Quantification & Costing Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
How do you Value / Assess Variations?
A
- Pricing Document - works similar in character
- Fair rates - works not similar
- Dayworks - works can’t be quantified
2
Q
What are Dayworks?
A
Prime cost (materials, labour, plant, OHP). e.g. breaking out obstructions. Dayworks sheets must be submitted within 7 days and approved my contract administrator.
3
Q
CESMM4 vs NRM 2
A
CESMM4 - civil engineering projects - higher quantities but less variety of materials.
NRM2 - building projects - lower quantities with great variety
Different approaches make quantification efficient & more accurate.
4
Q
How do you quantify inflation?
A
- Apply BCIS cost indices to the Base Cost Estimate;
- Tender Inflation - cost plan date to tender return)
- Construction Inflation - tender return to the mid-point of the construction programme
5
Q
Why are measurement rules important?
A
- Consistency in measuring construction works on a like for like basis.
6
Q
Strip Foundation Take Off
A
Excavation
disposal
compaction,
formwork
blinding
hardcore
concrete
7
Q
Drainage Take Off
A
- Excavating (stating average depth (500mm increments)
- Granular bed
- Pipe type and size
- Backfill
- Disposal of excess excavated material
8
Q
Why use digital measurement software?
A
- Superimpose measurement
- Save & share
- Update/amend
9
Q
NRM1 Cost Plan Structure
A
0; Facilitating Works
1-8; Building works (see separate breakdown)
9; Preliminaries
10; Overhead & Profit
Works Cost Estimate (Construction)
11; Design Team Fees:
Architect, Civils, M&E, Project Manager, Quantity Surveyor, Principal Designer
12; Other development:
Finance, Planning, Insurances, Party wall, Marketing, Ecology, Archaeology etc.
Base Cost Estimate (Development)
13; Risk Allowances:
Design Development, Construction Risk, Employer Change, Employer Other
Cost Limit exc. Inflation (Dev & Con x Inflation)
Tender Inflation (cost plan date to tender return)
Construction Inflation (tender return to the mid-point of the construction programme)
Cost Limit Inc. inflation (Dev & Con inc. Inflation)
VAT assessment (requirement to be assessed by a tax specialist)
10
Q
Design Development Allowance Levels
A
Stage 0/1 – 20%
Stage 2 – 15%
Stage 3 – 10%
Stage 4 – 5%
11
Q
Employer Change Risk
A
Client type?
Experienced developer or occupier not experienced in construction - significant post contract changes? (e.g. UPS).
A commercial developer might allow 2%
12
Q
Employer Other
A
Depends on the client.
Postponement, acceleration and funding issues
Can’t readily foresee
Commercial developer might allow 2%
13
Q
Provisional Sums
A
Allowance for work that cannot be sufficiently quantified pre-contract due to lack of information.
Defined; included within the programme e.g. kitchens – scope of work is known but exact detail is not confirmed.
Undefined; cannot be included within the programme.
e.g. underground petrol tanks (unclear if removed and/or extent of issue/contamination level)
14
Q
Prime Cost Sum
A
Included in pricing documents to cover expenditure for the purchase of materials.
Prime Cost Sums exclude Main Contractors OH&P, preliminaries and attendances as they are already allowed for.
Material costs only. e.g. tiling allowance where client has not confirmed material but knows they will need tiling
15
Q
What is a Final Account?
A
Legally binding agreement ties together:
Variations
Loss and expense claims
Provisional sum expenditure
Formalizes the financial settlement of the contract with the contractor
UPS - Worst case vs lowest case
L3 - Best to have all info before agreeing final account
16
Q
RICS Code of Measurement Practice
A
- GLOBAL BEST PRACTICE FRAMEWORK FOR MEASURING PROPERTY AREAS
- Provides consistency, internationally.
