Questions for NZ Flashcards
1
Q
When were the first vines planted in New Zealand?
A
In 1819, North Island
2
Q
Who and where made the first wine production in New Zealand?
A
James Busby in 1830s in Northland.
3
Q
??When did wine production first appear in New Zealand?
A
First record of actual wine production dates to the late 1830s, when James Busby, a British minister involved in early viticultural efforts in New South Wales, planted a small vineyard from French and Spanish cuttings at his estate in Northland.
4
Q
?? Why the New Zealand wine industry developed very late (and slowly)？
A
1) “Six o’clock swill,” an early closing hour for pubs instituted in both Australia and New Zealand during World War I , lasted until 1967 on the North and South Islands of New Zealand.
2) Lower quality hybrids were dominated, in 1960, “Albany Surprise” was New Zealand’s most planted variety.
3) Depression hampered sales in the 1930s, and cheap imported wines were readily available
4) Wine shops were not allowed to sell single bottles of wine until 1955, and restaurants first gained the right to sell wine in 1960. A winery itself could not sell a glass of wine until 1976, and the country’s last “dry” areas—relics of the temperance movement—persisted until the 1990s.
5
Q
Who first defined most of New Zealand’s production areas?
A
Romeo Bragato, an Austrian viticulturist from Victoria
6
Q
??When did New Zealand wine’s quality remarkablely rised?
A
1) In the 1970s, European Vitis vinifera vines gradually began to replace the hybrid and table grape plantings—a process hastened by a government-sponsored vine pull scheme in 1986.
2) An emphasis on the importance of canopy management and site selection in the 1980s and 1990s followed, vastly improving the mean quality of the wines.
7
Q
In 1960s which was the most planted grape variety in New Zealand?
A
Albany Surprise =Isabella: a hybrid of a wild Vitis labrusca x Vitis vinifera.
The red grape variety originates from the USA. The most important of the approximately 80 synonyms are Albany, Albany Surprise, Alexander, Americano…
8
Q
By 2019, how many wineries are founded in New Zealand?
A
716 wineries
9
Q
??Which is NZ’s largest winemaking company?When was it established?
A
Montana, in 1973
10
Q
??Which is Marlborough’s first commercial vineyard? Which is the first vintage of Sauvignon Blanc in this winery?
A
Montana; 1979.
11
Q
??Which winery’s Sauvignon Blanc put Marlborough on the map?
A
Cloudy Bay Launched in 1985.
12
Q
??Which winery released NZ’s first varietal wine?
A
Montana, Gisborne Chardonnay
13
Q
??By 2019, how many % of New Zealand’s vineyards were located in Marlborough? How many % of the country’s total acreage was planted with Sauvignon Blanc?
A
70%; 60% was Sauvignon Blanc.
14
Q
??Which is the world’s eastermost and southernmost winemaking country?
A
New Zealand.
15
Q
Northland’s latitude is comparable to which region in Europe?
A
Jerez in Spain
16
Q
What’s the latitude of Central Otago?
A
45th parallel south.
17
Q
??When was New Zealand Winegrowers established?
A
In 2002,
18
Q
??When was “Screwcap Initiative established? What does this association do?
A
A group of New Zealand producers pioneered the Screwcap Initiative倡议in 2001, an international association committed to using the closure - even on ultra-premium bottlings.
19
Q
??Which winery was the first to commercially release NZ wine under screwcap?
A
Kim Crawford in Marlborough
20
Q
??How many % of NZ’s wines are finished with screwcap nowadays?
A
85%
21
Q
??When was the Geographical Indications (Wine and Spirits) Registration Act passed in New Zealand? When was it put into action? How many official GIs by 2022? Can the GIs be changed or modified?
A
In 2006; it was put into action in 2017; total 22 GIs by 2022. Can not.
22
Q
??How many % of a stated grape or vintage must NZ wines conctain? When labeled with a GI, how many % of grapes must from the stated GI? For spirits labelled with a GI, how many % of the spirit must come from the GI?
A
85%; 85%; 100% for spirits.
23
Q
Which region is NZ’s northernmost and smallest area of production? It contributes how many % of the country’s total production?
A
Northland; less than 1%.
24
Q
??How many hectares of vines planting in Waikato?
A
Only 3 hectares
25
??By 2019, how many registered wineries are in Waikato?
None.
26
??Which is the largest city in New Zealand?Where is it located?
Auckland; between Northland and Waikato/Bay of Plenty.
27
Which grapes are paying special attention for Auckland?
Merlot-based Cabernet Blends
28
What are the most important grape varieties in Auckland?
Chardonnay, Syrah, Merlot
29
Name the three unofficial subregions of Northland?
Kaitaia, Kerikeri, Whangarei
30
Where is Kerikeri?
Subregion of Northland
31
Where is Kaitaia?
Subregion of Northland
32
Where is Whangarei?
