Q2 Exam 2

Question 1

most common etiology of skin abscesses in cattle and goats

Answer 1

t pyogenes
corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Question 2

CHAINS differentials for lumps

Answer 2

cyst
hematoma
abscess
inflammation (like granuloma)
neoplasia
seroma

Question 3

ringworm signs, tx, common etiologic agents

Answer 3

ZOONOTIC, alopecia spots on head, self limiting, T. verrucosum or pigs (M nanum)

Question 4

dermatophilosis agent, factors, signs, and tx

Answer 4

Dermatophilus congolensis, rain scald, needs a carrier animal, skin abrasions and moisture, crusts on dorsum and distal limbs, tx with oxytetracycline

Question 5

viral papilloma signs, causes, tx

Answer 5

benign cauliflower lesions, BPV and bracken fern ingestion, spontaneous regression or autogenous vax

Question 6

common mites and treatments

Answer 6

ruminants and pseudos: Chorioptes and avermectins
swine: sarcoptes scabei suis and avermectins

Question 7

exudative epidermitis agent, signs

Answer 7

greasy pig, staph hyicus, severe in piglets, not itchy but often fatal

Question 8

pityriasis rosea signs, factor and tx

Answer 8

epidermal collarettes on ventrum of young swine, heritable and self limiting

Question 9

Erysipelas signs, tx

Answer 9

ZOONOTIC, diamond skin disease, chronic arthritis and endocarditis, penicillin and vax

Question 10

90-90-90

Answer 10

90% bovine lameness foot, 90% hindlimb, 90% lateral claw

Question 11

growth rate of coronary corium

Answer 11

~5mm/month

Question 12

two veins in the bovine distal foot and why do we know them

Answer 12

dorsal common digital vein and lateral abaxial sesamoid vein for bier block

Question 13

primary weight bearing digit in fore and hind limbs

Answer 13

fore- middle
hind- lateral

Question 14

preferred dorsal hoof wall angle

Answer 14

fore- 45
hind- 50

Question 15

lameness scale

Answer 15

1-normal
2-mild
3-head bob
4-toe touching
5-non-weight bearing

Question 16

Cause of corkscrew and scissor claw

Answer 16

heritable and chronic laminitis

Question 17

interdigital necrobacillosis agent, factors, sign, tx

Answer 17

foot rot, fusobacterium necrophorum, moisture and cracked claws, symmetric swelling above coronary band, florfenicol or really anything

Question 18

Sequelae of untreated foot rot

Answer 18

DIP joint infection, lateralized swelling

Question 19

Most common agent isolated from infected joint

Answer 19

Truepurella pyogenes

Question 20

three signs joint fluid is septic

Answer 20

physical characteristics, TP > 2.5 g/dL, and NCC>25000 or >80% polymorphonuclear

Question 21

Digital dermatitis agent, tx

Answer 21

hairy heel warts, Treponema, very contagious, debride and topical oxytetracycline/bandage, isolate

Question 22

interdigital dermatitis

Answer 22

disease complex with spirochete involvement, minimal lamenesss and superficial

Question 23

laminitis predisposing factors and tx

Answer 23

hard flooring, higher concentrate feeding, high metabolic load, NSAIDS, soft footing, trim better, cryotherapy??

Question 24

sole ulcer treatment

Answer 24

pare away undermined sole, block contralateral claw, bandage and antibiotics if infected

Question 25

interdigital fibroma tx

Answer 25

corn, secondary to repeated trauma, no tx unless painful then excision

Question 26

horizontal vs vertical hoof wall cracks

Answer 26

horizontal- dairy, metabolic issues vertical- sand, beef, dray conditions and old cows

Question 27

spastic paresis signs, tx

Answer 27

2-7 months holstein-friesian, increased extensor tone of back limbs and tail up, can try surgery to salvage to market weight, do not breed