17
Q
GIA - GEA - NIA
A
GIA - calculation of building costs, basis of measurement for the marketing and valuation
e.g. internal face of ext. wall excludes internal balconies
GEA - planning conditions, measurement for council tax banding
e.g. external face of ext. wall
NIA - Estate agent and valuation to measure sale/lettable space
excludes communal shared areas
18
Q
International Property Measurement Standards (IPMS)
A
IPMS 1, 2 and 3 are more inclusive in measurement then GEA, GIA and NIA.
Included but stated separately;
areas with limited height (less than 1.5m),
Areas with limited natural light,
19
Q
Principles of Measurement International (POMI)
A
International guidance for producing a BoQ (RICS). Widely used on international contracts
International Equivalent to NRM2
20
Q
BIM – Building Information Modelling
1. Describe
2. 2D etc
3. Why not widely used
A
Manages information over the course of a construction project lifecycle
2D Traditional drawings
3D Visual model
4D Time / programme
5D Cost
6D Sustainability
7D Facilities management
Not widely adopted due to:
cost
training
software integration
21
Q
Schedule of Works
A
“Without quantities’ instructional lists - Smaller, uncomplicated projects
Failure to describe may result in a claim by the Contractor.
E.g. works to ceiling of existing building were not outlined so contractor had not made allowance.
Less detailed than BoQ
Quick to produce
22
Q
Schedule of Rates
A
Labour, Plant & OH&P rates
Cost reimbursable contracts
Larger scale ‘measured / term contract’
Nature of work is known but cannot be quantified
e.g. Road Construction
OR
Continuity of programme cannot be determined.
e.g. Ongoing estate management
23
Q
Loss and Expense
A
- Contractor can recover loss and expense to put them back in the financial position that they would otherwise have been in.
- Events which cause delay or disruption to the regular progress of the works.
- Typical causes might include;
- Failure to provide possession or access,
- delays in instructions
- UPS – Omission by Employer (HV power to site) = Prolongation of works
24
Q
Preliminaries
A
Set out how the work is to be undertaken.
e.g. working hours,
planning conditions (noise),
site records(contamination & H&S)
site waste management plan.
Contractor site preliminaries;
Staff
Welfare/offices
Scaffolding
Temporary services
PPE
25
Interim Valuations
Typically monthly
Progress reviewed against the pricing document
e.g. CSA, BoQ, SoW, SoR
Variations, materials on/off site area also assessed.
Doing a Valuation:
Attend site wearing PPE.
Report to the site manager and sign in.
Site induction (e.g. what to do in the event of a fire)
Reviewing a contractor’s application for payment: Take photos
Do mark up (accurately assess progress)
26
Recommendation for payment
- Gross valuation
- Less retention
- Less previous payments
- Agreed with the contractor and issued as “RfP” to the client (only “advice”) by EA/CA.
27
Retention
All building work liable for inclusion when calculating the amount of retention that is deducted from the gross calculation.
Loss and expense claims are excluded from retention.