Subregion of Northland
33
Where is Waiheke Island?
Eastern island within Auckland GI
34
Where is Matakana?
Norhtern subregion of Auckland
35
Where is Kumeu?
Subregion of Auckland
36
Name three key wineries in Northland?
Karikari Estate, Okahu Estate, Marsden Estate
37
Where is Karikari Estate?
Northland
38
Where is Okahu Estate?
Northland
39
Where is Marsden Estate?
Northland
40
Name 7 key producers in Auckland?
Kumeu River, Matua Valley, Babich, Cable Bay, Stonyridge, Pernod Ricard NZ, Villa Maria
41
Where is Matua Valley winery located?
Auckland
42
Where is Babich located?
Auckland
43
Where is Stonyridge located?
Auckland
44
Where is Villa Maria located?
Auckland
45
Name 4 key producers in Canterbury?
Pegasus Bay, Pyramid Valley, Mud House, Giesen
46
Where is Pegasus Bay winery?
Canterbury
47
Where is Pyramid Valley winery?
Canterbury
48
Name 4 key producers in Central Otago?
Rippon, Peregrine, Felton Road, Mt. Difficulty
49
Where is Mt Difficulty?
Central Otago
50
Where is Peregrine?
Central Otago
51
Name 2 key producers in Gisborne?
Millton, Brunton Road
52
Where is Millton?
Gisbrone
53
Where is Brunton Road?
Gisborne
54
Name 6 key producers in Hawke’s Bay?
Craggy Range, Esk Valley Estate, Sacred Hill, Sileni, Te Mata, Trinity Hill
55
Where is Craggy Range?
Hawke's Bay
56
Where is Sacred Hill?
Hawke's bay
57
Where is Sileni?
Hawke's Bay
58
Where is Te Mata?
Hawke's Bay
59
Where is Trinity Hill?
Hawke's Bay
60
Where is Allan Scott?
Marlborough
61
Where is Fromm?
Marlborough
62
Where is Spy Valley?
Marlborough
63
Name 3 key producers in Nelson?
Greenhough, Seifried Estate, Neudorf
64
Where is Greenhough?
Nelson
65
Where is Seifried Estate?
Nelson
66
Name 4 key producers in Wairarapa?
Ata Rangi, Dry River, Palliser Estate, Voss Estate
67
Where is Palliser Estate?
Wairarapa
68
Where is Voss Estate?
Wairarapa
69
Where is River-T Estate Wines?
Waitaki Valley
70
Where is Valli Vineyards?
Waitaki Valley
71
??Name the three subregions of Auckland?
Matakana, Kumeu, Waiheke Island
72
Which are the pioneering producers in Auckland?
5: Babich, Brajkovich, Corbans, Delegat’s(Oyster Bay), and Nobilo.
73
??What’s the wine style of Auckland region? Which are the major grape varieties?
1)powerful, intense reds -Red blends in the north and on Waiheke Island- thrilling Syrah; -plus world class Chardonnay.
2)Chardonnay, Syrah, Merlot, Merlot-based Cabernet blends.
74
??What’s the climate of Auckland region? What’s the major hazards in Auckland?
Rainy, moderate maritime climate; frost and rot.
75
??Where is the headquarter of Montana and Villa Maria?
Auckland
76
??How many % of NZ’s total production does Auckland represent now?
1%
77
??Montana is belong to which company?
Pernod Ricard
78
??What’s the major soil type of Auckland ?
Volcanic, clay-rich soils.
79
??Among Auckland’s three subregions, which has the driest sunny weather?
Which is good for Cabernet blends?
Which is good for old Chardonnay?
Which is good for Pinot Gris?
1)Waiheke Island;
2)Weiheke Island;
3)Kumeu
4)Matakana
80
What style or grape varieties are gained attention in West Auckland?
Old vine Chardonnay and Merlot
81
Where is Matakana?What are the key grape varieties in Matakana?
Sub GI of Auckland; Pinot Gris, Syrah and Cabernet based wines.
82
??Which is the second largest region in New Zealand?
Hawkes Bay
83
??Which region has the driest climate in North Island?
Hawkes Bay
84
??Which are the most planted grape varieties in Hawkes Bay?
Chardonnay and Merlot
85
The bulk wine of North Island’s production is concentrated in which areas?
Central and southern regions of Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, Wairarapa
86
??Which are the notable subregions of Hawke’s Bay?
Gimblett Gravels, Bridge Pa, Esk Valley, Dartmoor Valley.
87
??When were the vines first planted in Hawke’s Bay?
In 1851 by Marist Missionaries 圣母传教士
88
What are the key varieties of Gimblett Gravels?
Syrah and Bordeaux Blends
89
What is the only registered GI within Hawke’s Bay?
Central Hawke’s Bay
90
?? The recognised certification of organic, biodynamic, Sustainability in New Zealand?
