Quebec Nationalism Flashcards
(25 cards)
Why did French patriotism start in Quebec?
Since 1760, the Francophone population felt like the government did not care about the francophone people, and by 1914 Quebec did not identify with France or Britain, and were their own nation
What was the Military service act?
After conscription was ended in 1914, manpower began to die down and Prime Minister Bourdon decided to make conscription mandatory in 1917. This made relations with Canadien people tense, as they felt they should not be grouped with Britain or France, and this war was not their own
What occured in 1960?
Jean Lesage took power, and relations between anglophones who began to make settlements in Quebec and english rule were incredibly tense. The Quiet revolution was started
What did the Quiet Revolution do?
Made Quebecois nationalism and identity increased, and encouraged Quebecois people to identify themselves as such. French language was spoken now in public institutions and social programs
What was done in 1963?
The Bilingualism and Biculturalism commission investigated Quebec to investigate Quebecois and Canadian relations, as well as see what steps should be taken in Canada
What did the Biligualism and Biculturalism promote?
They promoted French and English acros Canada, and in politics. They wanted equality for Francophones and Anglophones
What Act was passed in 1969? What did this act do?
The official languages act was passed, and this cited both english and french as official languages
What party was formed in 1968? Why? What was their intent?
The Parti Quebecois was formed because they believed the Quiet Revolution did not go far enough to secure Francophone future.
What is the Sovereignty Association?
It was the idea that Quebec would seperate and have the benefits of being an independent nation and the economic benefits of having trade relations with the rest of Canada
Who were Larandeau and Dunton;?
They were cochairs of the Bilingualism and Biculturalism comission
Who founded the Parti Quebecois? When?
Rene Levesque founded it in 1968
What is Bill 101 (Charter of the French Language)?
The Parti Quebecois led by Rene Levesque helped to make this law that would garunte a future for Francophone by making French the national language of Quebec
Why was the Bill of Rights not secure?
It was only a Bill, and could be changed easily by subsequent governments. So they wanted to entrench the bill in their constitution, but they had to go through the Crown to do that
What did the Bill of Rights do? When was it made?
Diefenbaker of the conservative party made the Bill of Rights in 1960 to detail Canadian rights and equality
Why was the Notwithstanding Clause used while Pierre Trudeau tried to change the constitution?
Because provinces have a hard time agreeing with each other, the clause was used as a bragaining tool to nudge the provinces into including the Charter of Rights and freedoms into the constitution
When was the Charter entrenched in the constitution giving Canada full soverignty?
1982
What did Rene Levesque think about the Charter being entrenched?
He believed the Charter did not go far enough to secure Language rights and he suggested Sovereignty Association
What happened on the Night of Long Knives?
During the drafting of the constitution, a draft was struck in the middle of the night with premiers, excluding Levesque. The next morning he was informed, and opted not to sign the new Constitution
Why is Quebec not able to just leave Canada without signing the constitution?
They were apart of the BNA act, and the charter/constitution is merely an amendment to the BNA act
What did PM Brian Mulroney do in 1984?
He decided to try and draft a Distinct Society clause for Quebec and put them back into the Charter. This would provide less federal spending in Quebec, a role for Quebec to appoint judges, and increased powers in the field of immigration
What was the Meech Lake accord?
It was presented by Brian Mulroney in 1987 to amend the constitution and give Quebec more control to try and appease them. It never went through because of all the fighting that occurred during the meeting.
What is the Charlottetown Accord?
It was an accord proposed by Brian Mulroney in 1992 after the failure of the Meech Lake accord. It tried to get provinces jurisdiction over Provincial matters like forestry, mining, and healthcare. Because of the criticism of the Meech Lake accord, the Charlottetown Accord was proposed as a referendum towards the Canadian people
What was the 1995 referendum?
This referendum asked the Quebec population whether they believed Quebec should become sovereign or not. 50.6% answered NO, 49.4 voted YES
What was the Clarity Act?
It was an act created in 2000 to define what exactly would constitute the breakup of a country following a referendum. It allowed the H of C to decide if a question asked was clear before a vote, and made sure a large majority of the population wanted to seperate
