Questions of Portugal Flashcards
(755 cards)
1
Q
After centuries of positive trade relationships, what two wars in the 19th and 20th centuries harmed Portugal’s wine trade?
A
The Peninsular Wars and the Portuguese Civil War
2
Q
What catastrophe then struck the Portuguese wine industry in 1867?
A
Phylloxera
3
Q
Who was the leader of Portugal for 40years from 1937?
A
Antonio de Oliveira Salazar
4
Q
Why is Salazar considered to have harmed the Portuguese wine industry?
A
He prioritised support for cooperatives, which put out high volumes of low quality wine, over quality wine production.
5
Q
What two political changes marked a renewal in Portugal’s production of quality wine?
A
The Carnation Revolution, which returned Portugal to democracy民主, and the accession to the EU in 1986.
6
Q
How did EU founding help producers?
A
Funding accelerated the modernisation of Portugal’s infrastructure, research programmes and training, and investment in modern vineyard and winemaking equipment, including temperature controlled stainless-steel tanks.
7
Q
Why is Portugal so focussed on exports?
A
After the 2011 - 2014 debt crisis, Portugal was bailed out by the IMF triggering an austerity programme in the country, which has increased the need for strong exports.
8
Q
Describe the climate of Portugal?
A
The west is maritime with Atlantic influences, the interior is sheltered from the Atlantic by mountain ranges and is continental, and the south is warm and dry.
9
Q
Where are schist and granite soils mainly found in Portugal?
A
In mountainous regions, Vinho Verde, Douro and Dao, and on Hilly areas of Alentejo.
10
Q
What soil types are found to the south?
A
Clay, limestone, and sandy soils.
11
Q
What area has alluvial soil?
A
Tejo
12
Q
How many hectares was planted in Portugal as of 2018? Does this represent an increase or decrease? Why?
A
190,000 ha;
A decrease of 85,000ha over the last 30 years.
There has been a focus on smaller volumes of high quality wine, and vineyards in high volume regions (Tejo) have been grubbed up.
13
Q
What particular area has been a focus of investment and planting?
A
Alentejo, because it is warm, sunny, dry and suited to mechanisation, as well as being close to Lisbon so suited for tourism.
14
Q
What style of wine is Alentejo known for?
A
Soft and ripe, good quality
15
Q
What has been the range of production for wine in general in Portugal over the last 10 years?
A
560million litres to 710 million litres
16
Q
What kinds of extreme weather events can impact production in Portugal?
A
Hail, storms and fire
17
Q
What hazards come with wet weather in Portugal?
A
Poor fruit set and later, fungal disease
18
Q
What other two common European hazards are a problem in Portugal?
A
Esca and grapevine moth
19
Q
What pruning and training methods are most common in Portugal?
A
Cordon or replacement-cane, and VSP trellised
20
Q
Where are most old bush vines found in Portugal?
A
Douro and Alentejo, with some at Dao and Bairrada.
21
Q
What kind of vineyards are old bush vines often found in ?
A
Mixed variety or “field blend” vineyards.
22
Q
What are the regulations around irrigation in Portugal?
A
There used to be more regulation, but now growers can mostly irrigate when it is required to maintain quality (not boost yield) without seeking authorisation. Some are required to inform the local regulators.
23
Q
What accounts for the low level of organic certification in Portugal?
A
Many are organic anyway, but don’t feel a need to go through the cost and effort of certification.
24
Q
Do blends or varietals predominate?
A
Blends
25
What are lagares made from?
Local stone-schist, granite, marble - or stainless steel.
26
What was the impact of the destemming equipment that EU founding allowed Portugal’s winemakers to buy?欧盟资助葡萄牙酿酒商购买的去梗设备有何影响？What kind of oak was introducted around this time too?
Improvements in tannin management;
French oak.
27
What are toneis?
Large Portugese oak and Brazilian hardwood vessels (3000-6000L), that have recently had a bit of a revival.
28
What practice, more usually associated with Port production, is often found in Portugal?
Fermenting and foot-treading in lagares.
29
What other kind of fermenting vessel is growing in popularity in Portugal? What DOC focusses specially on this?
Clay vessels, often on the skins (even white).
DOC Vinho de Talha in Alentejo.
30
What is a frequently found practice, pre-fermentation, for white wine in Portugal?
Skin contact
31
What is the system that Portugal follows for geographical indications?
The PDO and PGI system
32
What do DOC/DOP stand for in Portugal?
Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC)
Denominação de Origem Protegida (DOP) - more modern.
33
How many DOC’s are there in Portugal?
31
34
What is the traditional term for PGI wines?
Vinho Regional (VR)
35
How many VR’s are there?
14
36
How is wine that is not PDG/PGI status in Portugal?
Vinho
37
What percentage of Portuguese agriculture is made up by viticulture?
35%
38
Name three big brands of Portugal who source grapes from growers who take no part in winemaking?
Mateus Rosé, Lancers, and Casal Garcia
39
What have negociants been doing since Portugal joined the EU? Name the company that has done this on the biggest scale, acquiring brands and estates in Vinho Verde, The Douro, Dao, Alentejo and Lisboa?
They have been acquiring vineyards in order to diversify, increase quality and compete in non-traditional export markets;
Sogrape.
40
What’s the local name for amphora双耳瓶 in Portugal?
Talha
41
Which event cemented巩固Portugal as a wine-producing powerhouse in Europe?
Reconquista 收复失地运动 (公元718至1492年间，西班牙人反对阿拉伯人占领，收复失地的运动.1492年1月2日，阿拉伯人在西班牙建立的最后一个王国格拉纳达王国被打败，国王穆罕默德十二世（即西班牙称博阿布迪尔）投降，西班牙统一，收复失地运动胜利结束。)
42
The origin of quintas?
During Reconquista, the land was distributed to the new nobility of Portugal, often to knights骑士as a reward奖励, with the stipulation that 1/5 of the harvest be given to the kingdom as tax. These estates were called “quintas”.
43
When was phylloxera discovered in Portugal?
In 1862 in Douro Valley
44
When was Oidium (powdery mildew)白粉病 arrived in Portugal? And followed which other disease?
In 1845 for Oidium; followed downy mildew霜霉病
45
Which region in Portugal have never been affected by Phylloxera?
Colares (Sandy soil along the Atlantic coast).
46
Which region had limited impact of Phylloxera? Why?
Alentejo, Dão, and Trás-os-Montes; They are mountainous, isolated and irregularly planted.
47
Which country has one of the greatest collections of centenarian and own-rooted vines in Europe?
Portugal
48
When did Portuguese formally join the EU?
In 1986
49
Which country is 1st in th world in per capita人均consumption for wine?
Portugal
50
Which ocean influences Portugal? How? Which regions are in this impacted area?
Atlantic ocean; the ocean brings cold, humid air onto the mainland, while mountains to the east trap that air on the coast, create consistent morning fog.
Lisboa and Bairrada (Beira Atlântico).
51
What’s the soils of Western coast of Portugal? What’s the soils in the north? In the south? In the isalands?
Calcareous clay and sand;
North of Porto, granite in the mountains of Vinho Verde, schist and sedimentary limestone at lower elevations.
Red clay (in Alentejo, Setúbal, Tejo, and Algarve).
Volcanic soils in Madeira and Azores.
52
Which are the two Atlantic islands in Portugal that produce grapes?
Madeira and Azores
53
What’s the climate in Madeira and Azores?
Maritime: temperate between 10-25 degrees celsius, humid, long growing seasons and moderate levels of alcohol(refers to base wine in Madeira).
54
When was the appellation system established in Portugal?
In 1986 when Portugal entered EU.
55
What’s the full name of DOC in Portugal?
Denominação de Origem Controlada
56
How many DOCs in Portugal?
31 DOCs
57
What’s the appellation system of Portugal?
DOC: Denominação de Origem Controlada;
VR: Vinho Regional = IGP;
Vinho de Mesa: table wine
58
Which level equivalent to the EU IGP in Portugal?
VR = Vinho Regional
59
What’s the level for table wine in Portugal?
Vinho de Mesa
60
What’ s the rules for Portugal Vinho de Mesa?
Cannot display varietal contents, vintage, or geographic specificity other than simply “ Portugal”.
61
When did Portuguese goverment publish the Catálogo Nacional de Variedades de Videira? What is it?
Published in 2017; it indentified 262 indigenous varieties in Portugal.
62
Give 3 regions that plant international grapes in Portugal?
Alentejo: Syrah and Cabernet S
Bairrada: Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
Lisboa: Sauvignon Blanc
63
What’s the synonym of Albariño in Portugal?
Alvarinho
64
Which region makes the most famous Alvarinho in Portugal?
Monção e Melgaço in the mountains of northeastern Vinho Verde
65
What’s the characteristics of Alvarinho in Portugal?
*It is midbudding and midripening, with relatively thick skins, but it is still susceptible to downy and powdery mildew.
* With citrus and stone fruits, as well as herbal and floral tonesMore floral and riper fruit than Spain
66
What’s the color of Antão Vaz? Where is it originated from?
White, in the southern Alentejo of Vidigueira
67
What are the characteristics of Antão Vaz? It’s important for which type of wine?
Vigor and resistance to most diseases.
If picked early, it can retain excellent acidity and tart tropical fruit flavors.
It’s important for blending in the talha wines of Vidigueira.
68
What’s the color of Arinto?
White
69
What’s the synonym of Arinto?
Pedernã
70
Where is Arinto originated? Where is it planted in Portugal?
Bucelas subzone in Lisboa;
Along the coast of Portugal, increasingly found in Tejo and Alentejo.
71
What are the characteristics of Arinto?
*late budding, late ripening;
*Age-worthy whites with the ability to age for 20-30years, maintaining its acidity in warmer climates.
72
Which types of wine are often produced from Bical?
It’s often blended with Maria Gomes and Cercial in both the white and sparkling wines of Bairrada
73
What’s the aromas profile of Bical?
Peachy stone-fruited aromas often round out Bical’s very mineral profile.
74
Which region is famous for Bical wine?
In Bairrada, best examples are planted in cooler sites to slow ripenning and keep lower alcohol.
75
What’s the color of Bical?
White
76
What are the characteristics of Cercial?
Very high-acid, with stone fruits, mineral aromas(chalky minerality and even petrol with age)
77
Where is Cercial grown in Portugal?
Northern Portugal, most prominently in Bairrada
78
What’s the color of Cercial?
White
79
What’s the synonym of Cercial?
Cerceal (in Dão and Douro); Cercial in Bairrada
80
What’s the color of Encruzado?
White
81
In which region is Encruzado dominant?
In Dão
82
What’s style and aroma profile of Encruzado?
It’s fermented and aged in French barrels and made in Burgundy style, shows complex flavors of citrus, pomaceous苹果的fruit, rose and flint.