28
0. Facilitating Works:
- Toxic / contaminated material treatment
- Major demolition works
- Temporary support to adjacent structures
- Specialist groundworks (de-watering, soil stabilisation, ground gas control)
- Temporary diversion works
- Extraordinary site investigation (archaeological, ecology etc)
29
1. Substructure:
Standard foundations
Specialist foundations (piling etc)
Lowest floor construction
Basement excavation
Basement retaining walls
30
3. Finishes:
Wall
Floor
Ceiling
31
4. Furnishings, Fittings and Equipment
Kitchens
Wardrobes
Furniture
Signs
32
5. Services
Sanitary (WC’s, Sinks, Showers)
Disposal installations (Foul drainage above ground)
Water installations (Mains, cold & hot distribution)
Heat source (Combi Boiler, Air/Ground Source)
Space heating (Central/ local heating & cooling i.e. radiators, under-floor heating, Air Con etc
Ventilation (Central, Local and Smoke extract/control)
Electrical (Mains & sub distribution, power, lighting)
33
6. Prefabricated buildings
Security cabin
bathroom pods
34
7. Works to existing buildings
Minor demolition and alteration
Damp proof courses
Façade retention
Renovation work
35
8. External works
Site preparation works (clearance and groundworks prep)
Roads, paths, paving’s and surfacing’s
Soft landscaping, planting and irrigation systems
Fencing, railings and walls
External fixings (site furniture and features)
External drainage (surface and foul water, chemical waste, land drainage)
External services (water, electric mains and distribution, transformation, gas, comms, security, lighting, heating, BWIC)
Minor buildings work (minor work, ancillary structures, underpinning to site boundary)
36
Pricing Documents
Bill of Quantities:
JCT SBC/Q 2016
Standard Building Contract with Approximate Quantities (SBC/AQ)
NEC4 (Options B and D)
Contract Sum Analysis:
JCT D&B 2016
JCT SBC/XQ 2016
Schedule of Works:
JCT IC 2016
JCT MW 2016
Schedule of Rates:
Measured Term Contract (MTC)
e.g. Roads, estate maintenance
Prime Cost Building Contract (PCC)
e.g. Cost reimbursable (emergency work)
Activity Schedule:
NEC3 (Option A and C)
37
Cost Approaches - RIBA 0-4 (Quantification)
0. Functional -£/per bed/person etc; Resi, Flats, Houses - Hospital; Beds – School; Nr of students
GIA - £/m2
1. Elemental – Substructure, Superstructure etc
2-3. Sub Element – Ground Floor Slab, Upper Floor, Roof, External wall
4. Full breakdown of items:
Piled Foundation Take Off – End bearing, bored pile; Excavate & dispose to formation level, piling mat, setup piling rig, excavate, dispose, place concrete, reinforcement, pile caps, cut off heads, testing
38
Ground Floor Slab Take Off
Excavate
dispose
compact ground
hardcore,
insulation
damp proof membrane
concrete
39
Build-up of unit rates and prices from first principles, i.e. labour, plant, materials, etc.
Tiling 10m2 =
Labour; 16 hours @ £15ph= £240
Materials; Tiles, grout, adhesive = £300
Total £540 + 5% OHP= £567
Divide by area (10) = £57/m2"
40
What is the easiest way to cost a variation?
Comparable rates from a BoQ.
Fair and contractually definitive way of valuing works.
41
VALUATION/PAYMENT TIMELINE D&B
1. Contractor makes Application for Payment at the IVD (1st)
2. Due Date is 7 days after (8th)
3. Interim Payment Notice is issued 5 days after the due date (13th)
4. Employer can issue Pay Less Notice 5 days before the final date for payment (17th)
5. Final Date for Payment is 14 days from due date (22nd) (typically amended to 21 days (29th))"
42
Why is it important to accurately value the work?
If the works are overvalued and the contractor becomes insolvent then any funds paid to the contractor that are paid in excess of their value of the works becomes at risk.
43
OH&P
Main contractor’s costs associated with:
- Head office administration
- Return on capital investment
44
How would you identify prelims % when doing a cost plan?
Split them into TIME and FIXED costs.
Time based to be calculated by duration of the programme. e.g. security, site cabins per week x programme (50 weeks)"
Scaffolding (both time and fixed - erect & remove as well as ongoing hire cost)
45
UPDATe - How would you assess a loss and expense claim?
-Identify circumstances - 2 week delay
-What caused events - LV power not brought to site
-Effect on resources - Prolongation
-Financial impact - increased preliminaries
46
How have you adjusted a tender return?
DCC demo:
Not filled out elements (complete)
Inserted their own prov sums (ask to firm up)
Adjust incorrect assumptions (e.g. free water)
47
When have you introduced a Provisional Sum? Prime Cost Sum? How would you instruct/omit one?
Defined; kitchens – scope of work is largely known but exact detail is not confirmed.
Undefined; cannot be included within the programme.
E.g. underground petrol tanks (unclear if removed and/or extent of issue/contamination level)
Instructed in the same way as variation if instructed. If cost change original allowance is omitted and new is included.
