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FAMS > Q1 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Q1 Exam 2 Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

diastolic murmurs

A

A/P regurg or mitral/tricuspid stenosis

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2
Q

systolic murmurs

A

A/P stenosis or mitral/tricuspid regurge

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3
Q

splashing

A

washing machine murmur, pericarditis

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4
Q

atrial fib

A

most common arrythmia in cattle, often just secondary to GI disease and electrolyte imbalances

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5
Q

bradyarrhythmia

A

electrolyte abnormalities (potassium) also secondary to GI disease

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6
Q

how to treat hyperkalemia

A

fluids, insulin/dextrose, bicarb, and calcium gluconate (cardioprotective)

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7
Q

how does pericarditis happen in SR?

A

usually secondary to severe pneumonia and septicemia

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8
Q

common valve and bacteria associated with endocarditis

A

tricuspid (again right sided)
ruminants: truperella pyogenes (+ streptococcus)
swine: erysipelothrix (+ strep suis)

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9
Q

what can cause DCM in cattle?

A

genetic in red holstein, curly hair coat
toxic: ionophores, gossypol, cassia, phalaris
nutritional: white muscle, copper

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10
Q

cardiac troponin I

A

measures degree of ONGOING myocardial damage

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11
Q

nutritional myodegeneration

A

selenium/vit E deficiency in young, rapidly growing animals turned out to pasture
no treatment once cardiac

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12
Q

mulberry heart

A

nutritional myodegeneration in pigs (usually fastest growing pigs) causes pinpoint hemorrhage (“mulberry”)

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13
Q

cor pulmonale

A

associated with high mountain disease of cattle above 6000ft, hypoxic vasoconstriction causes PA hyperplasia, can PAP test to ID breeding stock (also avoid locoweeds)

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14
Q

eisenmenger syndrome

A

l-r shunt switches to r-l shunt and causes cyanosis

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15
Q

vsd

A

occurs alone, most common defect, right sided holo-pan systolic leads to left volume overload (limousine and herefords)

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16
Q

patent foramen ovale

A

causes ASD in cattle, bypass lungs in fetal circulation

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17
Q

three anatomical factors predisposing cattle to respiratory disease

A

small lung field, tracheal bronchus, small pores of kohn

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18
Q

tetrology of fallot

A

pulmonary stenosis, thick right ventricular wall, VSD, overriding aorta causes cyanosis and exercise intolerance

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19
Q

stridor vs stertor

A

harsh and high pitched from narrowing vs low pitched snore from vibration of softer things (swelling/secretions)

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20
Q

three common causes of a high A-a gradient?

A

V/Q mismatch (pneumonia), diffusion impairment (alveoli remodeling), right to left shunt

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21
Q

oestrus ovis

A

nasal bot, larvae persist in upper airways for months, treat with ivermectin

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22
Q

nasal adenocarcinoma

A

oncogenic retrovirus ONAV or CNAV, proliferation of secretory epithelial cells, benign, on do surgery if caught early

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23
Q

two sequelae of pharyngeal trauma and treatment

A

necrotic laryngitis (calf diphtheria with signs of septicemia) and pharyngeal abscess, need to cover anaerobes so tulathromycin or florfenicol

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24
Q

sinusitis

A

caused from dehorning too late, into cornual sinus, long road to treat with repeated lavages and nuflor