It’s often paired with only a few other varieties or bottled varietally, today.
83
What are the characteristics of Fernão Pires?
*early budding and early ripening, vigor, the acidity drop quickly toward the end of ripening (should be blended), but if picked sufficiently early, it can yield fresh and juicy varietal wines.
* can be very aromatic, with strong citrus and floral flavors.
84
In which regions are Fernão Pires extensively planted?
In Bairrada, Lisboa, Tejo
85
What’s the synonym of Maria Gomes?
Fernão Pires
86
What’s the synonym of Godello in Portugal?
Gouveio
87
What’s the synonym of Gouveio in Spain?
Godello
88
What are the characteristics of Gouveio? Which types of wine is Gouveio commonly used in Portugal?
*early-ripening, producing high sugar with medium acidity.
*important component of both table and fortified white wines in Douro.
89
In which region is Loureiro most widely planted?
In Vinho Verde for the inexpensive, spritzy wines,
but best example of varietal wines in the coastal zone of Vale do Lima can be of high quality.
90
What’s the meaning of Loureiro? Why?
Laurel 月桂, because it has an aroma similar to that of the flowers and leaves of laurel tree.
91
What are the aromas and flavour profile of Loureiro?
High acidity, floral, citrus driven with intense minerality.
92
Which styles of wine are made from Malvasia Fina/Boal?
*It can produce high amount of sugar but starts to lose acidity relatively early in the ripening cycle. So it’s blended in the white wines of Douro and Dao, to bring the texture and nutty commplexity. Rarely made as varietal wine.
*It’s used for Madeira wines.
93
What’s the synonym of Malvasia Fina in Madeira?
Boal
94
What’s the synonym of Boal in Douro/Dão?
Malvasia Fina
95
Rabigato is one of the most important varieties for which type of wine? Why?
For white fortified wines in the Douro Valley;
Because of its high acidity and sugar content.
96
What are the characteristics of Rabigato?
It has ability to produce balanced, complex table wines, with citrusy, floral, herbal and pronounced smoky mineral expression.
97
Name the three synonyms of Síria?
Roupeiro, Códega, Dona Branca
98
Which is the second most planted white variety in Portugal?
Síria
99
What are the characteristics of Síria?
Roupeiro, Códega, Dona Branca
100
Which is the second most planted white variety in Portugal?
Síria
101
What are the characteristics of Síria?
*Highly productive,
*Notable floral, melon, stone, and tropical fruit aromas and flavors,
*Low acidity, medium sugar content.
102
What’s the style of Sercial in Madeira?
The driest fortified wines
103
What’s the synonym of Sercial in mainland Porgugal? Which regions?
Esgana Cão狗, mostly in Bucelas, Lisboa
104
Which region makes the most notably example of Sercial dry wines? What’s the style?
In Pico Island, high acidity, minerality and richly textured.
105
What’s the most planted grape variety in the Azores?
Arinto dos Açores (Sercial)
106
What’s the synonym of Sercial in Azores?
Arinto dos Açores
107
Where, when, by whom was Alicante Bouschet breeded?
In France by Henri Bouschet in 1855
108
Is Alicante Bouschet a tenturier grape variety?
Yes
109
In which region of Portugal is Alicante Bouschet one of the most important varieties?
In Northern Alentejo
110
Which regions of Portugal is Aragonez most prominent?
Alentejo, Dao, Douro.
111
What are the two synonyms of Tinta Roriz?
Aragonez, Tempranillo
112
What’s the synonym of Aragonez in Alentejo, Dão and Douro?
Tinta Roriz
113
Which is the Portugal’s most planted variety?
Aragonez/=Tempranillo
114
What’s the synonym of Tempranillo in Portugal?
Aragonez
115
In which region of Portugal is Baga almost exclusively found?
Bairrada
116
Which is the key grape variety in Bairrada?
Baga
117
What are the characteristics of Baga?
*Late-ripening,
*Sensitive to small differences in terroir, reflect a range of style.
*Aromas can display notes of red and black fruits, red and purple flowers, smoky and salty minerality and herbs, with prominent tannins and acidity.
118
What types of wine is Baga produced in Bairrada?
Red still wines, but also traditional method sparkling wines in Blanc de Noirs or rosé styles.
119
Which regions is Bastardo mostly produced in Portugal?
*Most are in Douro, traditionally used in Port blends.
*Excellent varietal wines in Dao.
*Also common in Beira and Trás-os-Montes
120
Where is Bastardo native to?
Jura in France, known as Trousseau
121
What’s the synonym of Trousseau in Portugal?
Bastardo
122
Where is Castelão mostly planted in Portugal?
In southern half of the country, especially in Lisboa and Setúbal.
123
What are the characteristics of Castelão?
*Performing well in both cooler and wetter climate of the coast and arid heat of interior.
*Vary widely depending on where it is grown: ranging from juicy and delicate to heady, dark fruited and spicy.
124
What the style is Jaen made today in Portugal?
Almost Pinot Noir like varietal wines
125
What’s the synonym of Jaen in Spain?
Mencía
126
In which region is Jaen most planted in Portugal?
Dão
127
What’s the synonym of Mencía in Portugal?
Jaen
128
In which regions are Touriga Franca most planted?
In Douro and Trás-os-Montes
129
What are the characteristics of Touriga Franca?
*easty to ripen.
*fairly resistant to most diseases.
*with balanced sugar and acidity.
*red and purple fruited, floral and subtly herbal, relatively soft tannins in Douro.
130
Which is the most important variety in the wines of Douro and Dao? What type of wines?
Touriga Nacional (also commonly found in Lisboa, Tejo, Alentejo);
Fortified, dry blends, varietal wine, and increasingly rosé wines.
131
What are the characteristics of Tinta Amarela?
*Very aromatic, fruity, floral and spices.
*high acidity even at high sugar level.
*Rich texture.
132
Which are the common producing regions for Tinta Amarela ?
In Port blend, and dry wines in Tejo and Alentejo
133
What’s the synonym of Tinta Amarela(黄色)?
Trincadeira
134
What’s the synonym of Trincadeira?
Tinta Amarela
135
What are the characters of Vinhão?
Dark skinned, with very high acidity, intense red and black berry aromas, and dark purple color.
136
What’s the synonym of Sousão in Vinho Verde?
Vinhão
137
What’s the synonym of Vinhão in Douro? Which wine is it made?
Sousão;
*In Port production to intensify the color
*Varietal wine in Vinho Verde where it’s popular with locals.
138
What’s the synonym of Vinhão in Douro?
Sousão (发音suzau)
139
What’s the location Vinho Verde? What are the boundaries of this region?
In the north-west corner of Portugal;
Boundered by the Atlantic Ocea, River Minho (Spain’s border), and Peneda-Gerês National Park
140
Describe the soil in Vinho Verde?
Granitic bedrock with a shallow layer of decomposed granite and sandy texture
141
How does rainfall affect Vinho Verde?
High rainfall leads to marked vintage variation in wine production
142
What are the vineyard management challenges in Vinho Verde?
Challenges include fungal diseases, methods include traditional vine training and modern row planting.
143
What are the summer pruning techniques in Vinho Verde?
Shoot removal, leaf plucking, and green harvesting to improve ripening and air circulation.
144
How has wine production shifted in Vinho Verde over time?
From predominantly red wines in the 1960s to mainly white wines by 2019.
145
What is notable about the Vinhao (Sousao) grape?
The most planted black grape variety, known for deeply colored wines with high acidity and cherry fruit.
146
Characteristics of inexpensive, high-volume Vinho Verde wines?
*Made with regional fruit
*Blend of varieties
*Protective methods
*Cool fermentation in stainless steel
*Carbon dioxide added for spritz
147
Typical qualities of most Vinho Verde white wines?
*Low in alcohol
*meidum+ to high acidity
*Flavors: apple, citrus, peach
*Possible residual sugar
148
Production of higher priced Vinho Verde wines?
*Often still wines
*Made by smaller producers
*May use ambient yeasts
*Old oak for fermentation/maturation
*Aging on lees for complexity
149
Requirement for wines labeled with a Vinho Verde sub-region?
Min 9% abv (standard 8% without sub-region mention)
150
Specifics for single varietal Alvarinho from Moncao e Melgaco? Can other subregions name Alvarinho on their labels?
1)Lower max yields
Min. 11.5% abv
Exclusive right to label as single variety Alvarinho
2)Yes, from 2016 if Alvarinho is at least 30% of blend. Otherwise, classifed as Minho VR.
151
Who processes most grapes in Vinho Verde?
Grapes mostly to co-operatives or large merchants.
Only 400 growers bottle their own wines.
152
Climate of Vinho Verde?
Moderate maritime climate, Atlantic winds funnelled inland by river valleys.
High rainfall up to 1500mm.
153
Vine training system in Vinho Verde?
Higher vine-training systems for better air circulation (due to the high rainfall)
Sylvoz vine-training, pergola
154
Significant producers in Vinho Verde?
Anselmo Mendes, Quinta de Soalheiro
155
Name the rivers flows within Vinho Verde region?
Minho, Lima, Cávado, Ave, Sousa, Tâmega, Douro
156
Which grape is distinct in Monção e Melgaço? Similar to which region?
Alvarinho, similar to Rias Baixas
157
Which is the most important subregion of Vinho Verde for fine wine?
Monção e Melgaço
158
What’s the climate of Vinho Verde?
Cool, rainy, Atlantic-influenced climate
159
What’s the local name of pergola system in Vinho Verde?
Latada=trellis
160
What’s the traditional vine training systems in Vinho Verde?
Enforcado vine (vines grow up the trunks of trees, high off the ground, lessened the fungal disease in the wet climate)
161
What’s the common vine training system in Vinho Verde today?
Trellising=pergola=latada
162
Which subregion of Vinho Verde is the only one protected for the direct Atlantic influence with a maritime and continental climate?
Monção e Melgaço (northeast corner of Vinho Verde)
163
What’s the major soil type in Vinho Verde?
Granite
164
Name the 9 sub-regions of Vinho Verde (from north to south)?
Monção e Melgaço, Lima, Cávado, Ave, Basto, Sousa, Amarante, Paiva, Baião
165
Where is Sousa?
A subregion of Vinho Verde
166
Where is Basto?
A subregion of Vinho Verde
167
Where is Lima?
A subregion of Vinho Verde
168
Where is Cávado?
A subregion of Vinho Verde
169
Where is Ave?
A subregion of Vinho Verde
170
Which is Portugal’s largest DOC?
Vinho Verde DOC
171
Which VR has the same geographic area as Vinho Verde DOC?
Minho VR
172
Where is Monção e Melgaço?
Subregion of Vinho Verde
173
Which DOC has the same geographic area as Minho VR?