48
What is a BoQ? Pros & Cons
Project drawings and specifications are all utilised to form detailed measure and price for works. NRM2
BoQ’s are clear in what is included for the project.
+ Good basis for tender reviews and
+ Post contract change control.
- Slow to compile and are relatively expensive.
49
What are typically included in tender documents JCT D&B?
Part 1 – Employer’s Requirements
Part 2 – Appendices
Contract Sum Analysis
Drawings
Specification
Site Investigation
Contract Amendments
Part 3 – Contractor’s Proposals
50
Quantification for D&B and Traditional contracts? Characteristics of pricing documents , Pros & Cons
D&B (ERs) - Performance spec / general requirements depending on design development
Traditional (Q) - Must be explicit and accurate (Easy for contractor to price)
Traditional (xQ) - The client passes the risk for the quantities to the contractor. However, by not utilising a BoQ, it is harder to compare the contractors tender returns. Also, the contractor will price any risk where it may not be easy to identify quantities as well as covering the cost of accurately taking off quantities) Schedule of Works
Traditional (Approx) - Quantities must be measured as part of the valuation process. Contract value is based remeasurment.
51
REVIEW Quantification for Re-Measurable and Cost Re-Imbursable Contracts? Characteristics of Pricing Docs, Pros and Cons
REVIEW Re-Measurable (SBC Approx Quants) - Without quantities' instructional lists often produced on ""non complex"" projects or for alteration work. Should properly describe every significant item of work to which they relate. Failure to do so may result in a claim by the Contractor.
Cost Re-Imbursable (SoR) -A prime cost building contract would typically only be used for urgent works such as fire damage, water/flood damage whereby the building and/or area in question must continue to be used. This would be in busy places whereby the commercial loss of closure would far outweigh the cost of the construction works. For example, airports, hotels."
52
What is your proffered method of pricing works? Give examples where each approach would be beneficial e.g. Traditional, Cost Reimbursable, Re-Measurement, CSA/SoW
The approach should align with the project situation. A BoQ is prefferable however is only available when lots of design information is available.
Emergency work = cost reimbursable (Time & Quality more important than cost)
Re-measurement - e.g. roads where full info is not available. Scope is known but not the extent of work is not. It is accepted that works like that is impossible to fully forecast.
CSA / SoW - Used for smaller or simplistic projects where the contractor will be able to understand the scope of what is required without a full BoQ so this is more efficient.
53
Preparing a Price List vs CSA
Price list compiled by the contractor under NEC.
They are deemed to be the expert
QS can stipulate the method in which the contractor approaches the pricing i.e. NRM2
54
Why can you not always use a BoQ?
Full information is not available at time of tendering e.g. D&B (stage 2/3)
55
Why is a more detailed Price List beneficial?
Easier analysis of tender returns
Easier to value the works for:
Valuations
Valuing change
56
How might BIM be beneficial for takeoff?
An element of take off can be automated through "layered" drawings
Information is built into the drawing
e.g. m2 of different finishes are defined
57
As a QS how should you approach BIM info in respect of Quanities?
Understand if the information complies with NRM rules
OR
Does it need to be adjusted?
58
Valuing / Assessing Variations –
1. Works similar in character to contract works the pricing document should be used.
2. If works are not similar then “fair rates” and prices should be used. The clients QS should review prices with comparable work and request necessary back up documents to substantiate the costs.
3. Dayworks should be used if works can’t be quantified. Prime cost (materials, labour, plant, OHP). Breaking out obstructions
59
CESMM4 vs NRM 2
CESMM4 is used for civil engineering projects which typically have higher quantities but less variety of materials. The different approach to measurement makes quantification easier/more accurate.
60
Setting Scales
Ensures accuracy of the quantification drawings and subsequent costing. Inaccurate measurement places the QS’ PI at risk should misleading cost advice be provided to a client.
