Quality Flashcards
1
Q
- You have been asked to identify the primary reasons for the substantial amount of
customer complaints your company is experiencing every day. Which of the following
tools will most effectively assist you in further identifying the reasons for the failures?
A. Cause and effect diagram
B. Run chart
C. Statistical sampling
D. Design of experiments
A
- A: A cause and effect diagram or fishbone diagram is a root cause analysis tool. A run chart is a line graph that displays process performance over time. Upward and downward trends, cycles, and large aberrations may be spotted and investigated further using a run chart. Statistical sampling involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection instead of measuring the entire population. Design of Experiments (DOE) is a statistical method, usually applied to the product of a project, and provides a ‘“what-if’” analysis of alternatives to identify which factors might improve quality.
2
Q
- While trying to isolate the root cause of a critical problem in the production
process, your team has detected two variables—temperature and humidity—as the
conceivable contributors to the problem. There is a concern that these two variables
are complicating the problem by affecting each other. Which of the following tools or
techniques will assist to see if there is any interdependency between them?
A. Cause and effect diagram
B. Influence diagram
C. Scatter diagram
D. Pareto chart
A
- C: The scatter diagram is used to determine the correlation between two variables.
3
Q
3. Control Quality is the process of monitoring specific project results to determine if they comply with applicable quality standards and identifying ways to eradicate causes of unsatisfactory results. All of the following are tools & techniques used in the Control Quality process EXCEPT: A. Inspection B. Testing/Product evaluations C. Quality metrics D. Control Charts
A
- C: Quality metrics are an output of the Plan Quality Management process and an input
4
Q
- While using a control chart to monitor processes and to assure that they remain within acceptable limits or “in control,” you noticed that seven data points are grouped together in a series on one side of the mean. All of the following are false about this situation EXCEPT:
A. This type of situation needs to be investigated and a cause should be found.
B. This trend is normal and expected within process.
C. This is a random cause of variation and can be ignored.
D. The process is stable and in control as none of the data points are outside control
limits.
A
- A: The rule of seven refers to nonrandom data points grouped together in a series that
total seven on one side of the mean. This type of situation needs to be investigated and
a cause should be found, because even though none of the points are out of the control
limit, they are not random and the process may be out of control.
5
Q
- Your team is using a particular method of measuring quality and approving only a tiny
portion of the outputs as per an unyielding pass/fail standard. Which of the following
techniques is your team using?
A. Product analysis
B. Process analysis
C. Attribute sampling
D. Statistical sampling
A
- C. Attribute sampling is a method of either the output is good or bad, pass or fail, on or off.
6
Q
- A project manager is working on a project to install a generator in a local power
company. She is anxious that her project practices are not robust enough and asked
for your expert opinion. You advised her to compare her actual or planned practices to
those of other projects both in and beyond the performing organization to identify a
basis for performance measurement, improvement ideas, and best practices. Which of
the following tools & techniques have you asked her to utilize?
A. Design of experiments
B. Cost-benefit analysis
C. Statistical sampling
D. Benchmarking
A
- D: Benchmarking is comparing actual or planned practices to those of other projects, both in and beyond the performing organization, to provide a basis for performance measurement, to generate improvement ideas, and to identify best practices. Design of Experiments (DOE) is a statistical method usually applied to the product of a project and provides a ‘“what-if’” analysis of alternatives to identify which factors might improve quality. Statistical sampling involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection instead of measuring the entire population. Cost-benefit analysis is a comparison of the cost of quality to the expected benefit. The benefit of quality must outweigh the cost of achieving it. The primary benefit of quality is increased stakeholders’ satisfaction and less rework, which means higher productivity and lower cost.
7
Q
- You are the project manager of a project to implement a golf simulator for a local golf
club. Quality is the first thing in your mind, and you hired a Subject Matter Expert (SME)
to ascertain if the project activities comply with organizational and project policies and
procedures. The SME is particularly interested in identifying ineffective and inefficient
activities or processes used in the project as well as gaps and deficiencies in your
processes. You have initiated which of the following?
A. Design of experiments
B. Develop quality control measurements
C. Audit
D. Prevention functions
A
- C: An audit during the Manage Project Quality process is performed to determine if project activities comply with organizational policies and procedures.
8
Q
- You discovered a pattern of flaws in several projects you are working on as a senior
project manager. You have the impression that some kind of deficiency in the process
your organization is using may be contributing to these repetitive defects. You
conducted a cause and effect analysis and formulated a few recommendations for
process change to avoid this recurring problem in future projects. You are in which of
the following processes?
A. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
B. Plan Quality
C. Manage Project Quality
D. Control Quality
A
- C: You are in the Manage Project Quality process. This is the process to determine if the project activities comply with organizational and project policies, standards, processes, and procedures. This process is primarily concerned with overall process improvement and does not deal with inspecting the product for quality or measuring defects. The primary focus is on steadily improving the processes and activities undertaken to achieve quality.
9
Q
- You are the project manager supervising a project to develop a new wireless media
streaming device. The client asked you to have vigorous quality as it is one of their
major concerns. You are in the Plan Quality Management process of identifying all the
pertinent quality requirements, specifications, and standards for the project and product
and specifying how those specifications will be met. You will be using all of the following
as inputs of the Plan Quality Management process EXCEPT:
A. Scope baseline
B. Stakeholder register
C. Quality metrics
D. Schedule baseline
A
- C: Quality metrics is an operational definition that specifies how quality will be measured. It is an output of the Plan Quality Management process, not an input.
10
Q
- Plan-Do-Check-Act is a cycle of activities designed to drive continuous improvement.
This theory was popularized by which of the following quality theorists?
A. W. Edwards Deming
B. Ishikawa
C. Joseph Juran
D. Philip Crosby
A
- A. Plan-Do-Check-Act is a cycle of iterative activities designed to drive continuous improvement. Initially implemented in manufacturing, it has broad applicability in business. This theory, popularized by Edwards Deming, advocates that business processes should be scrutinized and measured to detect sources of variations that cause products to deviate from customer requirements. The recommendation is to place the business processes in an unremitting feedback loop so that managers can isolate and change the parts of the process that need improvement. The four phases in the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle involve the following:
– Plan: Design or revise business process components to improve results.
– Do: Implement the plan and measure its performance.
– Check: Assess the measurements and report the results to decision makers.
– Act: Decide on changes needed to improve the process.
11
Q
- You are the project manager for one of a top wood furniture producers in the world. You are currently overseeing a project to create and manufacture a large amount of custom furniture for several major local retailers. Your organization has decided to practice justin- time management and asked you to explore the practice. You found out that all of the following are FALSE about just-in-time EXCEPT:
A. The project team will have no control over the inventory.
B. It will allow less range of deviation than other inventory solutions.
C. It will decrease the inventory investment.
D. The organization will have lower quality of parts.
A
- C: Just-in-time (JIT) is an inventory management method whereby materials, goods, and labor are scheduled to arrive or to be replenished exactly when needed in the production process; this brings inventory down to zero or to a near-zero level. It decreases costs by keeping only enough inventory on hand to meet immediate production needs.
12
Q
- Monitoring specific project results to determine if they comply with relevant quality
standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes of inadequate results is:
A. Quality assurance
B. Quality planning
C. Quality control
D. Quality management
A
- C: Quality control is utilized to monitor and record results during execution of quality
activities.
13
Q
- You are planning to hire a third-party auditor to perform a scheduled or random
structured review to determine whether your quality management activities comply
with organizational and project processes, policies, and procedures. All of the following will be done in this quality audit EXCEPT:
A. Identify ineffective and inefficient activities or processes used on the project.
B. Identify required improvements, gaps, and shortcomings in the processes.
C. Create quality metrics.
D. Recommend changes and corrective actions to Integrated Change Control.
A
- C: A quality audit is done in the Manage Project Quality process, and quality metrics, which are the outputs in the Plan Quality Management process, are used as inputs in the Manage Project Quality process.
14
Q
- You are overseeing a software application project to implement a custom accounting and financial system for medium to large-sized corporations. The quality assurance team submitted a defect report that has relevant information on the description, severity, root causes, possible resolutions, owner, due date, and reporter of the defects. You intend to
know which causes of defects are most serious so that you can prioritize the potential
causes of the problems. Which of the following tools should you use to isolate the critical
few causes of defects from the uncritical many?
A. Control chart
B. Pareto chart
C. Scatter diagram
D. Fishbone diagram
A
- B: A Pareto chart illustrates which causes of error are most serious. It is displayed as a histogram and shows frequency of error according to cause. The concept is based on the 80/20 rule: “80 percent of the problems come from 20 percent of the causes;” thus, it is important to pay close attention to the 20 percent of critical causes in order to resolve 80 percent of the problems. A Pareto chart:
– Helps focus attention on the most critical issues
– Prioritizes potential causes of the problems
– Is used to determine priorities for quality improvement activities
– Separates the critical few from the uncritical many
15
Q
- Control Quality is the process of monitoring specific project results to determine if
they comply with relevant quality standards and identify ways to eliminate causes of
unsatisfactory results. All of the following are tools & techniques used in Control Quality EXCEPT:
A. Expert judgment
B. Inspection
C. Control chart
D. Cause and effect diagram
A
- A: Expert judgment is not listed as a tool & technique for any of the quality management processes.