Vinho Verde DOC
174
Which subregions in Vinho Verde are at low elevation and more coastal climate?
Lima, Cávado, and Ave
175
Which grape variety is traditionally produced in Lima, Cavado and Ave?
Loureiro
176
Which Vinho Verde’s subregions extend into Minho’s mountainous and produce most the region’s volume, especially its spritzy wines?
Sousa, Basto, Amarante, Paiva, Baião
177
What’s the climate in Lima, Cavado and Ave?
More coastal climate in this area results in cool to moderate temperatures and high rainfall.
178
What grape varieties is Loureiro traditionally blended with ?
Arinto or Trajadura
179
Where are the red wines mostly produced from in Vinho Verde?
In Minho’s mountainous south and east - Sousa, Basto, Amarante, Baiao, Paiva (close to Baixo Corgo) where is warmer and drier.
180
Which 7 regions were declared by King of Portugal in 1908 Sep 18?
Bucelas, Colares, Carcavelos, Dão, Madeira, Moscatel de Setúbal, and Vinho Verde.
181
How many % of white grapes production in Vinho Verde?
Over 80%
182
Where is Baião?
A subregion of Vinho Verde
183
Which is the pioneer producer focusing on Alvarinho variety in Monção e Melgaço?
Soalheiro
184
Where is winery Soalheiro? Focusing on which grape variety?
In Monçao et Melgaço; Alvarinho
185
Which region is producing attracting varietal Loureiro? Wine style?
Lima Valley; highly aromatic.
186
Which types of wine are produced in Minho VR?
White, red, rosé, may be still or carbonated, late-harvest.
187
What’s th mini alcohol level in Vinho Verde DOC?
8.5%abv
188
Where is Paiva?
A subregion of Vinho Verde
189
What’s the label term for red wine blended with more than 15% white grapes in Vinho Verde?
palhete
190
What’s the producing method for sparkling wines in Vinho Verde?
Traditional method or tank method.
191
What’s “palhete”?
In Vinho Verde DOC allow to blend white grapes into red wines, if white grapes are more than 15%, the wine must be labeled as palhete
192
What’s the darker-colored rosé wines’s designation in Vinho Verde DOC?
Clarete
193
What’s the mini alcohol for Alvarinho varietal wine in Vinho Verde? Why is it higher than normal?
Mini 11.5% abv, to protect its style as a more concentrated, high-quality expression of Vinho Verde.
194
Which designations can label Alvarinho varietal?
Vinho Verde DOC or Monção e Melgaço (other subregions can not)
195
Which two regions were once included in Tras-os-Montes?
Douro and Porto (prior to the creation of the Duriense IGP.
196
Which are the most important white grape varieties in Trás-os-Montes?
Fernão Pires, Síria, Viosinho, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina and Rabigato
197
Which are the most important red grape varieties in Trás-os-Montes?
Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Bastardo (Trousseau), Touriga Francesa, Trincadeira
198
What’s the wine style in Trás-os-Montes?
Ripe and full bodied
199
What’s the climate in Trás-os-Montes?
Continental climate: summer Dry, hot, mountainous
200
Name the three subregions of Trás-os-Montes DOP from west to east?
Chaves, Valpaços, Planalto Mirandés
201
Where is Chaves?
It’s a subregion of Tras-os-Montes DOC
202
What’s the VR of Trás-os-Montes?
Transmontano VR
203
What’s DOP of Transmontano VR?
Trás-os-Montes
204
Which is the most mountainous reigon in Portugal?
Trás-os-Montes
205
What’s the soils in Trás-os-Montes?
Schist in higher elevation, and granite
206
Which region has the highest elevation in Portugal?
Trás-os-Montes, some are above 1000m
207
What’s the style of Mateus Rosé?
Lightly colored, semisweet, semisparkling red wine.
208
Which region is the home of Mateus Rosé?
Trás-os-Montes
209
Who is the producer of Mateus Rosé?
Sogrape
210
Which is the largest producer of Portugal?
Sogrape
211
Which types of wine are produced in Transmontano VR?
All dry wines made in the region: Red, white, and rosé
212
Which wines styles are produced in Trás-os-Montes DOP
Vinho: Tinto, Branco, Rosado
Vinho Espumante (sparkling)
Vinho Licoroso (fortified)
213
What’s the major soil of Trás-os-Montes DOP?
Schist and granite
214
Where is Planalto Mirandés?
It’s a subregion of Tras-os-Montes DOC
215
Which major mountain ranges seperate Tras-os-Montes from the coast?
Marão
216
Apart from wines what are famous in Tras-os-Montes?
Olive, chestnut, thermal waters温泉水
217
Where is Valpaços?
It’s a subregion of Tras-os-Montes DOC
218
Which DOPs are included in Duriense VR?
Douro and Porto DOP
219
Which is Portugal’s first demarcated wine region?
Douro
220
Which region of Portugal is a UNESCO world heritage site?
Douro
221
What’s the preferred soil type for Port?
Schist
222
What’s the climate of Douro Valley?
Continental: hot summer and cold winter
223
Which subzone in Douro has the highest density of plantings? Which has the highest vineyard acreage? Which is the largest and most arid?
Baixo Corgo - highest density of plantings;
Cima Corgo - highest total vineyard acreage;
Douro Superior - the largest and most arid.
224
Name the three subregions in Douro from west to east?
Baixo Corgo, Cima/Alto Corgo, Douro Superior (Spanish border)
225
How many % of Douro region’s wine is released as Porto DOP?
50%
226
Which DOP for licoroso fortified Moscatel produced in Douro?
Douro DOP
227
Which DOP for Port?
Porto DOP
228
What’s the annual rainfall in Douro Valley?
300mm
229
Which is the heart of Douro River Valley?
Cima Corgo
230
In Douro Valley, which subregion has the highest concentration of the schist slopes and highly graded vineyards for fortified wines?
Cima Corgo
231
Which subregion has higher rainfall than rest of Douro Valley?
Baixo Corgo
232
Which soil type is more common in Baixo Corgo?
Granite
233
Baixo Corgo is more focused on which type of wine’s production?
Table wine
234
When was the fortified wines of Douro first exported to England?
In 1678 (by a merchant from Liverpool)
235
When was the Methuen Treaty梅休因条约 signed ? between which countries?
In 1703 between Portugal and England
236
Which event lowered duties on Portuguese wines imported to England?
Methuen Treaty signed between Portugal and England in 1703
237
What is the significance of the establishment of Douro Wine Company?
To take control the Port wine industry back from the British shipping companies, and more lasting impact was the introduction of regulations that standardized the quality and style of Port wines.
238
Who created Douro Wine Company? When?
Marquis de Pombal (former ambassador to Britain and the prime minister of Portugal) in 1756
239
Which regulatory body 监管机构regulated vineyards and grape production?
Casa do Douro
240
Which regulatory body 监管机构oversaw Port production?
Instituto do Vinho do Porto
241
What did Grémio dos Exportadores de Vinho do Porto波特酒出口商协会regulate?
International shipping of Port wines.
242
Who published the exhaustive classification of every vineyard in Douro?
Álvaro Moreira da Fonseca (agronomist农学家)
243
When was the Douro vineyard classification published?
In 1947
244
How was the Douro vineyards classified?
1)Vineyards were graded from A (highest quality) to I (lowest):
2)with points given for location, altitude, aspect, steepness of slope, soil, vine-training methods, grape varieties, density of planting and more.
3)The higher the grade of the vineyard, the more Port wine is permitted to produce.
245
Why was “beneficio system” designed?
To ensure the high quality of Port wine and limit supply to protect prices.
246
What’s the license called to identify the amount of Port wine permitted to produce from a graded vineyard?
“beneficio”
247
What’s beneficio?
It’s a license to identify the amount of port wine permitted to produce from a graded vineyard; it’s based on the quality of the vineyard and market conditions.
248
About Casa Ferreirinha Barca Velha?
One of Portugal’s most acclaimed and expensive wines, only made in the very best vintages, grapes from Douro Superior with higher elevation and richer granite soils which can produce more fresh wines.
249
What’s the first vinetage of Casa Ferreirinha Barca Velha?
In 1952
250
Who made Casa Ferreirinha Barca船Velha老?
Winemaker of Porto Ferreira - Fernando Nicolau de Almeida
251
When was Douro DOC established?
In 1998
252
What kind of terroir are the winemakers looking for to make table wines in Douro?
Higher elevation, slopes with northerly exposure and more granite soils, where grapes ripen slower.
253
Where are the highest-graded vineyard land for Port production generally located?
In the village of Pinhao, in central Cima Corgo
254
What’s the terroir of the best vineyards for Port?
South-facing, steep vineyards that have pure schist soils and closest to the river
255
Where is the village of Pinhao?
In central Cima Corgo
256
When did the president of Portugal endorse呼吁an open letter calling for reform the beneficio system ?
Sep 5, 2023
257
Which types of wine can be produced in Douro DOP?
Douro table wine: red, white, rosado
258
Which red grapes make the best red wine from Douro?
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cão, Tinta Barroca
259
Which are the key white grapes for white wine in Douro?
Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, Gouveio
260
Which grape is used for making fortified Moscatel wines?
Moscatel Galego
261
What are the minimum alcohol content for Douro standard wines?
Mini 10.5% abv for white and rosado, 11% for red
262
What are the minimum alcohol content for Douro Reserva wines?
11.5% abv for white and rosado, 12%abv for red wines.
263
What are the aging requirements for Reserva wines in Douro?
White reserva: 6months;
Red: 1 year
264
Which wines in Douro can be labeled Grande Reserva?
The wines that meet reserva criteria标准and score exceptionally well in blind tasting may use the term Grande Reserva.
265
What’s the name for sparkling wines in Douro?
Espumanto do Douro
266
What’s the meaning of Colheita Tardia?
Late harvest wines
267
What’s the name of late harvest wines in Douro?
Colheita Tardia
268
Which types of wine can be produced under Douro DOP?
Table wine: red, white, rosado
Spumanto do Douro=sparkling
Colheita tardia=late harvest
Vinho Licoroso=Moscatel do Douro (fortified)
269
How long has the Spumanto do Douro aged on lees?
9months
270
Historically where is the region for Port maturation?
Vila Nova de Gaia: a suburb of Oporto/Porto
271
Who is the owner of Casa Ferreirinha?
Sogrape
272
Name the young cult star in Douro who used to supply fruit for Barca Velha?
Quinta do Vale Meão
273
What’s the western limite of Douro?
Serra do Marão
274
Which subzone of Douro has the most Atlantic influence? Rainfall annually?
Baixo Corgo; 900mm
275
What’s the vineyard training system in Douro?
Cordon and spur-pruned with VSP trellising
276
What are the parent grape varieties of Touriga Franca?