Recognised certification programmes include AsureQuality, BioGro-NZ, Demeter, ISO 140001 and New Zealand Winegrowers’ own certification programme, Sustainable Winegrowing New Zealand= SWNZ
91
??Which region is the oldest established wine region in NZ? In which year?
Hawke’s Bay, in 1851.
92
??Which is the largest premium red wine production region in NZ?
Hawke’s Bay
93
??Which wines are famous for Hawke’s Bay?
Renowned for full-bodied Red Blends, elegant Syrah and rich, complex Chardonnays
94
??Which is the most coastal and maritine subregion of Hawke’s Bay? What’s the wine style?
Te Awanga;
Producing Hawke’s Bay the finest Chardonnay, and Sauvignon Blanc with distinct salinity.
95
??Name the two subregions in Coastal Areas of Hawke’s Bay? Which are the top grape varieties?
Esk River Valley in the North ;
Te Awanga in the South;
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir.
96
??Where is Esk River Valley located? What’s the terroir of Esk River Valley? Wine style?
1)Coastal area of Hawke’s Bay;
2)Terroir: steep terraced vineyard, sandy loam over gravels.
3)Tannic reds, and age worthy Chardonnay.
97
??Which are the 2 subregions most further inland of Hawke’s Bay along the Ngaruroro River?
What’s the climate? Wine style?
Crownthorpe Terraces, and Mangatahi Terraces;
Cooler climate with greater elevation; producing fresh grape varieties: SB, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay
98
?? Name the subregion in Hillsides of Hawke’s Bay? Wine style?
Havelock, Maraekakaho, Bay View;
Predominately red wines.
99
??Which is the subregion in Havelock north in Hawke’s Bay? What’s the soil type? Wine styles?
1)Te Mata Peak;
2)Alluvial limestone;
3)Producing some of Hawke’s Bay most interesting distinctive wines: Syrah, Bdx blend, Chardonnay.
100
Which region do you find the city Napier?
Hawke’s Bay
101
??What’s the soil type in Alluvial Plains of Hawke’s Bay?
Gravel beds, free-draining alluvial soils and stony terraces.
102
??Name the subregions of Alluvial Plains in Hawke’s Bay?
Taradale, Meeanee, Korokipo, Gimblett Gravels, Ohiti, Bridge Pa Triangle
103
Where is Taradale?
Subregion of Alluvial Plains in Hawke's Bay
104
Where is Meeanee?
Subregion of Alluvial Plains in Hawke's Bay
105
Where is Korokipo?
Subregion of Alluvial Plains in Hawke's Bay
106
Where is Ohiti?
Subregion of Alluvial Plains in Hawke's Bay
107
??Which subregion of Hawke’s Bay produces the best wines?
Alluvial Plains area: Gimblett Gravels, Bridge Pa Triangle
108
Where is Dartmoor Valley? What’s the soil type? What kind of wine is most famous for this region?
1)River Valleys of Hawke’s Bay;
2)Low fertility free draining soils with limestones;
3) NZ first largest scale Single Vineyard Chardonnay Blocks;
and mineral Sauvignon Blanc.
109
Name the subregions of River Valleys of Hawke’s Bay?
5: Mohaka, Esk River Valley, Tutaekuri River Valley, Ngaruroro River Valley, Dartmoor Valley
110
Which is the 2nd premier subregion of Hawke’s Bay?
Bridge Pa Triangle
111
?? Which subregion has the oldest soil in Hawke’s Bay?
Bridge Pa Triangle
112
What are the soil types of Bridge Pa Triangle? What’s the wine style?
*Takapau and Ngatarawa series are both: sandy loam over gravel
*Eastern border along Ngatarawa Road is primarily Te Awa clay loam on pumice浮石sand.
Bordeaux Blend, high quality Chardonnay.
113
?? Hawke’s Bay is divided to 5 major areas, which are they?
River Valleys, Coastal Areas, Hillsides, Alluvial Plains, Central Hawke’s Bay.
114
?? Which subregion has the coolest climate in Hawke’s Bay? What’s the soil type? Wine style?
Central Hawke's Bay;
Limestones on elevated sites;
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay.
115
??Which types of wines are famous in Hawke’s Bay in general?
Rich elegant Bordeaux Blend, Syrah, fine Chardonnay.
116
In which region do you find Wellington City?
Wairarapa
117
Which is the southernmost region on the North Island of NZ?
Wairarapa
118
What are the key grape varieties in Gisborne?
Chardonnay, then Pinot Gris, Gew, Viognier are performing well too
119
Which region is Captain Cook’s first landfall?
Gisborne
120
?? Where is “The Golden Slope” located in Gisborne? What’s the terroir here and wine style?
Ormond;
gently-sloping free-draining, with limestone topsoil;
Producing some of Gisborne’s best Chardonnay.
