Q3 Flashcards by LEVI B

Q

inability to distinguish what is real and what is not real

A

psychosis

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Q

T or F:

hallucinations has an external stimulus

A

F; NO external stimulus

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Q

T or F:

delusions has an external stimulus

A

T

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Q

most common psychotic disorder

A

Schizophrenia

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Q

what is the prototype drug of second-generation antipsychotic drugs

A

clozapine

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Q

Drug of choice for Schizophrenia

A

1st Gen Antipsychotics

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Q

Enumerate:

1st Gen Antipsychotics

A

Benperidol
Spiroperidol
Pimozide
Properidol
Molindone
Moperone
Trifluperazine
Trifluperidol
Prochlorperazine
Promazine
Trazodone

Phenothiazine
Butyrophenone
Thioxanthene

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Q

Hallucinations

a. Positive symptom
b. Negative symptom

A

a. Positive symptom

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Q

Delusions

a. Positive symptom
b. Negative symptom

A

a. Positive symptom

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Q

Emotional blunting

a. Positive symptom
b. Negative symptom

A

b. Negative Symptom

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Q

Social withdrawal

a. Positive symptom
b. Negative symptom

A

b. Negative symptom

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Q

Lack of motivation

a. Positive symptom
b. Negative symptom

A

b. Negative symptom

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Q

T or F:

In the dopamine hypothesis, Dopamine-receptor density has been found postmortem to be decreased in the brains of schizophrenics who have not been treated with antipsychotic drugs

A

F; increased

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Q

major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

A

Glutamate

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Q

drugs that potentiate currents mediated by AMPAtype glutamate receptors

A

ampakines

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Q

D3 partial agonist

A

Cariprazine

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Q

The average time for relapse in stable patients with schizophrenia who discontinue their medication is __ months

A

6

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Q

This antipsychotic drug should never be discontinued unless clinically needed due to rapid and severe relapse

A

Clozapine

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Q

T or F:

antipsychotic drugs do not usually interfere with the metabolism of other drugs

A

T

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Q

Enumerate:

The five dopaminergic pathways

A

mesolimbic-mesocortical pathway
nigrostriatal pathway
tuberoinfundibular system
periventricular pathway
incertohypothalamic pathway

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Q

D1

a. increases cAMP
b. decreases cAMP
c. inhibits calcium
d. both b and c

A

a. increases cAMP

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Q

D2

a. increases cAMP
b. decreases cAMP
c. inhibits calcium
d. both b and c

A

d. both b and c

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Q

D3

a. increases cAMP
b. decreases cAMP
c. inhibits calcium
d. both b and c

A

b. decreases cAMP

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Q

D4

a. increases cAMP
b. decreases cAMP
c. inhibits calcium
d. both b and c

A

b. decreases cAMP

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D5 a. increases cAMP b. decreases cAMP c. inhibits calcium d. both b and c

a. increases cAMP

Enumerate: 2nd Gen Antipsychotics

Cariprazine Clozapine Zotepine Asenapine Paliperidone Melperone Iloperidone Blonanserin Brexpiprazole Aripiprazole Lumateperone Lurasidone Sertindole

treatment of psychosis in Parkinson's disease

pimavanserin

Muscarine M1/M4 agonist

Xenomeline

TAAR-1 agonist

Ulotaront

Second-line antipsychotic drug associated with torsades de pointes

Thioridazine

T or F: Catatonic forms of schizophrenia are best managed by intravenous benzodiazepines.

T

Enumerate: Antipsychotic drugs used for BIPOLAR depression

Quetiapine Cariprazine Lumateperone Olanzapine + Fluoxetine Lurasidone

Enumerate: Antipsychotic drugs used for UNIPOLAR depression

Aripiprazole Brexpiprazole Olanzapine + Fluoxetine Quetiapine

Antipsychotic drug for tourette syndrome

Molindone

The only second-generation antipsychotic drug approved to reduce the risk of suicide in patients with history of schizophrenia

Clozapine

Second-generation drug causing the least weight gain

Ziprasidone

T or F: Older antipsychotic drugs have been shwon to be more effective than newer ones for treating negative symptoms

F; New drugs are more effective

useful adjunct for antipsychotic drugs for treating mood symptoms and positive symptoms

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Most important unwanted effect of antipsychotic drugs