61
Reliance on area schedules
QS’ role is to verify the accuracy of design work particularly in respect of quantities, so it is always important to verify that areas schedules are correct. For example, an architect may have incorrectly identified the net internal area which may result in the development appearing more or less profitable than it actually is.
62
Inflation
BCIS cost indices; Tender Inflation (cost plan date to tender return) - Construction Inflation (tender return to the mid-point of the construction programme)
63
What assumptions did you make on the Meole Brace Cost Plan at Stage 2?
Structural frame m2 allowance inc intumescent paint
Strip foundation - 0.6 x 1
Pads - 2 x 1.5 x 1
Cost were derived by using the GIA
Ground floor slab @ 175
64
Importance of Measurement Rules
Provide consistency to measurement of construction works which allows comparison on a like for like basis.
65
Drainage Take Off
Excavating trenches stating average depth (500mm increments) - Granular bed - Pipe type and size - Backfill and disposal of excess excavated material - Manholes; type and size - Connection to existing sewers.
66
Depth Categories
1. NE 2m depth
2. Over 2m NE 4m
3. 2m stage thereafter (Detail ground obstructions)
67
Cost X / Digital Measurement
Superimpose measurement.
Save & share.
Update/amend.
68
NRM1 Cost Plan Structure:
0; Facilitating Works
1-8; Building works (see separate breakdown)
9; Preliminaries
10; Overhead & Profit
Works Cost Estimate (Construction)
11; Design Team Fees:
Architect, Civils, M&E, Project Manager, Quantity Surveyor, Principal Designer
12; Other development:
Finance, Planning, Insurances, Party wall, Marketing, Ecology, Archaeology etc.
Base Cost Estimate (Development)
13; Risk Allowances:
Design Development, Construction Risk, Employer Change, Employer Other
Cost Limit exc. Inflation
14.Tender Inflation (cost plan date to tender return)
Construction Inflation (tender return to the mid-point of the construction programme)
Cost Limit Inc. inflation (Dev & Con inc. Inflation)
VAT assessment (requirement to be assessed by a tax specialist)
69
Risk Allowance - how to
The base cost estimate would be adjusted by adding any risk allowances to form the cost limit exc inflation. For example if a 5% Design Development risk was applied and the base cost was £1m then the DD risk factor would equate to £50k.
70
Design Development Allowance Levels -
Stage 0-1 – 20%
Stage 2 – 15%
Stage 3 – 10%
Stage 4 – 5%
71
Employer Change Risk
Largely dependent on the type of Client. For example; are they a commercial developer who is unlikely to make significant post contract changes or are they an occupier who may not have much construction experience and may decide to make significant post contract changes (UPS). A commercial developer might allow 2%
72
Employer Other
Similarly to the last point it depends on the client. However, the risk refers to postponement, acceleration and funding issues so can’t readily be foreseen. Again, a commercial developer might allow 2%.
73
Construction Risk
Construction risk should be allowed for dependent on the unknown elements of the project. Is there an abundance of information for the project or are there still unknown elements of the work or how it is to be carried out? Allowances can vary greatly depending on the risk of a project. Typically an allowance would be in the region of 5-10%.
74
Issues with large Risk Allowances
If risk allowances go significantly over 20/25% then it might communicate to the project team that there is a generous allowance for costs to escalate. If there is a large risk allowance on the project it should ideally be managed by the client and should not be communicated to the contractor.
75
Provisional Sums
Allowance for work that cannot be sufficiently quantified pre-contract due to lack of information. Defined; included within the programme e.g. kitchens – scope of work is known but exact detail is not confirmed. Undefined; cannot be included within the programme. E.g. underground petrol tanks (unclear if removed and/or extent of issue/contamination level)
L2
Defined - UPS Kitchens
Undefined - Underground perol tanks - easier alternative UPS???