121
??Which subregion of Gisborne produce excellent rich Gewuztraminer?
Patutahi
122
??Where is Patutahi located? What’s the soil type? Wine style?
West of Gisborne, inland with warmer climate.
Soil: clay and silt泥沙
Excellent Gewurztraminer, wines with good texture and body.
123
Which region do you find Raukumara Range?
Gisborne
124
Which subregion of Gisborne can produce botrytised wines ?
Manutuke (nearer to the river).
125
What's the river in Gisborne?
Waipaoa River
126
What’s the climate and wine styles of Gisborne in general?
*Climate: low rainfall, high sunshine hours, limestone soils;
*Producing good quality Chardonnay, but also aromatic white grape varieties: viognier, Gewurz, Pinot Gris, and Chenin Blanc.
127
Name the 9 subregions of Gisborne?
North: Ormond, Ormond Valley, Waipaoa
West: Patutahi, Patutahi Plateau
East: Hexton Hills
Central Valley
South: Riverpoint, Manutuke
128
Which is the southernmost region on the North Island of NZ?
Wairarapa
129
What are the key grape varieties in Gisborne?
Chardonnay, then Pinot Gris, Gew, Viognier are performing well too
130
Which region is Captain Cook’s first landfall?
Gisborne
131
?? Where is “The Golden Slope” located in Gisborne? What’s the terroir here and wine style?
Ormond;
gently-sloping free-draining, with limestone topsoil;
Producing some of Gisborne’s best Chardonnay.
132
??Which subregion of Gisborne produce excellent rich Gewuztraminer?
Patutahi
133
??Where is Patutahi located? What’s the soil type? Wine style?
West of Gisborne, inland with warmer climate.
Soil: clay and silt泥沙
Excellent Gewurztraminer, wines with good texture and body.
134
Which region do you find Raukumara Range?
Gisborne
135
Which subregion of Gisborne can produce botrytised wines ?
Manutuke (nearer to the river).
136
What's the river in Gisborne?
Waipaoa River
137
What’s the climate and wine styles of Gisborne in general?
*Climate: low rainfall, high sunshine hours, limestone soils;
*Producing good quality Chardonnay, but also aromatic white grape varieties: viognier, Gewurz, Pinot Gris, and Chenin Blanc.
138
Name the 9 subregions of Gisborne?
North: Ormond, Ormond Valley, Waipaoa
West: Patutahi, Patutahi Plateau
East: Hexton Hills
Central Valley
South: Riverpoint, Manutuke
139
?? Which is the only wine district in Wellington? What’s the key grapes?
Wairarapa; Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc
140
??Which is the most planted grape variety in Gisborne?
Chardonnay
141
?? Where to find the first vines in the world to see the sun each day?
In Gisborne
142
?? Which Region is known as Poverty Bay?
Gisborne
143
?? What’s the meaning of Wairarapa in Maori?
Meaning glistening闪闪发光waters in Maori.
144
??Name the three subregions of Wairarapa?
Gladstone GI, Martinborough GI, Masterton
145
Which is the first region where the grapes were planted in Wairarapa?
Masterton
146
Which region do you find Tararua ranges?
Masterton, Wairarapa
147
??What’s the climate in Wairarapa? wine styles ?
Cool and dry;
Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc and Aromatics as well as stylish Chardonnay, Syrah and dessert wines.
148
?? Which is the most southerly subregion of Wairarapa?
Martinborough
149
What’s the climate of Martinborough?
Cool and dry
150
Which is the northernmost region on the South Island?
Nelson
151
Which is NZ’s sunniest wine-producing region?
Nelson
152
Which is the rainiest region on the South Island?
Nelson
153
What’s the main grape varieties in Nelson?
Outstanding Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc.
154
How much wine is produced from Nelson in NZ’s total wines?
Only 3%
155
Name the two iconic producers in Nelson?
Seifried, Neudorf.
156
Where is Moutere Hills located? What’s the climate and soils? Wine styles?
1)It’s a subregion of Nelson, west of the city.
2)Slightly warmer and wetter than Waimea, gravel clay soils: give richness and texture to the wines.
3)*Pinot Noir show structure with fine tannins;
*Chardonnay has complexity and depth;
*Sauvignon Blanc aromatic and mineral.
157
?? Name four subregions of Nelson? Which subregion produce lighter and fresher style wines?
1)Motueka, Takaka(Golden Bay), Moutere Hills, Waimea Plains;
2)Waimea Plains produces lighter and fresher style wines with bright aromas.
158
??What does Waimea mean in Maori? What’s the climate and soil of Waimea? What’s the wine style of Waimea?
1)River garden河滨花园;
2)Stony alluvial soils, with moderating maritime influence;
3)Pinot Noir is perfumed, Chardonnay is rich and expressive Sauvignon Blanc, aromatic with a flinty minerality.