Touriga Nacional x Marufo
277
What does Touriga Franca contribute to the blend of Douro wines?
Color, tannins, acidity, ripe black and red flavours
278
When was Douro DOC established?
Established in 1982 for unfortified wines.
279
Who pioneered the first ambitious Douro red wine?
Fernando Nicolau de Almeida at Ferreira Port in 1952
280
What was the first prestigious Douro red wine?
Barca Velha, created by Fernando Nicolau de Almeida
281
What is the climatic condition of Douro?
A warm continental climate with varied microclimates.
282
What is the role of Sousao grapes in Douro wines?
Increasingly used for high acidity, bringing freshness in warm years.
283
What styles of wine does Douro DOC produce?
Still red, rose, white, and sparkling wines.
284
What is the proportion of red wnie in Douro DOC?
Over 78% of Douro DOC production is red wine.
285
What is VR Duriense?
An option for using non-local varieties like Chardonnay, Riesling, and Syrah with lower volumes.
286
Who are the major producers in Douro?
Symington, Quinta do Noval, Niepoort, also making a range of Douro Wines
287
What is unique about inexpensive Douro wines?
Often sourced from different quintas, made by co-operatives.
288
How are grape prices for Douro DOC and Port controlled?
Port grapes are controlled by the Beneficio, Douro DOC prices are market driven.
289
Name the three tributaries of Douro River in Douro Valley?
River Tamega, River Tua, River Sabor
290
Vineyards of Tavora-Varosa are adjacent to the riverbanks of which rivers?
Varosa, Távora, Tedo, or Torto Rivers.
291
What’s the climate in Távora-Varosa?
Continental, long, cold and wet winters and short growing season.
292
Where is Távora-Varosa?
Northeast of Dão (high in mountains)
293
What’s the elevation in Távora-Varosa?
500-800m
294
Which type of wine is famous in Távora-Varosa?
Sparkling wine
295
Which are the dominant grapes in Távora-Varosa?
White grapes: Malvasia Fina (most important for sparkling wine), it is frequently supplemented by Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.
296
How long minimum aging on lees for Távora-Varosa DOC sparkling wines?
9 months
297
What’s the method to make sparkling wine in Távora-Varosa DOC?
Must be traditional method
298
What’s the VR cover roughly the same area of Távora-Varosa DOC?
Terras de Cister VR
299
Which is the first DOC for sparkling wine in Portugal?
Távora-Varosa DOC
300
When did Távora-Varosa DOC become the first appellation for sparkling wine in Portugal?
1989
301
Name the main grape varieties in Távora-Varosa DOC?
White: Bical, Cerceal, Fernão Pires, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Chardonnay;
Red: Tinta Barroca, Tinta Roriz, Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, Pinot Noir.
302
Which wine styles can be produced in Terras de Cister VR?
Tinto, Branco, Rosado
303
Which styles can be produced in Tavora-Varosa DOP?
Vinho: Branco, Rosado, Tinto
Vinho Espumante (Sparkling): Tinto, Branco
304
What's the major soil in Tavora-Varosa?
Granit
305
How far is Bairrada from the Atlantic coast?
20km
306
What's the topography of Bairrada region?
It's between the ocean and the mountains of Dao: Western side is flat (largely flat terrain), most low lying in Portugal, allowing ocean rain and fog to enter the region, trapped in vineyards by the mountains海洋雨水和雾气可以进入该地区，并被附近的山脉困在葡萄园区。
307
What's the climate in Bairrada?
Maritime climate, with high rainfall 800-1200m annually.
temperature during growing season is mild between 25 to 30 degrees.
308
What's the soils in Bairrada?
Mostly limestone clays with fertile alluvial soils close to rivers.
309
What's the largest producer in Bairrada?
Adega de Cantanhede (30-40% of the production)
310
Where is Bairrada?
Between Atlantic coast and mountains of Dão
311
What are the challenges in Bairrada region?
humidity during flowering and September rains
312
Why does Bairrada's wine have spearmint and sassafras留兰香和黄樟 aromas?
There are extensive pine and eucalyptus forests in Bairrada, and the trees' volatile oils挥发油 imbue the wines with spearmint and sassafras aromas (imbue...with..使充满).
313
What's "Baga Friends"?
Regers to a group of 7 leading winemakers in the Bairrada region of Portugal, who are passionate about Baga grape variety and promote high quality wines made entirely from Baga.
Established in May 2022
314
When is the International Baga Day?
21 May 2022
315
What's the VR of Bairrada region?
VR/IG Beira Atlântico
316
What's the subregion of Beira Atlântico?
Terras de Sicó
317
What are the wine styles of VR Beira Atlântico?
Branco, Rosado, Tinto, Espumante and Frisante (semi-sparkling).
318
What's the former name of Beira Atlântico?
Bairas
319
What are the wine styles of Bairrada DOP?
Vinho: Branco, Rosado, Tinto
Vinho Espumante de Qualidade
Vinho Licoroso: Branco, Rosado, Tinto
320
What's the mini aging requirement for wines of Bairrada DOP?
Espumante de Qualidade: min. 9months on lees;
Branco "Classico": 12months total with min 6 in bottle;
Tinto "Classico": 30months total with min 12 in bottle.
321
What are the traditional toneis made from?
Portuguese or Brazilian hardwood.
322
What are the major grape varieties for Tinto "Classico" of Bairrada DOC?
Baga, Touriga Nacional, Alfrocheiro, Jaen, Camarate, Castelão
323
What's the requirement for wines labeled with Baga Clássico?
Min. 50% Baga
324
Which international white grape varieties are allowed in Bairrada?
Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay
325
What are the grape varieties for Branco "Classico" of Bairrada DOP?
Bical, Cercial, Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes), Rabo de Ovelha
326
Name two key producers in Bairrada?
Quinta das Bágeiras
Filipa Pato & William Wouters
327
What's the synonym of Fernao Pires?
Maria Gomes
328
What's the annual rainfall range in Bairrada?
800-1600mm, with most rainfall occurring in Spring and Autumn.
329
How were traditional vineyards in Bairrada planted?
high-training, individually staked bush vines.
330
What is the common trellising system used in modern Bairrada vineyards?
Guyot system (replacement-cane pruned) with VSP being common
331
What's the proportion of red wines in Bairrada production?
2/3 of production in Bairrada.
332
Name the dominant black grape in Bairrada?
Baga
333
What are the ideal conditions for Baga ripening in Bairrada?
Baga ripens best on limestone-clay soils, providing water balance and reflecting solar energy.
334
What is the common maturation vessel for Bairrada wines?
in Large barrels of French oak, some using traitional toneis.
335
Why do some producers use the Vinho Regional label in Bairrada?
Some producers use the Vinho Regional label due to objections to the extension of the DOC to international varieties.
336
What’s the soil type in Bairrada?
Calcareous clay
337
What’s the name origin of Bairrada?
Bairrada is derived获得from “barro” in Portuguese means “clay”
338
When was traditional method espumante of Bairrada produced firstly at commercial scale?
by 1890.
339
What's the most important contribution of agronomist 农学家António Augusto de Aguiar?
his vision of Bairrada as a source of sparkling wines阿吉亚尔最重要的贡献是他将拜拉达打造为起泡葡萄酒的产地.
340
Which type of wine is Bairrada’s main commercial output? How many % of the total wine production?
Sparkling wines; 2/3 is sparkling wine
341
When did Sogrape moved the production of Mateus Rosé to Aveiro?
In the 1970s.
342
Which red grape variety is focused to make high-quality, long-lived wines in Bairrada?
Baga
343
Why the vines are trained high off the ground in Bairrada and Vinho Verde?
Because the regions are close to the ocean, due to the wet climate, it’s easy to affected by mildew. So vines are trained high off the ground and leaves are pulled away from the fruiting zone to help poromte air circulation.
344
How developed a green harvesting strategy in early 2000s? Why to do this?
Winemaker Luís Pato, to decrease the mildew pressure on Baga grape variety, he green harvested 70% of the fruit and used for sparkling wine production, then the remaining fruit receives greater airflow.
345
When was Bairrada DOC established?
In 1991
346
Which types of wine can be produced in Bairrada DOC?
Red, white, Rosado, sparkling, brandy(aguardente)
347
What’s the local name for brandy in Portugal?
aguardente
348
What’s aguardente?
Brandy in Portuguese
349
To labeled as Bairrada DOC, how many % of Baga was required for red wine?
Mini 50%
350
Which white grape varieties dominate in Bairrada DOC?
Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes), followed by Arinto, Bical and Cercial
351
What are the styles of sparkling made in Bairrada DOC?
rosé, blanc de noirs, and blanc de blanc
352
What’s the method of making Bairrada DOC sparkling?
Traditional method
353
How long has Bairrada DOC sparkling aged on lees?
Mini 9months
354
Where is Amarante?
A subregion of Vinho Verde
355
Which mountains are on the western and southwestern Dão? how do they affect the climate in Dao?
The Serra do Buçaco and Serra do Caramulo to the west and southwest, they are not that high (diminutive小巧), allowing a stream of cool, moist air from the coast to circulate throughout the region.
356
How does Serra da Estrela affect the climate in Dão?
It forms the southeastern border of the region, blocking much of the hot, dry air from Alentejo and the Iberian interior.
357
?? Which is the largest mountains in Dão?
Serra da Estrela
358
Where is Dão?
Just east of Bairrada, in the central Portugal.
359
What’s the soil type in Dão?
Mainly granite
360
Name the 7 subregions in Dão?
Serra da Estrela (southeast), followed clockwise by Alva, Besteiros, Silgueiros, Castendo, Terras de Azurara, Terras de Senhorim (in th middle)
361
Where is Terras de Senhorim?
In Dão
362
Where is Terras de Azurara?
In Dão
363
Where is Castendo?
In Dão
364
Where is Silgueiros?
In Dão
365
Where is Besteiros?
In Dão
366
Where is Alva?
In Dão
367
Which is the most important subregion of Dão?
Serra da Estrela
368
Where is Serra da Estrela?
In Dão
369
Which subregions in Dão have high elevation? How many meters? What’s the temperatures?
Serra da Estrela, Castendo; up to 600-800m; rarely exceeding 25 degrees Celsius.
370
Which subregions of Dão have lower elevation? How many meters?
Senhorim, Alva, Besteiros; 200-300m
371
Which subregions of Dao have one of the coolest growing seasons in Portugal's interior?
Serra da Estrela, and Castendo
372
How much temprature difference between the warmer and cooler subregions of Dao?
Senhorim, Alva, Besteiros are 10 degrees Celsius warmer than Serra da Estrela and Castendo.
373
Which region in Portugal is called by French “Bourgogne du Sud”?
Dão
374
Who is the advocate倡导者of Dão?