76
Prime Cost Sum -
Included in pricing documents to cover expenditure for the purchase of materials. Prime Cost Sums exclude Main Contractors OH&P, preliminaries and attendances – Contractor should have already allowed for these as part of the contract. Material costs only. E.g. tiling allowance where client has not confirmed material
77
Dayworks -
Prime cost of the works with a percentage uplift.
Contractor must provide dayworks sheets within 7 days of works.
1. Materials
2. Labour
3. Plant
4. OHP.
Used when works cannot be quantified prior.
E.g. breaking out obstructions in the ground as the extent of work is only known after it has been completed.
78
Final Accounts -
Legally binding agreement that ties together any post contract financial aspects such as:
1. Variations
2. Loss and expense claims
3. Provisional sum expenditure etc.
Denotes the financial settlement with the contractor making clear what outstanding payment is due as well as what retention will remain.
L2 - UPS - Worst case high figure MC vs lowest case AECOM
L3 - UPS advise client against agreeing final account early with MC as in contractors favour to do so
79
Stage 1 vs Stage 4 Costing –
Stage 1; limited design information. Considerable assumptions must be made.
At Stage 4 (technical) the construction design is almost fully developed therefore there are few if any assumptions. As such costing is more detailed so will be more accurate.
£/m2 (GIA) basis.
Elemental initially on a £/m2 basis. E.g. Foundations, Floors, Walls, Roof, M&E.
As more design information is provided, individual sub-elements can be quantified.
80
What is the GEA used for?
Planning conditions
Council tax banding
81
GIA -
Building costs
Sales / lettings marketing
Valuation of buildings
82
NIA -
Valuation or sale/letting of individual units (as opposed to the whole building)
83
Why include Inflation?
Two key types
Market is likely to have changed due to supply and demand which may have pushed prices up or down.
Adjusts costing to be more in line with what construction values are likely to be in the future. BCIS provide an inflation indices.
Tender Price Index
Construction Price Index
84
What is a Location Factor?
When would you use it? What stage?
London to Newcastle prices are likely going to vary significantly.
Benchmarking - rebasing cost information. Early stage only as part of establishing cost limit
85
What is a Composite Quantity?
Applies multiple rates to a single building element in order to provide an indication of cost when there is not sufficient detail to cost individual components.
It is important when using composite quantities that comparable projects are used. I.e. the same components of the project will be used on your project.
e.g. Ground floor slab or external wall.
e.g. £500m2 vs breakdown of all component parts
86
IPL Canal Wall –
Dam
Pump out
Excavate earth
Remove wall
Formwork
Concrete wall
Backfill earth
Remove dam
Capping brickwork
87
What does CESMM 4 stand for?
Published by?
What is it?
What contracts is it typically used with?
Civil Engineering Standard Methods Measurement
Published by the ICE.
Sets out how to produce a BoQ for Civils works.
NEC4, ICC & FIDIC contracts.
88
What is POMI?
Principles of Measurement International
International guidance for producing a BoQ (RICS).
Widely used on international contracts
e.g. Works procured and managed in the UK but works located abroad. (International Equivalent to NRM2)
89
What is BIM?
Building Information Modelling creates and manages information over the course of a construction project lifecycle.
Not widely adopted due to:
Cost
Training
Software integration.
90
What is a Schedule of Works?
“Without quantities' instructional lists often produced on smaller projects or for alteration work.
Should properly describe every significant item of work to which they relate. Failure to do so may result in a claim by the Contractor.
E.g. works to ceiling of existing building were not outlined so contractor had not made allowance.
91
What is a Schedule of Rates?
When would it be used / what contract?
Sets out the labour, plant & OH&P rates the contractor will use for pricing cost reimbursable contracts.
However, on a much larger scale, a schedule of rates “term contract', or 'measured term contract' may be used when the nature of work required is known but it cannot be quantified, or if continuity of programme cannot be determined.
In the absence of an estimate, tenderers quote unit rates against a document that is intended to cover all likely activities that might form part of the works.
92
What is Loss and Expense?
Give an example of when you have assessed a claim?