159
?? How many % of the entire NZ’s wines are produced from Marlborough?
70%
160
??Which company controls nearly two-thirds of Marlborough’s vineyards?
Montana, through subsidiary附属的wineries such as Brancott and Fairhall.
161
?? What’s the Sparkling wine called produced by Deutz and Montana? Since which year?
Deutz Marlborough Cuvee, since 1988.
162
??Name three the household家喻户晓wineries in Marlborough?
Cloudy Bay, Kim Crawford, Hunter's
163
How many hectares are there in Marlborough?
30,000ha of vines.
164
?? Which is the largest wine region in New Zealand?
Marlborough
165
?? Which region does it refer to “The place with the hole in the could云中有洞的地方”?
Wairau Valley
166
?? Name the 3 sub-regions of Marlborough? Which is in south?
Wairau Valley; Southern Valley; Awatere Valley (south)
167
?? Which subregion of Marlborough has heavier soils contain more clay? Which grape variety is particularly good here?
Southern Valleys, Pinot Noir.
168
?? Which hills protects Wairau Valley for incoming rain and creats a zone of high sunshine?
Richmond Range
169
What’s the soil in Wairau Valley?
Gravely riverbed soils
170
Which Mountain divides Marlborough and Nelson?
Richmond Range
171
Which region is affected by Kaikoura ranges?
Awatere Valley, in Marlborough
172
?? Which is the driest, coolest, windier subregion in Marlborough?
Awatere Valley
173
??Where is Awatere Valley located? What’s the wine style here?
Southernmost subregion of Marlborough;
Typically lower yields, bright, aromatic Pinot Noir and distinctive Sauvignon.
174
?? What’s the climate in Marlborough in general?
Cool nights, high sunshine climate, low rainfall and free-draining.
175
??Which is New Zealand’s fastest-growing wine region?
Canterbury (due to the success of its northern subregion Waipara Valley
176
?? Where is Waipara Valley located?
In Canterbury (nothern part)
177
?? Where is Banks Peninsula? Is it a subregion?
In Canterbury; historically yes, but not considered a subregion today.
178
?? What’s the climate of North Canterbury? What are the geographical features of North Canterbury? What’s the wine style?
1)Cool, dry climate with good sunshine and long growing season;
2)Alps to the west and Pacific Ocean to the east.
3)Egelant, expressive Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Aromatic.
179
?? Where is Christchurch city?
North Canterbury
180
?? What’s the soil of Canterbury Plains? Key grape varieties?
Shallow greywacke-based gravel soils, with cooler climate;
Riesling and Pinot Noir.
181
?? What’s the key grape variety of Waipara Valley?
Riesling
182
?? Name the two subregions of North Canterbury?
Waipara Valley, Canterbury Plains.
183
?? Which grapes are successful in Canterbury?
Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Pinot Gris.
184
?? Which is the world’s southermost region?
Central Otago
185
?? Which region has the highest altitude in New Zealand?
Central Otago
186
??Which is the only region in New Zealand has a truly continental climate?
Central Otago.
187
?? Name 3 key producers of Central Otago?
Felton Road, Mt. Difficulty, Rippon
188
?? Name the 5 subregions of Central Otago?
Wanaka
Bendigo
Cromwell Basin, Lowburn and Pisa
Gibbston
Alexandra
189
What is the only sub-GI of Central Otago?
Bannockburn GI
190
?? Which is the highest subregion of Central Otago?
Gibbston;
191
Which region do you find Kawarau River?
Central Otago
192
Where do you find Lake Dunstan?
Central Otago
193
Which subregions are on the western side of Lake Dunstan?
Cromwell, Lowburn, Pisa
194
Which region do you find Pisa Mountain Range?
Central Otago
195
??Where is Cromwell?
It’s a subregion of Central Otago
196
?? Where is Gibbston? What’s the climate and wine style of Gibbston?
It’s a subregion of Central Otago (western central);
Cooler climate and later ripenning than neighbours, producing lighter but intense wines.
197
?? Where is Bannockburn? What’s the climate and wine style?
A sub-GI of Central Otago (South bank of the Kawarau River);
Warmer, drier climate, producing complex wines.
198
?? Where is Bendigo? Climate and soils?
A subregion of Central Otago (Northeast of Cromwell),
extreme climate with hot summer sun and cold nights;
Stony soils.
199
?? Where is Wanaka? Climate and wine style?
A subregion of Central Otago (north central);
Cooler and wetter than other subregions, producing delicate and vivid wines.
200
? Which is the most southerly sub-region of Central Otago? Climate and wine style?
Alexandra;
Dry and extreme summer and winter;
Wines are vivid, aromatic, finely structured.
201
?? Who prodcued the first commercial Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc? When?
Montana, in 1979.
202
?? New Zealand occupies how many % of total vineyard area globally?
Only 0.5% (in 2020).