Question 28

spasticity syndrome

Answer 28

adults, slowly progressive, salvage

Question 29

sciatic vs obturator nerve damage

Answer 29

sciatic- dropped hock + knuckling fetlock obturator- recumbent and splayed legs

Question 30

fescue toxicity

Answer 30

endophyte ergovaline constricts blood to distal extremities, antioxidants

Question 31

arthrogryposis causes

Answer 31

genetic- CHAMM (charolias, hereford, holstein, angus, merino infectious- BBC (bvdv, bluetongue, cache valley virus toxic- lupine, V californicum, locoweed

Question 32

white muscle disease

Answer 32

selenium or vit E deficiency, from acidic soil, high sulfur soil, or prolonged grain storage, muscle weakness and tremors,

Question 33

blackleg

Answer 33

clostridiums, muscle trauma cause sporulation and necrotizing endotoxins, grave prognosis (maybe PPG), vax

Question 34

vitamin D

Answer 34

increases plasma calcium from SI and bone

Question 35

PTH

Answer 35

increase plasma calcium and lowers phosphate from bone and kidney

Question 36

calcitonin

Answer 36

decreases calcium through urine and bone

Question 37

milk fever common signs

Answer 37

1-3 days post calving common, older jerseys, cold temp and extremities, tachycardia, weakness, no rumen sounds, downed

Question 38

factors contributing to hypocalcemia

Answer 38

high potassium diets cause metabolic alkalosis and ca binds to albumin and decreases ruminal absorption of mg, hypomagnesemia can reduce PTH secretion

Question 39

down cow differentials

Answer 39

metritis mastitis metabolic musculoskeletal

Question 40

treatment for downer cow

Answer 40

treat underlying causes, get up (float), NSAIDs, fluids, good nutrition

Question 41

milk fever treatment

Answer 41

IV calcium (ca gluconate or CMPK) and monitor heart!!!!, then oral salts and vit D to follow,

Question 42

three ways to prevent milk fever

Answer 42

low DCAD diets, low calcium diets, magnesium

Question 43

how to monitor efficacy of DCAD

Answer 43

urine pH monitoring

Question 44

hypomagnesemia signs, tx

Answer 44

grass tetany, early lactation grazing lush pastures high in potassium and low in mg, tetanic spasms and HIGH tachycardia, minimize stress and give IV mg +/- ca

Question 45

hypokalemia sign, tx and limits

Answer 45

flaccid paralysis, IV potassium but 0.5 mEq/kg/hr is toxic dose

Question 46

why are dairy cows most at risk for NEB

Answer 46

milk production peaks 4-6 weeks, but DMI does not catch up until 10 weeks

Question 47

goals if I have a lower cut point for serum BHB

Answer 47

detect as many affected animals as possible to identify trends, increases sensitivity

Question 48

goals for higher set point

Answer 48

most accurate for individual cows, increases specificity

Question 49

tx ketosis

Answer 49

iv glucose and oral propylene glycol (add vitamin B12 and thiamine)

Question 50

ketosis prevention

Answer 50

herd monitoring, nutrition, increase cow comfort and minimize risk factors (overweight and old)

Question 51

pregnancy toxemia

Answer 51

weakness and neurologic signs, scleral injection, iv dextrose or propylene glycol +/- transfaunation, fluids with acid/base chem, B12 and thiamine, other electrolytes, NSAIDs?

Question 52

when can you c section a hopefully healthy lamb

Answer 52

138 days (7 days before parturition)

Question 53

fetal stress sign

Answer 53

HR above 1.6x the dams HR

Question 54

structure of US beef industry

Answer 54

cow/calf until weaning, possibly backgrounder and stocker, then feedlot before slaughter

Question 55

what BCS and weight to breed beef cows

Answer 55

6/9 and 65% mature body weight

Question 56

when do we breed first time heifers

Answer 56

1 month before mature cows!

Question 57

60 day preg rate ideal

Answer 57

>95% (heifers first try >65%)

Question 58

adult dystocia and heifer dystocia parameters

Answer 58

2-5% and 10-15%

Question 59

how many days lactating for dairy cows

Answer 59

305 days

Question 60

bulk SCC and individual SCC cutoff

Answer 60

200000 and 150000