The viticulturalist and aristocrat贵族João de Sacadura Botte Côrte-Real
375
When was Dão DOC officially created?
1990
376
What’s the the term for nouveau in Portuguese?
Novo
377
Beyon the DOC designation, wines in Dão can be labeled with which terms? What do they refer to?
1)Vina Nobre, Reserva, and Garrafeira.
2)Vina Nobre: must have a certain percentage of recommended varieties.
Reserva and Garrafeira: subject to min alcohol and cellar aging requirements.
378
Which is the most important grape variety in Dão DOC?
Touriga Nacional
379
Which white grapes are important in Dão?
Malvasia Fina and Encruzado
380
Where is Lafões DOC?
Small region between Dão and Vinho Verde
381
What’s the wine style in Lafões DOC?
Acidic, similar to neighbouring Vinho Verde
382
What's the transition region between Dao and Vinho Verde?
Lafões
383
Which River is Lafões crossed by?
Vouga River
384
What are the two DOP's in Terras de Dão?
Dão DOP and Lafões DOP
385
What's the VR of Dao?
Terras do Dão
386
What are the variety requirements for Nobre wines of Dão DOP?
Tinto: Max. 85% combined Alfrocheiro, Aragonez, Jaen, and Rufete; Min. 15% Touriga Nacional.
Branco: Max. 85% combined Bical, Cercial, Malvasia Fina and Verdelho; Min. 15% Encruzado.
387
What's the major soil of Dão ?
Granite
388
What are the aging requirements for Reserva, Garrafeira, Nobre in Dão DOP?
Tinto&Rosado: 8months; Branco: none.
Tinto Reserva: 24mths; Branco Reserva: 6mths.
Tinto Garrafeira: 36mths (including 12 in botl); Branco Garrafeira: 12 mths(including 6 in botl).
Tinto&Rosado Nobre: 36mths; Branco Nobre: 12mths.
389
What are the min aclohol for Reserva, Garrafeira, Nobre in Dão DOP?
Tinto&Rosado&Branco: 11%;
Tinto Reserva/Tinto Garrafeira/Branco Reserva/Branco Garrafeira: 11.5%
Tinto&Rosado Nobre:13%; Branco Nobre: 12%.
390
Which types of wine can be produced in Dão DOP?
Branco/ Tinto (may be labeled Nobre, Reserva and/ or Garrafeira)
Rosado
Novo: Tinto Nouveau
Vinho Espumante (sparkling)
391
Which types of wine can be produced in Lafões DOP?
Branco and Tinto
392
What are the Authorized varieties for Lafões DOP?
Tinto: min. 40% Amaral, Jaen and Pilongo.
Branco: Min 85% combined Arinto (min. 50%) and Cercial, plus Dona Branca, Sercial,
Rabo de Ovelha.
393
What's the subregion of Terras do Dao?
Terras de Lafões
394
What's the climate in Dao?
Mediterranean climate with warm, dry summers, mild winters, and moderate rainfall.
395
Characteristics of Jaen?
*Native to Bierzo in Spain
*Thin-skinned
*Early to mid-ripening
*Prone to wind, rot, mildew, botrytis
*Mostly steel fermented
*Some old vine styles aged in oak.
396
What's the meaning of Preto in Portugal?
black
397
What is the significance of VR Terras do Dao?
The VR Terras do Dao is not commonly used in the region.
398
How much of the Dao region is planted with vines?
only around 5%, the majority covered by forests.
399
What are the key features of the Dao region's topography?
The region has a mixed topography with hills, valleys, and mountains, offering varied aspects and altitudes.
400
What are the challenges faced by Dao vineyards?
water stress during ripening, hail, and spring frosts in low-lying vineyards.
401
What's the typical altitude of Dao vineyards?
most vineyards are located at around 400-500m, with some as low as 200m and others as high as 900m.
402
What is the predominant type of wine in Dao?
around 80% of production in Dao is red wine.
403
What makes Encruzado a key white grape in Dao?
Encruzado has m+ acidity, full-bodied, with lemon, peach fruit, and sometimes a floral note.
404
How can Encruzado wines be aged and what are their qualities?
Encruzado wines can be aged in neutral or oak vessels, capable of aging well in bottle and developing nutty characters.
405
How do Dao red wines compare to Douro red wines?
Dao red wines tend to be less full-bodied with fresher flavors and higher acidity than Douro wines.
406
How is the Dao red wine quality categorized?
Dao red wines can range from good to outstanding quality, typically mid-priced to premium.
407
What are the key factors in Dao's wine production?
Dao is an area with small vineyard holdings, around 30,000 grape growers, and a growing number of quality-focused producers.
408
Which region is the southern continuations of Douro Superior?
North of Beira Interior
409
What's the climate of North of Beira Interior? climate of South of Beira Interior?
North: Continental, with long, cold winters and short, hot, dry summers.
South: Sheltered from the mountain, which moderates the intense summers of eastern Portugal.
410
Name the two subregions in the north of Beira Interior?
Castelo Rodrigo, Pinhel
411
What's the granitic schist soils called in Beira Interior?
Picarra
412
?? What’s picarra?
The soil in Beira Interior Portugal: granitic schist soil
413
Which two subregions are located in norhern part of Beira Interior?
Pinhel and Castelo Rodrigo (splited by Rio Côa)
414
Which subregion is on the east bank of Rio Côa?
Castelo Rodrigo
415
Which subregion is on the western bank of Rio Côa?
Pinhel
416
Name the three subregions in Beira Interior?
Pinhel, Castelo Rodrigo, Cova da Beira
417
Which is the river in Beira Interior?
Côa River
418
In which region do you find Côa River?
Beira Interior?
419
Which is the southern subregion in Beira Interior?
Cova da Beira
420
Where is Cova da Beira?
A subregion of Beira Interior, in the southern part of the region, just east of Dão, eastern foothills of the Serra da Estrela.
421
What’s the soil in Cova da Beira?
clay
422
Which region is in the eastern foothills of the Serra da Estrela?
Southern subregion of Beira Interior- Cova da Beira.
423
When was Beiras IGP divided into four new IGPs?
In 2011
424
Name the four new IGPs devided by Beiras?
Terras do Dão, Terras de Cister, Terras da Beira, Beira Atlântico
425
Which DOCs are included in Terras do Dão IGP/VR?
Dão DOC and Lafões DOC
426
What’s the wine style of Dão?
Touriga Nacional is a signature grape of Dão, wines are more elegant, sharper, more floral than Douro.
427
What’s the requirements for “reserva” indication in Dão ?
Red: 2years of aging;
White: 6 months.
428
What are the regquirements to indicate Bairrada Clássico?
Mini alcohol content is 12% abv for white and 12.5% for red (higher than standard 11%abv)
429
What’s the mini alcohol content for standard Bairrada DOP?
11% abv
430
What’s the preferred soil for Maria Gomes and Arinto in Bairrada?
Sandier soils
431
What’s barros soil?
clay
432
What’s the best soil for Baga grape in Bairrada?
Barros (clay) soil
433
Which is the red key grape variety of Bairrada DOP?
Baga
434
What’s the aging requirements for Nobre Garrafeira white in Dão?
18 months including 9 months in bottle
435
Which indications can be labeled on Dão’s wines?
Nobre, Reserva, garrafeira
436
What’s the aging requirements for “Nobre Reserva” red in Dão?
42months
437
What’s the aging requirements for “Nobre Reserva” white in Dão?
1 year
438
What’s the aging requirements for “Nobre Garrafeira” red in Dão?
48months including 18months in bottle
439
What are the aging requirements and alcohol content for indicating “Nobre Garrafeira”?
Red: mini aging 48months including 18months in the bottle;
Mini alcohol is 13.5% abv;
White: mini aging 18mohts including 9 months in the bottle.
Mini alcohol is 12.5% abv.
440
What are the requirements for indicating “Nobre Reserva”?
Red: must contain a mini 15% Touriga Nacional + at most 85% of combined Jaen, Rufete, Alfrocheiro, Aragonez;
Mini 42 months of aging;
Mini 13.5% abv.
White: mini 15% Encruzado + max 85% Cercial, Bical, Malvasia Fina, Verdelho;
Mni 1 year of aging;
Mini 12.5% abv.
441
Which are requirements for “Nobre” indication?
Red: must contain a mini 15% Touriga Nacional + at most 85% of combined Jaen, Rufete, Alfrocheiro, Aragonez;
Mini 3 years of aging;
Mini 13% abv.
White: mini 15% Encruzado + max 85% Cercial, Bical, Malvasia Fina, Verdelho;
Mni 1 year of aging;
Mini 12% abv.
442
Where is Castelo Rodrigo?
It’s a subregion of Beira Interior DOP
443
Where is Cova da Beira?
It’s a subregion of Beira Interior DOP
444
Where is Pinhel?
It’s a subregion of Beira Interior DOP
445
Beira Interior DOP is within which IGP?
Terras da Beira IGP
446
Távora-Varosa DOP is within which IGP?
Terras de Cister IGP
447
Where is Terras do Sicó?
It’s a subregion of Beira Atlântico IGP
448
Name the subregion of Beira Atlântico IGP?
Terras do Sicó
449
What's the DOP within VR Terras da Beira ?
Beira Interior DOP
450
What are the wine styles can be produced in VR Terras da Beira?
Tinto, Branco, Rosado, Frisante, Espumante
451
Which types of wine can be produced in Beira Interior DOP?
Branco/Tinto (may be labeled "Selecção")
Rosado
Tinto "Palhete" (made from up to max. 15% white grapes)
Espumante.
452
What are the aging requirement for "Selecção" wines in Beira Interior DOP?
Branco Selecção: 6mths
Tinto Selecção: 12mths
Espumante: 9 mths on the lees.
453
Which mountains can be found in Lisboa? which mountain is west of Lisboa?
Sintra Mountains, Scorro, Archeira, Montejunto, Candeeiros, and Aire ranges.
Sintra Mountains is west of Lisboa.
454
What’s the climate of Lisboa?
Maritime climate
455
Name the 9 individual DOPs included in Lisboa?
Bucelas, Colares, Carcavelos, Arruda, Torres Vedras, Alenquer, Óbidos, Lourinhã,
Encostas d'Aire.
456
Name the three most historic wine regions outside Lisbon in Portugal?
Carcavelos, Colares, Bucelas
457
How is the Carcavelos wine made?
The wines are fermented dry, then fortified and sweetened with a fermented must preserved with alcohol. After fortification, the wine is aged in barrel for at least 2years + 6months in bottle.
458
What’s vinho abafado?
It’a a fermented must preserved with alcohol, to fortify the Carcavelos wines.
459
What’s the preserved must called to fortify Carcavelos wines?
Vinho abafado
460
Who originally created Carcavelos region?