203
?? What’s the meaning of Kiwi in New Zealand?
Kiwi fruit, Kiwi bird, a nickname for New Zealanders.
204
??What’s the latitude of Central Otago?
45˚ S南纬45度
205
What’s the latitude of Marlborough? What’s the average growing season temperature?
Why it has a such climate?
Similar to Rome at 41°S, but is much cooler than Rome);
15.2 degrees Celsius (similar to Burgundy);
Due to the vast bodies of water that surround New Zealand.
206
?? How long do New Zealand’s vineyards span from North to South? What’s the climate change?
1600kms, from sub-tropical Northland亚热带 to Alpine climate高山气候of Central Otago
207
Which is the only region in New Zealand could be considered semi-continental?
Central Otago
208
??Which is the driest region in entire New Zealand? Why does it have this climate?
The subregion of Alexandra in Central Otago;
It’s protected from westerlies西风by three mountain ranges.
209
Which region is Queenstown located?
Central Otago
210
?? What are the main factors affecting New Zealand's climate?
Waters: to west is Tasman Sea, to east is Pacific Ocean (The west coast of New Zealand is generally too wet to successfully grow grapes due to its exposure to weather systems from the Tasman Sea);
Southern Alps南阿尔卑斯山: protect the east coast from the wet westerly winds, creating drier conditions more favorable to grapegrowing;
UV radiation: New Zealand’s bottom-of-the-earth position means it is close to the ozone hole that forms annually over the South Pole. Combined with the country’s clean air, UV radiation can be as much as 40% higher in New Zealand than at a comparable latitude in the Northern Hemisphere新西兰位于地球底部，意味着它靠近每年在南极上空形成的臭氧空洞。再加上该国清洁的空气，新西兰的紫外线辐射比北半球同等纬度地区高出 40%. (sun light itensity for ripeness, and canopy management is necessary for avoiding sun burn)
211
What’s the climate of the South Island of NZ in general?
Cool climate
212
Where do you find Omihi area?
A hillside area in Waipara
213
What was New Zealand’s most proflific variety in 1996?
Müller-Thurgau
214
?? Why are most of New Zealand's vineyards planted on valley floor(谷底平地）, not on hillsides (compared to Europe, there are fewer hillside vineyards in New Zealand)？
1)Alluvial soils in valley floors provide good drainage;
2)Due to the strong UV radiation, there is no concern to catch too much sunlight on the valley floor comparing on the terrace.
215
?? In recent years, there are more vineyards estblished on slopes in NZ, can you give two examples? Why?
In Marlborough’s Southern Valleys;
Waipara’s Omihi area;
The denser, loam-rich肥沃 soils found on hillides are more suitable for Pinot Noir.
216
?? In New Zealand, if a vintage, variety, origin is stated on the label, how many % of the wine must be sourced from that vintage, variety, or origin?
85%.
217
?? What’s the mini alcohol content if a NZ wine sold to EU?
8.5% abv.
218
?? Who encoraged the movement of using screwcap in New Zealand? When?
Kumeu River’s owner MW Michael Brajkovich, in 2001.
219
What detects in the NZ’s Sauvignon Blanc’s passionfruit or gooseberry-like aromas?
Compound 3MH
220
Name the first two examples of “barrel-fermented” Sauvignon Blanc in NZ?
Sacred Hill’s Sauvage, Cloudy Bay’s Te Koko in early 1990s
221
?? What’s the characteristics of Sauvignon Blanc in different regions: Martinborough, Nelson, Hawke’s Bay?
Martinborough: green grass
Nelson: restrained内敛sweet apple
Hawke’s Bay: fuller bodied, with lower acidity and more muted characters
222
What causes the buttery character found in Chardonnay? How to reduce this character?
Diacetyl, a compound;
By delaying sulfur addition after MLF that allows lees to consume the diacetyl.
223
?? Who is Francois Millet? He is collaborated with which winery to make Pinot Noir in NZ and where?
Former Chief winemaker of Domaine Comte George de Vogue;
Prophet’s Rock先知之石, in Bendigo (Central Otago).
224
?? Which are the major regions producing Syrah in New Zealand?
77% in Hawke’s Bay, and 12% in Auckland GI (notably on Waiheke Island)
225
?? Name three most expensive Cabernet Sauvignon in New Zealand, where are they produced?
Villa Maria’s Ngakirikiri;
Destiny Bay’s Magna Praemia
Stonyridge's Larose.
Hawke’s Bay.
226
?? Name the wine regions in New Zealand from north to south?
North Island (7): Northland, Auckland, Waikato and Bay of Plenty, Gisborne, Hawke’s Bay, Ōhau, Wairarapa
South Island (5): Nelson, Marlborough, North Canterbury, Waitaki Valley/ North Otago, Central Otago
227
?? Which is the famous town in Auckland?