Which relevant matter was applicable?
– The contractor is entitled to recover loss and expense in order to put them back in the financial position that they would otherwise have been in.
Entitled to recover direct loss and expense for events which cause delay or disruption to the regular progress of the works. This is provided that the event is or can be proved to be caused or having been derived from the actions for which the client is responsible.
Typical causes might include; failure to provide possession or access, delays in instructions.
L3 – Fairview; Carehome – Delay in possession to site - Prolongation of works
93
What are Preliminaries?
What prelims were there on Wrexham?
NRM Prelim Components
- These set out the way in which the work is to be undertaken.
- For example;
- Working hours
- Site waste management plan
- Contractor site preliminaries;
- staff,
- welfare/offices
- plant
- utilities
- consumables
- PPE
- site transport.
94
What is an Interim Valuations?
How would you do a Valuation?
- Typically done monthly. Work progress is reviewed against the pricing document
e.g. CSA. Variations, materials on/off site area also assessed.
- Review contractor application
- Attend site; wear PPE.
- Report to the site manager. Sign in. Site induction (e.g. dangerous hazards and/ or areas prohibited from access or what to do in the event of a fire)
- Take photos and mark up
95
Reviewing a contractor’s application for payment
- Take photos & do mark up (accurately assess progress)
- Review prelim claim against programme
- If project in delay, review expenditure against Contract Sum e.g. 400k on £1m would be 40%
96
How do you calculate an interim valuation?
Gross valuation,
less retention,
less previous payments.
EA issues payment notice
CA payment certificate
97
What can retention be held against?
What can't have retention held against it?
All building work is liable for inclusion when calculating the amount of retention that is deducted from the gross calculation.
Loss and expense claims are excluded from retention.
98
0. Facilitating Works:
Toxic / contaminated material treatment
Major demolition works
Temporary support to adjacent structures
Specialist groundworks (de-watering, soil stabilisation, ground gas control)
Temporary diversion works
Extraordinary site investigation (archaeological, ecology etc)
99
Substructure:
Standard foundations
Specialist foundations (piling etc)
Lowest floor construction
Basement excavation
Basement retaining walls
100
How would you measure a basement?
Kings Tower:
Excavation 5m deep - £10/m3
Temporary propping
Slab reinforced 2m 125kg/m3 £650/m2
- Embedded basement retaining wall; contiguous piled; 750mm dia piles at
1,050mm centres; 14m deep - £200/m
- Basement retaining wall; reinforced concrete; 600mm thick; 150kg/m3
reinforcement - £350/m2
- Piling mat allowance; assumed 500mm thick at 50% of site
area £25/m2
- Mobilisation / de- item £10k
- Moving rig - £75 nr
- Guide wall - £150/m
- Removal of excavated material - £35/m3
- Cutting pile heads - £75 nr
- Integrity testing - £85 nr
- Capping beam 1.2 deep £750/m
- COncrete spray - £300/m2
101
How did you quantify the plant eleemnts on Kings Tower?
TBC
102
Superstructure:
Frame
Roof
Upper Floors
External & Internal Walls
External & Internal Doors
Windows
Stairs & Ramps
103
NRM 2 - Steel Frame
- Measured as tonnage
- Lengths 1-9m
- Weight
- Column, Beam, Rafter, Bracing, Purlins/Cladding rail
- Castellated, tapered, curved
- Allowance for fittings - 10% of tonnage
104
NRM 2 window?
105
NRM 2 wall?
1. Wall m2 (state thickness)
2. Type - brick/block/stone
3. Insulation
4. Inner wall
106
Finishes:
Wall
Floor
Ceiling
107
Furnishings, Fittings and Equipment
Kitchens,
Wardrobes,
Furniture,
Signs,
Cycle racks
108
NRM 2 kitchens?