Marquis de Pombal (created strictly limited Port production to fruit grown on the schist soils on the banks of the Douro River, but he left one exception for fruit from his own vineyards in the town of Oeiras, in what is today Carcavelos.)
461
Where is Carcavelos?
Just west of Lisbon (Southern most DOP within VR Lisboa)
462
How many hectares are there in Carcavelos DOC?
Only 25ha
463
Which type of wine can be produced in Carcavelos DOC?
Solely for the classic fortified wines
464
Who is the only producer of Carcavelos DOC?
Villa Oeiras
465
What are the requirements on grape varieties for Carcavelos DOC?
White: must have a mini of 75% combined Arinto, Ratinho, Galego Dourado;
Red: mini of 75% combined Castelão and Negra Mole.
466
What’s the max yields for Carcavelos DOC?
55hl/ha
467
What’s the mini potential alcohol content for Carcavelos DOC wine must?
Mini 11% abv
468
What’s the final wines’s alcohol content after fortification for Carcavelos DOC?
Between 17.5% abv-22% abv.
469
What’s the aging requirements for Carcavelos DOC wines?
Mini 2 years in oak and 6 months in bottle.
470
Which styles of wine can be produced in Carcavelos DOP?
Vinho Licoroso (fortified): Tinto, Branco
471
What's the max. RS of Carcavelos DOP wines?
150g/l
472
Why Colares was not affected by phylloxera?
Sandy soil
473
What’s the local name for sandy soil in Colares?
chão de areia
474
What’s the chão de areia?
Sandy soil in Colares, generally with 2m deep, above a layer of calcareous clay.
475
What’s the climate in Colares?
Maritime climate (rarely exceeds 25 degrees Celsius)
476
Which is the western most mountain in Portugal?
Sintra Mountains
477
Which mountains of Lisboa are closest to the ocean?
Sintra Mountains
478
In which mountain range is Colares located?
Sintra Mountains
479
Which is the westernmost wine region in Continental Europe?
Colares DOC
480
What are the challenges to grow vines in Colares?
*Intense Atlantic winds strip new flowers off their buds and shear the leaves off the plants.
*The vineyards are close to the ocean enough that the leaves can get burned by salt water.
*Mildew pressure is extremely high.
*Seabirds eat the ripe grapes.
481
Grapes grown in chão rijo soils in Colares can be labeled under which appellation?
Only as VR Lisboa
482
What’s the limestone soil called in Colares?
chão rijo
483
What’s chão rijo (hard floor)?
Limestone soil in Colares
484
What are the grape varieties for Colares DOC wines?
Red: Ramisco from chão de areia (sand) soils; Castelão from chão rijo(limestone) soils.
White: Malvasia from both soils.
485
Which grape variety is authorized for chão de areia (sand) soils in Colares?
Primarily Ramisco for Tinto, Malvasia for Branco
486
Which grape variety is authorized for chão rijo(limestone) soils in Colares?
Primarily Castelão for Tinto, Malvasia for Branco
487
What's the white grape varieties authorized for chão rijo and chão de areia soils in Colares?
both is Malvasia
488
Which types of wine are produced from Colares DOC?
Branco and Tinto
489
What’s the maximum yields of Colares DOC wines?
70hl/ha for white
55hl/ha for red
490
What’s the aging requirement of Colares DOC?
Red: 18months in container + 6 months in bottle (but generally 5-8 years before release);
White: 6 months in container + 3 months in bottle.
491
What’s the mini alcohol content of Colares DOC wines?
9.5% abv
492
Which subregions of Lisboa has more exposure to the Atlantic winds?
Bucelas
493
Where is Bucelas?
Just northeast of Lisbon
494
Which region is the home of Arinto? What's the other name of Arinto?
Bucelas; Arinto de Bucelas
495
Which types of wine can be produced in Bucelas DOC?
Only dry white and traditional method sparkling wines.
496
What’s the grape variety for Bucelas DOC wines?
Mini 75% Arinto for both dry white and sparkling, plus Sercial (Esgana Cão) and Rabo de Ovelha.
497
Apart from Arinto, which other grape varieties are also permitted in Bucelas DOC?
Esgana Cão (Sercial in Madeira), and Rabo de Ovelha
498
What’s the yields in Bucelas DOC?
Max. 70hl/ha
499
What’s the mini alcohol content of Bucelas wines?
10.5% abv
500
Where is Encostas de Aire?
In the far northeast of Lisboa
501
Name the two subezones of Encostas de Aire?
Ourém, and Alcobaça
Ourém, and Alcobaça
502
Where is Ourém located?
A subzone within Encostas de Aire (far northeast of Lisboa)
503
Which type of wine is produced in Ourém?
Medieval de Ourém
504
What’s Medieval de Ourém?
It’s a blend of 80% Fernão Pires白and 20% Trincadeira红, fermented in separate containers, then before fermentation is completed, the two musts are combined, then finish the fermentation.
So the wine is richer and structured than a palhete or clarete.
505
Which DOC has the lowest yield in Lisboa?
Medieval de Ourém DOC: only 40hl/ha
506
Which DOC of Portugal is exclusively on Brandy/aguardente production?
Lourinhã DOC
507
Where is Óbidos DOP? Which styles of wine are produced?
Subregion of Lisboa;
Vinho: Branco, Rosado, Tinto; Vinho Espumante (Sparkling).
508
Where is Alenquer DOP? styles of wine?
Subregion of Lisboa;
Branco and Tinto
509
Where is Arruda DOP?
Subregion of Lisboa;
Branco and Tinto
510
Where is Encostas d'Aire DOP? styles of wine?
Northern most of Lisboa region;
Branco, Rosado, Tinto, Medieval de Ourém
511
Where is Torres Vedras DOP? styles of wine?
A subregion of Lisboa;
Branco, Tinto
512
Which subregions of Lisboa can produce Rosado?
Encostas d'Aire DOP, Óbidos DOP
513
Which subregions of Lisboa can produce Espumante?
Bucelas, Óbidos DOP
514
Which subregions of Lisboa can produce Licoroso(fortified)?
Carcavelos DOP
515
Which subregions of Portugal can only produce Branco and Tinto still wines?
Alenquer DOP
Arruda DOP
Colares DOP
Torres Vedras DOP
516
What are the grape varieties of Carcavelos DOP?
Tinto: Min. 75% combined Castelão and Preto Martinho (Negra Mole)
Branco: Min. 75% combined Arinto, Ratinho, and Galego Dourado
517
What are the grape varieties of Ourém?
Tinto: Trincadeira
Branco: Fernão Pires
518
Where is Alcobaça? What are the grape varieties of Alcobaça
It's a subzone of Encostas d'Aire DOP within Lisboa;
Tinto: Alcobaça: Min. 65% combined Aragonez (Tinta Roriz), Baga, Castelão, Tinta Miúda, Touriga Nacional.
Branco: Min. 65% Fernão Pires, Ratinho, Tamarez, Vital; plus Bical, Cercial, Chardonnay, Rabo de Ovelha, Trincadeira Branca.
519
What are the recommended grape varieties of Lourinhã DOP?
Tinta: Cabinda
Branco: Alicante Branco, Alvadurão, Boal Espinho, Marquinhas, Malvasia Rei, Tália [Ugni Blanc].
520
What's the synonym of Ugni Blanc in Lourinha ?
Tália
521
Name the most common grape varieties in Lisboa?
Tinto: Aragonez (Tinta Rotiz), Castelao, Tinta Miuda, Touriga Nacional, Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)
Branco:Arinto (Pedernã), Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes), Rabo de Ovelha, Seara Nova, Vital;
522
What's the climate in Tejo?
Northwest: humid Atlantic influence
Southeast: arid Mediterranean heat
523
What's the River flows through the Tejo region?
Tejo River
524
Where is Tejo?
East of Lisboa IGP/VR
525
What’s the floodplains locally called surrounding Tejo River ?
Lezíria
526
What’s the dominant grape variety in Tejo?
Fernão Pires (white)
527
Name the 6 subregion of Tejo?
Tomar, Santarém, Chamusca, Cartaxo, Almeirim, Coruche
528
What’s the soil types surround Tejo River?
North: rockier (hillier)
West: limestone
East: granite and schist
South: red clay (similar to Alentejo)
529
Name the three subregions north of the Tejo River? Name the 3 subregions on the southern bank of Tejo River?
North of Tejo River: From southwest to northeast: Cartaxo, Santarém, Tomar
South of Tejo River: From south to north: Coruche, Almeirim, Chamusca
530
What’s the major red grape variety in Tejo?
Castelão
531
What’s the VR and DOC of Tejo region?
Tejo VR and DoTejo DOC
532
Which types of wine are produced in DoTejo DOC?
Vinho: Tinto, Branco, Rosado
Espumante (sparkling)
Vinho Licoroso (fortified)
533
What are the styles of wine in RV Tejo?
Vinho: Tinto, Branco, Rosado
Vinho Frisante (semi-sparkling)
Vinho Leve
534
What's Vinho Leve?
"Light wine" in Portuguese, known for its cool climate influence, low alcohol content, and refreshing, crisp flavors.
535
What was the Península de Setúbal known before 2009?
Terras do Sado
536
What’s the soil types in Setúbal?
Calcareous clay and sandy soils
537
Where is Setúbal Peninsula?
Southeast of Lisboa
538
Which part of Setúbal is the exception that has colder climate?
Southeastern coast of the peninsula, the Serra da Arrábida
539
In which region do you find Serra da Arrábida?
In Setúbal Peninsula
540
What’s the terroir of Serra da Arrábida?
High elevation, colder, with poorer soils
541
What’s the full name of JMF?
José Maria da Fonseca
542
Where is José Maria da Fonseca located?
In Setúbal Peninsula
543
When was José Maria da Fonseca established?
In 1834
544
Which producer developed Moscatel de Setúbal?
JMF: José Maria da Fonseca
545
What’s the fortifed wine produced in Setúbal called?
Moscatel de Setúbal
546
What’s the VR of Setúbal ?
Setúbal Peninsula VR
547
Name the two DOCs in Setúbal ?
Setúbal/ Moscatel de Setúbal DOC, and Palmela DOC
548
Which is the most liberal appellation in Portugal in terms of permitted styles and grape varieties?
Setúbal Peninsula VR
549
Which types of wine can be produced in Setúbal Peninsula VR?
Any style:all colors of still wine, frisante, espumante, in any method of production, and fortified and distilled winesl.
550
How many grape varieties can be produced in Setúbal Peninsula VR?
More than 200 grape varieties.
551
What’s the soil types in Setúbal ?
limestone (Arrábida hills) and sand (Palmela plains)
552
Which types of wine are produced in Palmela DOC?