Kumeu
228
?? Where is Matakana located?
Auckland
229
?? Where is Waiheke Island? What’s the main soil?
Auckland; clay based.
230
Which is the most important producer in Waiheke Island?
Man O’ War, representing half of the island’s plantings.
231
Where is Man O’War?
Waiheke Island, Auckland
232
?? Which are the key grape varieties of Auckland?
Chardonnay, followed by Syrah, Pinot Gris and Bordeaux blend.
233
?? Which is the winery focusing on one single variety Gewurztraminer in Gisborne? When was it stopped business?
Vinoptima; in 2018 (receivership破产).
234
?? Name two quality producers in Gisborne?
Matawhero, Biodynamic estate Millton
235
??Which is the oldest winery in New Zealand? Established in which year? Who is the founder and who is the current owner?
Mission Estate in Napier, Hawke's Bay, in 1851 by Marist priests圣母会牧师, Society of Mary玛丽协会.
236
??Which wine style is most famous for Te Mata? Where is it located?
Bordeaux blends, Hawke’s Bay.
237
??What happened in 1980s in Hawke’s Bay region?
Removal of 500hectares vineyards including many hybrids and Sherry-producing Palomino.
First vines were planted on the Gimblett Gravels.
238
??In New Zealand, which region has similar climate to Bordeaux?
Hawke’s Bay
239
??Climate changes in different subregions of Hawke’s Bay?
Coastal: Te Awanga: close to the Pacific Ocean, water’s cooling influence in summer, good for Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc.
Further inland: Gimblett Gravels, Bridge Pa Triangle: further inland. Can be 5 degrees Celsius higher than in coastal parts.Chardonnay might be picked 3 weeks earlier here.
Crownthorpe Terraces and Dartmoor Valley, benefit from the cooling influence of a small increase in altitude.
240
Where do you find Heretaunga Plains? What’s the effect to the region?
Hawke’s Bay, gravel-based alluvial soils=Gimblett Gravels
241
What does the Alluvia plains refer to in Hawke’s Bay?
Heretaunga Plains
242
??Where is Bridge Pa Triangle? What’s the wine style and why it has this style?
It’s a subregion in Hawke’s Bay, the wines from Bridge Pa Triangle are fleshier, more depth than Gimblett Gravels due to its sandy loam covering greywacke gravels soils.
243
??How many % of New Zealand’s Bordeaux plantings are in Gimblett Gravels?and syrah?
90% Bordeaux plantings and 75% of nation’s Syrah.
244
??What’s the wine style of Hawke’s Bay?
The style of each subregion: Gimblett Gravels, Bridge Pa?
Ripe yet mi-weight styles of its Bordeaux blends and Syrahs;
Gimblett Gravels: structured, elegant;
Bridge Pa: more opulent, lush
245
?? Name 3 key producers in Martingborough?
Dry River Wines, Martinborough Vineyard, and Ata Rangi.
246
Which region do you find Ruamahanga River? What’s the effect?
Wairarapa; creating the alluvial terraces
247
Which subregion of Wairarapa you can find limestone amount gravels?
Masterton
248
?? Who is the founder of Cloudy Bay? When was it established?
David Hohnen (also founder of Cape Mentelle in 1970 in Margaret River).
In 1985
249
Which two hills protect Wairau Valley?
Richmond Ranges and Wither Hills
250
Which is the original and largest grapegrowing area of Marlborough?
Wairau Valley
251
Which subregion of Marborough is cooler and windier due to exposure to coastal wines?
Awatere
252
?? What's name of the sparkling wine made by Cloudy Bay? Wine styles?
Pelorus; blanc and rose.
253
?? What’s the name of sparkling wine made by Deutz in Marlborough?
Deutz Marlborough Cuvée Brut NV
254
?? What's the name of sparkling wine made by Mumm in Marlborough?
Mumm Marlborough Brut Prestige (made from Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Meunier grapes with Méthode Traditionnelle techniques )
255
?? What’s Methode Marlborough?
A group created in 2013, to set a framework for quality production of sparkling wine in Marlborough: the members must use the three Champagne varieties, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier, and wines must spend at least 18months on lees.
256
Which region is sitting in the northwest corner of New Zealand?
Nelson
257
What’s the average rainfall of Nelson? Compare to Marlborough?
900mm in Nelson, 700 in Marlborough
258
Which region is located around Tasman Bay?
Nelson
259
What’s the styles of Sauvignon Blanc comparing Nelson and Marlborough?
The SB from Nelson is more restrained than those from Marlborough,
Nelson’s Sauvignon Blanc has a greater concentration of sweet and apple fruit flavor compare to other regions.
260
Where do you find Pegasus Bay?
Waipara Valley
261
?? What’s the alluvial soil (dominated by gravel and sandy loams) called in Waipara Valley?
Glasnevin Gravels
262
Where do you find Waikari? What’s unique here?