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25
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
BHV-1, can cause some repro signs, travels along trigeminal nerve until stressed, vaccinate
26
atrophic rhinitis
pigs with bordetella, pasturella implicated in progressive disease, antibiotics if caught early and need gram- coverage, vaccinate
27
PIV-3 and BCoV
not likely primary causes, BCoV can cause diarrhea more commonly (winter dysentery)
28
BRSV
bovine respiratory syncytial virus, limited to the respiratory system, creates bullae, fast and severe, vaccines! (but debatable)
29
CAE/OPP
transmitted in milk, lifelong infection, virus targets lungs, synovium, mammary gland and CNA (young), no treatment
30
bluetongue
cattle amplifying host, edema everywhere + repro signs, transmitted by culicoides, treat ulcers and secondary infections
31
PRRS
repro, respiratory (blue ears), piglets get CNS, heart, joint inflammation too
32
PCV-2
various disease manifestations, high mortality, vaccinate
33
swine flu
high morbidity, low mortality, zoonotic
34
PRCV
similar to virus that causes TGEV
35
mannheimia haemolytica
gram- aerobic in feedlots, leukotoxin and endotoxin, necrotizing fibrinous pleuropneumonia, not often coughing, just painful and shock
36
pasteurella multocida
like mannheimia but less severe and shorter duration, purulent brnchopneumonia, CV lung lobes
37
histophilus somni
very good at evading the host, LOS and can't be killed in macrophages/neutrophils, commonly see many organ systems affected, vascular thrombi and septicemia
38
mycoplasma bovis
infected through milk, chronic carriers, also otitis, swollen joints, dont respond to treatment, foci of caseous necrosis
39
MMC (mycoplasma mycoides capri)
shed in goat milk, fever, swollen joints, prevention key and important to PCR
40
actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP)
hemolytic gram- in swine, exo and endotoxins, foamy bloody discharge and polyarthritis, vaccinate and ceftiofur
41
pasturella multocida in pigs
leading cause of pneumonia, secondary, +/- pericarditis
42
haemophilus parasuis
glassers, likes serosal surfaces, high mortality, serofibrinous exudate, vax
43
strep suis
ZOONOTIC, colonizes piglets at birth, septic, similar to glassers, meningitis, resistant to tetracyclines
44
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
enzootic pneumonia, chronic in older pigs, vax
45
acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema
fog fever, adult cattle switched to lush pasture, most common with brassica, can die if too stressed
46
feedlot acute interstitial pneumonia
exact cause unknown (tryptophan? hormones? BRSV? environment?)
47
moldy sweet potatoes
produce toxin themselves in response to mold, frequent deep coughing
48
perilla mint
southeastern US causes ARDS
49
nitrogen dioxide and zinc oxide
also salivation/lacrimination
50
dictyocaulus viviparus
pre-patent: L4 reach alveoli patent: adult worms causes worst disease post-patent: recovery adult parasites expelled on own
51
dictyocaulus filaria
large lungworm of sheep and goats, knob on anterior end
52
muellerius capillaris
snail intermediate hosts, kinked tail, grey nodules on necropsy, higher doses than other worms, resistant to levimasole
53
protostrongylus rufescens
snail intermediate host, adults in bronchioles
54
ascaris suum
milk spots, ill thrift, adults develop in intestines
55
what plants cause photosensitization
clovers and alfalfa, st johns wort, buckwheat, some tetracyclines and sulfonimides
56
secondary photosensitization causes
agave, puncture vine, nolina
57
ALT
not importatn
58
AST and SDH
liver leakage enzymes, SDH is active disease
59
GGT and ALP
cholestatic enzymes, young animals have higher values
60
black disease
c novyi type 1, mainly in sheep, urine normal
61
bacillary hemoglobinuria
c. haemolyticum causes hemoglobinuria and massive hemolysis, gram+
62
most common cause of liver abscesses
ruminitis or LA, can turn into CVCT, massive pulmonary hemorrhage and death
63
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
ragwort, groundsel, rattlebox, fiddleneck, toxin is pyrroles, prevent mitosis of hepatocytes, periportal fibrosis and bile duct proliferation
64
alflatoxicosis
centrilobular necrosis with pyrrole effects
65
copper toxicity
gun metal blue kidney (chelators d-penicillamine, ammonium molybdate, and sodium thiosulfate)
66
most common bacteria in UTI
cornebacterium renale or e coli
67
enzootic hematuria
bracken fern chronic ingestion, can lead to neoplasia BPV2, acutely bone marrow supression
68
predisposing factor fore ilcerative posthitis
corynebacterium renale and high protein diet
69
urachal bacteria
t pyogenes
70
5 risk factors for urolithiasis
sex, age at castration, diet, water consumption, breed
71
phosphatic crystals
struvite, high magnesium grain based diet, white sand dissolves in acid
72
calcium carbonate crystals
high calcium forage, golden bb
73
silica crystals
native grasslands western us, smooth white and layered
74
sedation for urolithiasis
avoid a2 agonists
75
twitching of eye
lead, rabies, magnesium
76
cyclopia
veratrum californicum during 13th-14th day of gestation
77
tarsorrhaphy
temporarily suture eyelids together
78
IBK
moraxella bovis (enhanced by solar radiation, flies, dust)
79
Ovine and caprine contagious opthalmia
mycoplasma conjunctivae primary cause, spontaneous recovery possible
80
BOSCC immunotherapy
BCG vaccine, fresh tumor tissue, IL-2

FAMS (6 decks)

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