Branco, Rosado, Tinto, Frisante, Espumante, Licoroso
553
Which is the key grape variety of Palmela DOC? Wine style?
Castelão: high alcohol, soft, velvety tannins
554
Where is Palmela ?
In Setúbal (the same geographic area as Setúbal Peninsula VR)
555
When did Moscatel de Setúbal originally receive Região Demarcada status ?
in 1907
556
What are the other two names of Setúbal DOC?
Setúbal DOC=Moscatel de Setúbal=Moscatel Roxo紫色de Setúbal DOC
557
Which type of wine is produced in Setúbal DOC?
Sweet red and white fortified dessert wines solely
558
Which type of wine is produced in Setúbal DOC?
Sweet red and white fortified dessert wines solely
559
What’s the grape variety of Setúbal DOC? what’s the %?
Branco: min 67% Moscatel Graúdo (local name for Muscat of Alexandria or Moscatel de Setúbal),
Tinto: min 67% Moscatel Galego Roxo (a red color mutation of Moscatel Galego).
560
What does the age statement of Moscatel de Setúbal refer to ?
Rarely corresponds to the actual average age, which is generally much older.
561
Which designation can be labeled for Moscatel de Setúbal?
1) Vintage 2) age statements 3) both
Answer: 3)
562
What’s the unique winemaking technique for Moscatel de Setúbal?
The wine often undergo a very long maceration after fortification, generally 5-6months. Then age in barrel until they are bottled.
563
What’s the style of Moscatel de Setúbal?
Deeply perfumed, structured.
564
What are the international grapes allowed for both red and white wines in Palmela DOP?
Cab S, Syrah, Merlot, Tannat;
Chardonnay, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc.
565
What are the main grape varieties for white wines of Palmela DOP?
Fernão Pires and Arinto.
566
What’s Palmela DOP’s premier grape for reds? What’s the min % of this grape for red wine?
Castelão; 66.7%
567
Which part of Palmela has the best terroir for Castelão?
The sandy plains
568
Name the two areas of Palmela DOP and its soil?
Low-lying plains: sand
Lower slopes of the Arrabida Mountains: clay-limestone
569
What’s the climate of Península de Setúbal IGP?
Mediterranean
570
The Península de Setúbal IGP is defined by which two estuaries河口?
Tagus and Sado, and section of the Atlantic Coast.
571
What’s the % to be labeled varietal for Moscatel de Setubal?
May be labeled by variety if either grape comprises a minimum 85% of the blend
572
Which producer stocks Moscatel de Setubal dating to the 19th century, some of which crossed the equator at sea?
Jose Maria da Fonseca
573
Which is Setubal’s largest producer?
Jose Maria da Fonseca
574
What’s the alcohol content range for Muscatel de Setubal?
16%-22% abv
575
What’s the mini. RS for Moscatel de Setubal?
Under or equal to 20years old: 280g/l
Over 20years old: 340g/l
576
What’s the mini aging for Moscatel de Setubal?
18 months
577
What’s the age desinations for Moscatel de Setubal?
10/20/30/+40 years old
Superior: mini. 5yrs of age
578
Where is Alentejo?
South of the Tejo River and north of Algarve.
579
What’s the soil type in Alentejo?
Red clay with granite, schist, limestone.
580
What’s the climate in Alentejo?
Very hot and dry summer with the largest diurnal shifts (reaching a difference of 22-28 degrees celsius)
581
Which is the largest wine region in Portugal?
Alentejo
582
Name two high quality producers in Alentejo?
Tapada do Chaves, in Portalegre,
Herdade do Mouchão, near the city of Estremoz, in Borba.
583
Where is Tapada do Chaves?
in Portalegre, Alentejo
584
Where is Herdade do Mouchão?
near the city of Estremoz, in Borba, Alentejo
585
What’s Talhas?
Clay pots陶罐, a vessel for winemaking in Alentejo
586
What’s the special designation for traditionally made talha wines?
Vinho de Talha DOC
587
Where is Vinho de Talha DOC?
In Alentejo
588
When was Vinho de Talha DOC established?
In 2011
589
What styles of wine are produced in Alentejo DOC?
Same as Alentejano VR:
Vinho: Tinto, Branco, Rosado
Vinho Espumante (sparkling)
Vinho Licoroso (fortified)
590
What’s the mini alcohol content of nonfortified wines of Alentejano VR? And fortified wines?
11%abv; 17.5% abv for fortified wines.
591
What styles of wine are permitted in Alentejano VR?
Vinho: Tinto, Branco, Rosado
Vinho Espumante (sparkling)
Vinho Licoroso (fortified)
592
What’s the VR of Alentejo?
Alentejano VR
593
Name the 9 sub-designations in Alentejo DOC from north to south?
Portalegre, Borba, Redondo, Évora, Reguengos, Granja-Amareleja, Vidigueira, Moura,
Vinho de Talha DOC
594
What’s the soil in Portalegre?
Granite
595
What’s the mountain range in Portalegre?
Serra de São Mamede
596
Where is Portalegre?
In the far northeastern corner of Alentejo
597
What’s the altitude of Portalegre?
Up to 800m
598
Which subregion of Alentejo has the highest elevation?
Portalegre
599
In which region is Serra de São Mamede located?
Portalegre: subregion of Alentejo
600
Where is Portalegre?
It’s in the far northeastern corner of Alentejo
601
What’s the climate of Portalegre?
Cool-climate
602
What’s the terroir and wine style of Portalegre?
High elevation, poor soils-granite, abundance of bush vines, allow the grapes ripen slower and have lower potential alcohols than other subregions.
603
Where is Herdade do Mouchão winery located? (Herdade财产）
In Borba, subregion of Alentejo
604
When was Herdade do Mouchão established?
In 1901 (one of Portugal’s oldest estate producers of table wine)
605
Where is Borba?
It’s a subregion of Alentejo, south of Portalegre
606
What’s the soil of Borba?
Limestone
607
What’s the elevation of Borba?
400m
608
Where is Serra d’Ossa?
In Borba, subregion of Alentejo
609
What’s the most notable geographic feature/mountain in Borba?
Serra d’Ossa
610
What’s the wine style of Borba?
Ripe, structured, mineral forward, incredibly ageworthy, dark fruited and graphite-scented石墨香Alicante Bouschet.
611
Which grape variety has the best expression in Borba?
Alicante Bouschet
612
Which producer introduced Alicante Bouschet to Borba?
Herdade do Mouchão
613
Name the oldest cooperative winery in Redondo? When was it established?
Adega de Redondo, in 1956 (one of the oldest cooperative wineries in Portugal)
614
Where is Évora?
Just west of Redondo, it’s a subregion also capital city of Alentejo
615
What’s the soil of Évora?
Red clay
616
Which is the capital and largest city in Alentejo?
Évora (medieval walled city)
617
Name the largest co-op in Reguengos?
CARMIM - Cooperativa Agrícola de Reguengos de Monsaraz
618
What’s the soil in Reguengos, Granja-Amareleja, Moura?
Red clay
619
Where is Moura?
A Subregion in Alentejo
620
Where is Granja-Amareleja?
A Subregion in Alentejo
621
Where is Reguengos?
A Subregion in Alentejo
622
Where is Vidigueira?
A western subregion of Alentejo
623
Which subregion of Alentejo has stronger influence of the Atlantic?
Vidigueira
624
When is Vinho de Talha released?
On November 11 the same year of the vintage, which is Saint Martin’s Day.
625
Which wine is served on the Saint Martin’s Day圣马丁节in Portugal?
Vinho de Talha
626
What’s the size of Talhas?
600-1000L
627
What’s the traditional lining of pes内衬of Talhas?
Olive oil, pine resin, beeswax ( Pesto seal the talha, should impart virtually no flavor to a finished wine, regulating the exposure to oxygen, preserving fruit).
628
What’s the soil of Algarve?
Limestone
629
Where is Algarve?
The southern most region of Portugal
630
What’s the climate in Algarve?
Mediterranean
631
Which region was the first place grapevines were planted in Portugal?
Algarve
632
What’s the key white grape in Algarve?
Síria
633
What’s the key red grape in Algarve?
Negra Mole黑鼹鼠=Tinta Negra
634
Name the four DOCs in Algarve?
From west to east: Lagos, Portimão, Lagoa, Tavira
635
Which are the recommended white grape varieties in Algarve’s subregions?
Arinto (Pedernã) and Síria (Roupeiro)
636
Which are the recommended red grape varieties in Algarve’s subregions?
Negra Mole (Tinta Negra), Castelão, Trincadeira
637
Which subregion of Algarve does not include Castelão in its recommended varieties?
Lagoa DOC
Lagoa DOC
638
Which subregion of Algarve added Malvasia Fina in its recommended white varieties?
Lagos DOC
639
What’s the synonym of Roupeiro?
Síria
640
What’s the synonym of Arinto?
Pedernã
641
Which styles of wine are produced in Algarve IGP?
Vinho: Tinto, Branco, Rosado
Vinho Licoroso (fortified): Tinto, Branco
642
What styles of wine are prudced in the subregions of Algarve?
Lagoa DOP,LagosDOP,Portimao DOP, Tavira DOP
Tinto and Branco for all four DOP's
643
Name the two islands in Madeira?
Madeira and Porto Santo
644
What's the climate in Madeira island?
mild, temperature during growing season around 25degrees celsius, high levels of moisture in winter.
645
What’s the training system in Madeira? Why?
Pergolas = latadas (棚架); to make use of limited space and protect the vines from disease.
646
What’s the Portuguese name for Pergolas?
latadas
647
What’s the soil in Madeira?
Volcanic
648
Where is Porto Santo?
Located northeast of Madeira
649
What’s the soil in Porto Santo?
Very rocky calcareous soils
650
What’s the vine training method in Porto Santo?why?
Head-trained Bush vine;
it has semiarid climate (different from Madeira)
651
What’s Medeira’s main port?
Funchal
652
To whom did farmers sell their fruit to store the Madeira wines?
shippers托运人
653
When did phylloxera arrive in Madeira?
1850s
654
When were the hybrid grape varieties banned in Madeira?
In 1979
655
When did Barbeito transformed bulk wine business to high-quality Madeira production?
1991
656
Who relaunched the Madeira in the US as a fine-wine concept in 1988?
Madeira Wine Company invested by Symyngton Family and partnered with the Broadbent family(US fine-wine importer and distributor)
657
When did Symyngton family invest in Madeira Wine Company?
In 1988
658
Name the 5 noble grape varieties of Madeira?
Sercial, Verdelho, Boal, Malvasia, Bastardo
659
Which grape varieties are most used for producing dry wines in Madeira and Porto Santo?
Tinta Negra, and Verdelho
660
Name the two designations for Madeira dry wines?