Waipara, it was once a lime quarry石灰矿场, where the rare limestone soils in NZ are found
263
?? What’s North Canterbury famous for? What’s the style?
Riesling; from dry to sweet and botrytis.
264
Where do you find Lake Wanaka?
Central Otago
265
?? Who are the three Pinot Noir pioneers in Central Otago? When was the first commercial Pinot Noir made by them?
Alan Brady (founder of Gibbston Valley Winery), Rolfe Mills (founder of Rippon), and Ann Pinckney (founder of Taramea).
1987.
266
?? Which is the subregion closest to urban center of Queenstown in Central Otago?
Gibbston
267
Central Otago represents how many% of the country’s vineyard area? How many % of NZ’s Pinot Noir plantings?
Only 5%, more than 1/4 or 25% or Pinot Noir Plantings
268
Name the subregions around or close to Lake Dunstan
Bannockburn, Bendigo, Cromwell, Lowburn, and Pisa
269
When was Bannockburn promoted as official GI?
2022
270
Name the two lakes in Central Otago?
Lake Wanaka,
Lake Dunstan
271
?? Which is the warmest subregion in Central Otago? When was it promoted to GI status?
Bannockburn; in 2022.
272
?? Where is Waitaki Valley?
In Southern Isaland of New Zealand, north of Central Otago.
273
?? What’s the other name of North Otago?
Waitaki Valley
274
How many hectares are there in Waitaki Valley?
only 60 hectares in 2020.
275
?? What’s the major soil of Waitaki Valley?
Limestone
276
Which river affects both Central Otago and Waitaki Valley?
Waitaki River
277
?? When was the first wine made in Waitaki Valley?
In 2003
278
?? Which is the coldest wine region in New Zealand?
Waitaki Valley
279
?? What’s the climate in Waitaki Valley?
Cold influenced by the cold ocean 50km away, also less prone to frost than Central Otago更不容易出现霜冻 due to its proximity to the sea; Situated toward the east, also very dry with only 380mm rainfall annually, irrigation is required.
280
? What’s the wine style in Waitaki Valley? Which are the key grape varieties?
1)Due to its cool climate, yields are tiny, leading high concentration.
2)Pinot Noir, Riesling, Pinot Gris; when ripe, they are highly aromatic with refreshing acidity.
281
?? Where is Waikato and Bay of Plenty? What’s the climate, soils, key grape variety?
1)Northern Island of New Zealand, between Auckland and Gisborne.
2)Warm climate, heavy loams over clay, Pinot Noir.
282
Which regions are on the western coast of New Zealand?
Auckland, Ōhau in North Island and Nelson in South Island
283
?? Where is Ōhau region? What’s the soils? What’s the wine style?
1)West coast of North Island of New Zealand, north to Wairarapa;
2)Gravel yet fertile soil (shaped by the Ōhau River);
3)Aromatic varietals: Pinot Gris, Sauvignon Blanc.
284
? Where is Southern Valleys?
In the middle of Marlborough
285
?? Where is Wairau Valley?
North of Marlborough
286
?? Where is Awatere Valley?
South of Marlborough
287
?? Where is Esk River?
East coast (north) of Hawke’s Bay
288
?? Where is Dartmoor Valley?
North of Hawke’s Bay
288
?? Where is Te Awanga?
Coastal area of Hawke’s Bay
289
?? Where is Crownthorpe Terraces?
Further inland of Hawke’s Bay (west)
290
?? Where is Mangatahi Terraces?
Further inland of Hawke’s Bay (west)
291
?? Where is Bridge Pa Triangle?
Central Hawke’s Bay
292
?? Where is Hevelock Hills?
Hillsides of Hawke’s Bay (east)
293
?? Where is Bay View?
Hevelock Hills in Hawke’s Bay
294
?? Where is Maraekakaho?
Hevelock Hills in Hawke’s Bay
295
?? Where is Gibbston?
Central Otago
296
?? Where is Bannockburn?
Central Otago
297
?? Where is Cromwell, Lowburn and Pisa?
Central Otago
298
?? Where is Bendigo?
Central Otago
299
?? Where is Wanaka?
North of Central Otago
300
?? Where is Alexandra?
South of Central Otago
301
?? Where is Ormond?
North of Gisborne
302
?? Where is Patutahi ?
Gisborne
303
?? Where is Manutuke?
Gisborne
304
?? Where is Waipara Valley?
In North Canterbury
305
?? Where is Masterton?
North of Wairarapa
306
?? Where is Gladstone?
Central of Wairarapa
307
?? Where is Martinborough?
Southernmost Wairarapa
308
?? Where is Moutere Hills?
Nelson (coastal?)
309
?? Where is Waimea Plains?
In Nelson
310
?? Where is Matakana?
North of Auckland
311
?? Where is Waiheke Island?
Auckland
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