Tardive dyskinesia

Enumerate: Antipsychotic drugs that are VMAT-2 inhibitors

Valbenazine Deutetrabenazine

Diabetic ketoacidosis has been reported in a few cases. The triglyceride:HDL ratio should be less than ___ in fasting samples

3.5

Because of the risk of agranulocytosis, patients receiving clozapine must have weekly blood counts for the first __ months of treatment and every __ weeks thereafter

6; 3

the only antipsychotic drug that causes retinal deposits associated with "browning" of vision

Thioridazine

This lifethreatening disorder occurs in patients who are extremely sensitive to the extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotic agents

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

first agent shown to be useful in the treatment of the manic phase of bipolar disorder

Lithium

T or F: Depression in bipolar patients is phenomenologically similar to that of major depression

T

first used therapeutically in the mid19th century in patients with gout

Lithium

T or F: Lithium alone is rarely successful in treating schizophrenia, but adding lithium to an antipsychotic may salvage an otherwise treatmentresistant patient

T

most common adverse effects of lithium treatment a. leukocytosis b. nephrogenic diabetes insipidus c. edema d. tremor

d. tremor

First-line antipsychotic drug for acute mania in bipolar disorder

Valproic acid

alternative to lithium when it is less efficacious

Carbamazepine

maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder

lamotrigine

Enumerate: SSRI drugs

Escitalopram Fluoxetine Paroxetine Sertraline Citalopram

Enumerate: SNRI drugs

Venlafaxine Milnacipran Levomilnacipran Desvenlafaxine Duloxetine

Enumerate: 5-HT Modulator drugs

Trazodone Nefazodone Vortioxetine

Enumerate: Tetracyclic & Unicyclic drugs

Amoxapine Maprotiline Vilazodone Buproprion Mirtazapine

Enumerate: NMDA Antagonist drugs

Esketamine Dextrometorphan + Buproprion

Enumerate: MAOI drugs

Moclobemide Phenelzine Isocarboxazid Tranylcypromine Selegeline

Enumerate: GABA modulator drug

Brexanolone

characterized by depressed mood most of the time for at least 2 weeks or loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, or both

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are critical in the regulation of neural plasticity, resilience, and neurogenesis a. Neurotrophic hypothesis b. Monoamine hypothesis

a. Neurotrophic hypothesis

loss of volume of hippocampus a. Neurotrophic hypothesis b. Monoamine hypothesis

a. Neurotrophic hypothesis

suggests that depression is related to a deficiency in the amount or function of serotonin (5HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) a. Neurotrophic hypothesis b. Monoamine hypothesis

b. Monoamine hypothesis

Subjects who are homozygous for the s (short) allele may be more vulnerable to developing major depression and suicidal behavior in response to stress a. Neurotrophic hypothesis b. Monoamine hypothesis

b. Monoamine hypothesis

studies of depressed patients have found _____ glutamate content in the cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients and _____ glutamine/glutamate ratios in their plasma

elevated; decreased

adjunctive treatment for resistant major depression

esketamine

T or F: SSRIs are highly lipophobic

F; lipophilic

used in the treatment of generalized anxiety, stress urinary incontinence, and vasomotor symptoms of menopause

SNRIs

first modern class of antidepressants

MAOIs

primary use now is in the treatment of depression unresponsive to other antidepressants

MAOIs

rapidly acting IV antidepressant in women with postpartum depression

Brexanolone

T or F: patients with bipolar depression may not benefit much from antidepressants

T

characterized by recurrent episodes of brief overwhelming anxiety

panic disorder

characterized by a chronic, freefloating anxiety and undue worry that tends to be chronic

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

rapid relief of anxiety disorders a. benzodiazepines b. antidepressants c. both d. neither

a. benzodiazepines

long-term treatement of anxiety disorders a. benzodiazepines b. antidepressants c. both d. neithe

b. antidepressants

first-line treatment for PTSD

SSRIs

treatment for smoking cessation

Buproprion

T or F Antidepressants appear to be helpful in the treatment of anorexia but not bulimia

F; bulimia but not anorexia

approved for the treatment of bulimia

Fluoxetine

most commonly prescribed firstline agents in the treatment of both MDD and anxiety disorders

SSRIs

second or thirdline treatments for MDD

TCAs and MAOIs

associated with a sudden discontinuation syndrome

MAOIs