109
5. Services
- Sanitary (WC’s, Sinks, Showers)
- Disposal installations (Foul drainage above ground, chemical disposal, refuse disposal)
- Water installations (Mains, cold & hot distribution)
- Heat source (Combi Boiler, Wood Chip, Air/Ground Source)
- Space heating and air conditioning (Central/ local heating & cooling i.e. radiators, under-floor heating, Air Con etc
- Ventilation (Central, Local and Smoke extract/control)
- Electrical (Mains & sub distribution, power outlets, lighting, local generation (PV), Earthing and bonding
- Fuel installations (Fuel storage & distribution i.e. oil tank and pipe to boiler)
- Lift and conveyor installations (Lifts, escalators, stairlifts, conveyors, dock levellers)
- Fire and lightning (Fire fighting, fire suppression, lightning protection e.g. sprinklers, dry/wet risers)
- Communication, security and central control/building management systems (alarm systems, cctv, intercoms, data)
- Specialist installations (electrical/ mechanical /refrigeration systems, water features)
- Builder work in connection with services
110
NRM 2 Space heating
111
NRM 2 WC
112
Example of Prefabricated buildings
Security cabin,
bathroom pods
113
Works to existing buildings
Minor demolition and alteration
Repairs to existing services
Damp proof courses
Façade retention
Cleaning existing surfaces
Renovation work
114
External works
Site preparation works (clearance and groundworks prep)
Roads, paths, paving’s and surfacing’s
Soft landscaping, planting and irrigation systems
Fencing, railings and walls
External fixings (site furniture and features)
External drainage (surface and foul water, chemical waste, land drainage)
External services (water, electric mains and distribution, transformation, gas, comms, security, lighting, heating, BWIC)
Minor buildings work (minor work, ancillary structures, underpinning to site boundary)
115
NRM 2 Paving
m2 paving area
bedding thickness stated TBC
116
NRM 2 Road
117
Pricing Documents
Bill of Quantities:
JCT SBC/Q 2016
Standard Building Contract with Approximate Quantities (SBC/AQ)
NEC4 (Options B and D)
Contract Sum Analysis:
JCT D&B 2016
JCT SBC/XQ 2016
Schedule of Works:
JCT IC 2016
JCT MW 2016
Schedule of Rates
Measured Term Contract (MTC) – Roads, estate maintenance
Prime Cost Building Contract (PCC) – Cost reimbursable (emergency work)
Activity Schedule
NEC3 (Option A and C)
118
Cost Approaches
GIA - £/m2 - Functional -£/per bed/person etc; Resi, Flats, Houses - Hospital; Beds – School; Nr of students
Elemental – NRM; Substructure, Superstructure etc
Element – Ground Floor Slab, Upper Floor, Roof, External wall
Full breakdown of items:
Piled Foundation Take Off – End bearing, bored pile; Excavate & dispose to formation level, piling mat, setup piling rig, excavate, dispose, place concrete, reinforcement, pile caps, cut off heads, testing
JCT MW 2016
Schedule of Rates
Measured Term Contract (MTC) – Roads, estate maintenance
Prime Cost Building Contract (PCC) – Cost reimbursable (emergency work)
Activity Schedule
NEC3 (Option A and C)
119
GFS Take Off –
excavate
dispose
compact ground
hardcore
insulation
damp proof membrane
concrete
120
Road Take Off –
Sub-base,
Road-course base,
asphalt base,
binder course,
surface
121
How do you approach prelims using NRM 2?
122
How would you quantify formwork? using NRM 2
1. less than 500 high linear M
2. 500+ m2
123
How is a BoQ put together?
Preliminaries - management of the building project, site establishment, security, safety, environmental protection and common user mechanical plant, as well as the client’s completion and post-completion requirements
Measured works - main part of the BQ, which lists all the items of work to be undertaken
Non measured works:
Provisional Sum - Provisional sums are sums included for any items of work that are anticipated, but for which no firm design has been developed
Contract design - Contractor-designed works include any works that are designed by a contractor, whether directly or via a subcontractor.
124
What might impact on OH&P?
Project
Location
Economics
