Quest 6

Question 1

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 1

Males and females are often strictly different in size and appearance

Question 2

Sexual selection

Answer 2

Differential reproductive success due to variation among individuals in obtaining mates

Question 3

Which sex should be choosy?

Answer 3

The one that invests more

Question 4

Which sex should compete?

Answer 4

The one that invests less

Question 5

Which sex is subject to WEAK sexual selection?

Answer 5

The sex that invests more

Question 6

Which sex is subject to STRONG sexual selection?

Answer 6

The sex that invests less

Question 7

Intrasexual competition

Answer 7

Male - male competition
Males fight among themselves to control a resource important to females OR control of a group of females

Question 8

Intersexual competition

Answer 8

Female choice
Males may advertise for females by displaying or singing

Question 9

Hypotheses for intersexual selection

Answer 9

Direct benefit, Good genes, Runaway selection, Sensory bias

Question 10

Direct benefit Hypothesis

Answer 10

individuals choose mates who can directly provide immediate advantages that improve their own survival or reproductive success

Question 11

Amplexus

Answer 11

Males and females are joined in “mate guarding”

Question 12

Good genes Hypothesis

Answer 12

Males are often “showy”
Individuals choose mates based on traits that signal “good genes”

Question 13

Handicap principle

Answer 13

Something about costly behaviors or features that makes a reliable signal

Question 14

Runaway selection Hypothesis (Fisher Process)

Answer 14

Linkage disequilibrium between trait gene in males and preference gene in females

Question 15

Sexy son Hypothesis

Answer 15

Females choose a mate w/ attractive traits not because they are better or healthier but because sons will inherit the attractive traits and be more likely to find mates.

Question 16

Sensory bias model

Answer 16

Mate preferences evolved because females already had a sensory system turned into a certain stimuli

Question 17

Postcopulatory sexual selection

Answer 17

Competition after mating
Sperm competition

Question 18

Strategies of postcopulatory

Answer 18

1. Mate guarding
2. Blocking female genital opening
3. Removing other males sperm

Question 19

Precopulatory sexual selection

Answer 19

Infanticide
(Males will come in to new area and kill all preexisting young so females need to remate)

Question 20

Monogamy

Answer 20

one male, and one female

Question 21

Polygyny

Answer 21

One male, and two females

Question 22

Polyandry

Answer 22

Two male, and one females

Question 23

Polygyandry

Answer 23

more than one male and more than one female

Question 24

In the case of Environmental Unpredictability, Number of Niches, Parasite Load when will asexual reproduction be favored?

Answer 24

When the factors are low asexual will be favored.

Question 25

Asexual reproduction

Answer 25

Offspring unfertilized gametes

Question 26

Apomixis (Asexual Repro)

Answer 26

Single meiosis division Most like mitosis and more common

Question 27

Automixis (Asexual repro)

Answer 27

Haploid gamete stage

Question 28

Sexual reproduction (Amphimixis)

Answer 28

diploid individuals produce haploid gametes via meiosis

Question 29

Three steps of sexual reproduction

Answer 29

1. Recombination 2. Gamete Production 3. Gamete Fusion

Question 30

Recombination

Answer 30

Crossover between homologous chromosome

Question 31

Gamete production

Answer 31

Production of haploid gametes

Question 32

Gamete fusion

Answer 32

Gametic exchange between unrelated individuals

Question 33

Anisogamy

Answer 33

Two different gametes

Question 34

Isogamy

Answer 34

One type of gamete

Question 35

Other costs of sex (4)

Answer 35

1. Cost in searching for a mate 2. Cost in courting a mate 3. When searching and courting, organisms are less vigilant to predators 4. Infections from mating

Question 36

Benefits of sexual reproduction

Answer 36

1. Sexual reproduction purges deleterious mutations 2. Sexual reproduction generates genetic variation to improve chances against selection

Question 37

Muller's Ratchet

Answer 37

Build up of deleterious mutations

Question 38

The Fisher - Muller Hypothesis

Answer 38

Sex accelerated adaptive evolution

Question 39

Red Queen Hypothesis

Answer 39

Takes all the running in the world to stay in the same place

Question 40

Red Queen Hypothesis Predictions

Answer 40

1. Oscillations int he relative frequency of asexual lineages when parasites are present 2. Time lags between evolution of a new host defense and the ability of the pathogen to find a way around it 3. Correlation between parasite load and sexual reproduction

Question 41

Cooperation

Answer 41

when two or more individual receive a benefit from joint actions

Question 42

Cooperation

Answer 42

Pay an immediate cost for actions, but overall fitness is increased is cooperation is achieved

Question 43

Direct fitness

Answer 43

viable offspring

Question 44

Indirect fitness

Answer 44

Effect of your behavior of the direct fitness of genetic relatives

Question 45

Inclusive fitness

Answer 45

The sum of direct and indirect fitness

Question 46

Eusociality

Answer 46

1. Reproductive Division of Labor 2. Cooperative Rearing 3. Overlapping Generations