Terras Madeirenses VR, and Madeirense DOC
661
Which is the VR designation for Madeira dry wine? When was it established?
Terras Madeirenses VR; in 2004
662
Which is the DOC designation for Madeira dry wine? When was it established?
Madeirense DOC, in 1999
663
When was Terras Madeirenses VR established?
In 2004
664
When was Madeirense DOC established?
In 1999
665
Which types of wine are produced in Madeirense DOC?
Tinto, Branco, Rosado
666
Which types of wine are produced in Terras Madeirenses VR?
Tinto, Branco, Rosado
667
Which types of wine are produced in Madeira DOC?
Vinho Licoroso (fortified)
668
Which regions produce Madeira DOC? and Madeirense DOP?
Both can be produced from Madeira and Porto Santo
669
Which region of Portugal has the most maritime climate?
Azores
670
What’s the VR designation for Azores?
Azores VR
671
When was Azores VR established?
In 2004
672
Where is São Jorge?
São Jorge is an island in the central group of the Azores
673
Where is Pico?
South of São Jorge, an island in the central group of Azores
674
Which is the most famous island for wine production in Azores?
Pico
675
What’s the soil in Pico’s vineyard?
aa lava
676
What’s aa lava locally called in Pico?
chão de biscoitos (floor of cookies)
677
What does “ chão de biscoitos” refer to?
aa lava soil in Pico island in Azores
678
What's aa lava?
Aa lava comes from fast eruptions where the lava solidifies into pebbly, jagged stones.
679
What's pahoehoe?
Pahoehoe originates from much slower, gradual lava flows that dry in smooth, wavy formation, which must be physically broken up before vines can be planted on them.
680
What’s the microclimate of Criação Velha?
It’s far enough from the Pico moutain to avoid cloud cover and fog, which has the warmest microclimate on the island.
681
What’s the most famous and most planted zone on Pico island?
Criação Velha
682
Where is Criação Velha?
West of Pico Mountain, in Pico island
683
Which is Portugal’s tallest mountain? Where is it?
Mount Pico, on Pico island in Azores
684
Which types of wine are produced in Pico DOP?
Branco, Espumante, Licoroso
685
What’s the key grape variety in Pico DOP?
Arinto, Terrantez and Verdelho
686
Which is the northernmost and smallest island in the central group of Azores?
Graciosa
687
What styles of wine are produced in Graciosa?
Branco, Espumante, Licoroso
688
Where is Biscoitos饼干?
A northern district of Terceira isaland in Azores
689
Where is Terceira?
A large round island, east of São Jorge圣乔治
690
What’s the soil type in Biscoitos?
Aa lava
691
What’s the volcanic stone walls surround the vineyards in Pico and Terceira?
jeirões (singular jarão)
692
What’s jarão/jeirões ?
Volcanic stone walls to protect the vineyards from the cold wet wind in Pico and Terceira islands
693
What's the purpose to build the stone walls on Pico and Terceira?
1) to move the volcanic rocks to plant vines, building walls close to the vineyards was the easiest way to use the rocks.
2) The walls block wind and absorb heat.
694
What’s the training system in Pico and Terceira?
Head-trained very low to the ground (for wind protection).
695
What’s the main style of wine produced in Açores？
Dry white wine mostly from Verdelho and Arinto
696
How many islands in Azores?
nine
697
Which types of wine are produced in Pico, Graciosa, Biscoitos DOPs? What are the grape varieties?
Branco, Espumante, Licoroso Branco (fortified, similar to Madeira);
All three DOPs: mini 80% combined Verdelho, Arinto dos Açores, Terrantez do Pico
698
Name the three DOCs in Azores?
Pico, Graciosa, Biscoitos
699
What’s the mini alcohol content of Pico’s licoroso wine?
Mini 16% abv after fortification
700
How long are the Pico’s licoroso wines aged ?
Mini 2years in barrel
701
Where is Transmontano VR located?
To the east of Minho
702
Which DOC is included in Transmontano VR ?
Trás-os-Montes
703
Which DOCs are included in Duriense VR?
Douro and Porto
704
Beiras was divided into 4 VRs in 2011, name the 4 VRs?
Terras do Dao
Terras de Cister
Terras da Beira
Beira Atlantico
705
Which DOCs are included in Terras do Dão VR?
Dão DOC
Lafões DOC
706
Which DOC is included in Terras de Cister VR?
Távora-Varosa
707
Which DOC is included in Terras da Beira VR?
Beira Interior DOC
708
Which DOC is included in Beira Atlântico VR?
Bairrada DOC
709
Which DOC is included in Alentejano VR?
Alentejo DOC
710
Which DOC is included in Tejo VR?
DoTejo DOC
711
Name the 6 subregions of DoTejo DOC?
six subregions: Coruche, Chamusca, Cartaxo, Santarém, Tomar, and Almeirim.
712
Name the 8 subzones of Alentejo?
eight subzones: Moura, Granja-Amareleja, Évora, Vidigueira, Reguengos, Redondo, Borba, and Portalegre
713
What’s the former name of Península de Setúbal VR?
Terras do Sado
714
Which VR does Terras do Sado refer to?
Península de Setúbal VR
715
Which DOCs are included in Península de Setúbal VR (formerly Terras do Sado)?
Setúbal DOC and Palmela DOC
716
Name the 4 DOCs included in Algarve VR?
Lagos, Lagoa, Portimão, Tavira
717
Which DOCs are included in Açores (Azores) VR?
Pico DOC, Biscoitos, Graciosa
718
Which DOCs are included in Terras Madeirenses VR?
Madeira DOC, Madeirense DOC
719
Which DOC is included in Minho VR?
Vinho Verde DOC
720
What are the subzones of Lisboa VR?
Estremadura, Alta Estremadura
721
Name three rivers that affect Minho
Lima, Minho,Tamega
722
What are the sparkling aging designations of Planalto Mirandes?
Rserva:12-24months
Extra Reserva: 24-36months
Reserva Velha/Gran Reserva:>36months
723
What DOP is most known for sparkling wine in Portugal? What IGP is it in?
Tavora-Varosa in Terras de Cister
724
What does Terras do Cister derive it's name from?
Cistercian Monks. They planted Chardonnay and Pinot Noir early on.
725
What is the min. abv for Vinho Verde? For the subzones? For Sprkling? For Varietal Alvarinho?
8%,
9% for subs except for Sousa,
10% for sparklign,
11.5% for varietal Alvarinho
726
What is the cepage of Lafoes tinto? Branco?
Tinto: min 40% Amaral, plus Jaen and Pilongo
Branco: min 85% Arinto (min 50%) and Cercial, plus Dona Branco, Sercial, and Rabo de Ovelha
727
What additional classifications can Beira Interior Branco be labeled as, and what does it indicate?
“Selecção”
12% (Normal/as opposed to 11%) and 6 months aging
Uses only Arinto, Malvasia Fina, Siria, Bical and Tamarez
727
What are the grapes for Vinho Verde Branco?
Alvarinho, Avesso, Azal, Batoca, Loureiro, Arinto (Pederña), Trajadura
728
What additional classifications can Beira Interior Tinto be labeled as, and what does it indicate?
“Seleccao”
13% (as opposed to 12%) and 12 months aging
Uses only Aragonez, Bastardo, Rufete, Touriga Nacional and Trincadeira
“Palhete”
11.5% and made with up to 15% white grapes
728
What is Bairrada Classico?
Bairrada Tinto made with only recommended varietals: Baga (at least 50%), Alfrocheiro, Camarante, Castelo, and Touriga Nacional.
Also 12.5% abv as opposed to 11% for every other style.
728
What's the requirement for Lourinho ?
Aguardente only,
min 38% abv,
min 24mo aging.
728
What does the Dao take its name from?What is another important geological feature?
Dao River
Serra da Estrella, highest peak in continental Portugal.
729
What are the requirement for Dao Tinto Reserva?
11.5%, 24mths
729
What did the Peninsula de Setubal used to be known as? When was the name changed?
Changed from Terras do Sado in 2009 to better highlight its most famous product.
729
What are the 2subzones of Lisboa? What DOP do they overlap?
Alta Estremadura and Estremadura,
overlap Encostas d'Aire
729
What is the cepage of Bairrada Tinto?
min 85% Combined Baga (at least 50%), Alfrocheiro, Camarante, Castelao, Touriga Nacional.
729
How is Carcavelhos made?
Base wine is fermented dry and then fortified and sweetened with Vinho Abafado
17.5%-22%
Max. RS 150g/l
Min. Aging: 24months in wood and 6mo in bottle.
729
What is Vinho Abafado?
Mistelle used for fortifying and sweetening Carcavelhos
729
What are the grapes for Vinho Verde Tinto?
Tinto: Amaral, Borraçal, Alvarelhão (Brancelho), Espadeiro, Padeiro, Pedral, Rabo-de-Anho, Vinhão
730
What are the 2soil types of Colares and what is grown in each?
Chão de Areia (sand) -Ramisco
Chao Rija (hard soil)-Castelão
731
What two wines were traditionally created through "torna viagem"?
viagem旅行
Setubal and Madeira
732
What is the most notable red from Peninsula de Setubal?
J.M. da Fonseca’s Periquita, 100% Castelao. Other producers began using Periquita as a synonym for Castelao due to the wine’s success, but Fonseca halted this in court.
733
What famous winery is a sister brand to J.M. da Fonseca?
Lancers
734
How much of Portugal is contained in Alengejano IGP?
30%
735
What is the most promising subregion of Alentejo DOP? Why?
Portalegre
Located on the cool, granitic slopes of the Sao Mamede Mountains in the northern part of the region, so it’s slightly cooler
736
Is Alentejo better known for white, or red? What are the major grapes for each?
Produces mostly red from Trincadeira.
Whites are based on Arinto and Fernao Pires
737
What's the alcohol level for Vinho Leve?
7-9.5% abv
authorized for many IGPs
738
What does Garrafeira indicate?
Branco and Rosado: 12mo, including 6 in bot
Tinto: 30mo, inclu 12 in botl
Port: 8years in demijohns
739
What does Colheita Seleccionada indicate?
at least 1% abv higher than minimum
740
What are the treaties that Portugal made that benefitted their trade? With whom? When?
Both with England while they were having issues with France.
1386- Treaty of Windsor
1703- Treaty of Methuen
741
When did the English discover Port? What village?
1678 in Lamego
742
What Port houses are at the forefront of dry wine production?
Quinta do Crasto
Niepoort
Ramos Pinto
743
Where does the fruit for the original Barca Velha go now?
Quinta do Vale Meao
a cult producer
744
Which island does not make fortified wine in Azores? What does it make?
Graciosa
dry whites only from the same grapes as Madeira
745
Where is Portugal's highest peak located
Mount Pico on the island of Pico, in the Azores
