rads colon:L5 ratio > 1.6

Question 38

two causes for megacolon in kittens

Answer 38

congenital hypoT4 and atresia ani type 1

Question 39

perianal fistula

Answer 39

GSD ulcers or sinus tracts in skin around anus, thought to be immune mediated, cyclosporine tx and tacrolimus/ diet change long term

Question 40

what spurious things create melena looking stool

Answer 40

pepto, liver, activated charcoal, blueberries

Question 41

hematochezia bleed source

Answer 41

cecum or distal

Question 42

hematochezia look alikes

Answer 42

beet, red food coloring