US Flashcards
(959 cards)
1
Q
Name the 5 AVAs in the Far North?
A
Willow Creek AVA (Humboldt and Trinity Counties),
Inwood Valley AVA, Manton Valley AVA (Shasta),
Seiad Valley AVA (Siskiyou),
Trinity Lakes AVA (Trinity County)
2
Q
Which AVA is shared between Shasta County and Tehama County?
A
Manton Valley AVA
3
Q
Where is Inwood Valley AVA?
A
In Shasta county, the Far North, California
4
Q
Where is Willow Creek AVA?
A
In Humboldt and Trinity counties, the Far North, California
5
Q
Where is Trinity Lakes AVA?
A
Trinity county, the Far North
5
Q
Where is Seiad Valley?
A
In Siskiyou, the Far North
6
Q
Where is Guenoc Valley AVA?
A
Lake County, North Coast California
6
Q
where is Lake County?
A
North Coast of California
7
Q
How many AVAs in Lake County? Name them?
A
9 AVAs in Lake County:
Clear Lake AVA,
High Valley AVA,
Guenoc Valley AVA,
Red Hills-Lake County AVA,
Big Valley District-Lake County AVA,
Kelsey Bench-Lake County AVA,
Upper Lake Valley AVA,
Long Valley-Lake County AVA,
Benmore Valley AVA.
8
Q
Where is Kelsey Bench?
A
Lake County, North Coast California
9
Q
Where is Upper Lake Valley?
A
Lake County, North Coast California
10
Q
Where is Benmore Valley?
A
Lake County, North Coast California
11
Q
Where is High Valley AVA?
A
Lake County, North Coast California
12
Q
Big Valley District?
A
Lake County, North Coast California
13
Q
What’s the climate in The Far North?
A
Mediterranean
14
Q
What’s the climate in general in Mendocino County?
A
Foggy, cool and moody
15
Q
Name the 5 counties in North Coast?
A
Lake County, Mendocino County, Napa County, Solano County, Sonoma County
16
Q
Which county is covered by 60% redwood?
A
Mendocino County in North Coast California
17
Q
Which grape varieties are most planted in Mendocino?
A
Red grapes
17
Q
Which AVA hold Alsatian Festival?
A
Anderson Valley
18
Q
Which is the only non-contiguous不连续的AVA in America?why?
A
Mendocino Ridge, only elevations of 1200ft/365m or higher
19
Q
How many AVAs in Mendocino County? Which are they?
A
16 AVAs
Anderson Valley AVA,
Cole Ranch AVA,
Covelo AVA,
Dos Rios AVA,
Eagle Peak AVA,
McDowell Valley AVA,
Mendocino AVA (Anderson Valley, Cole Ranch, McDowell Valley, Potter Valley, Redwood Valley, YorkVille Highlands),
Mendocino County (part of the large North Coast AVA that spreads northward from San Francisco Bay),
Mendocino Ridge,
North Coast,
Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak,
Potter Valley,
Redwood Valley,
Talmage Region,
Ukiah Valley,
Yorkville Highlands
20
Q
Where is Anderson Valley AVA? Which is top grape?
A
Mendocino County, North Coast California
Top Pinot Noir, also good Riesling and Gew
21
Q
Which Winkler region is classifed for Anderson Valley?
A
Region I, it’s only a few miles from the cold Pacific Ocean
22
Who owner the entire vineyrad of Cole Ranch AVA?
Sterling Family, owner of Esterlina Winery at Philo.
22
Which is the US’s smallest AVA?Where is it located?
Cole Ranch, between Russian River and Anderson Valley in Mendocino County- North Coast California
| 24ha
23
Where is Covelo AVA located? What’s the climate?
Mendocino County, North Coast California
Continental climate (the high peaks surrounding the reigon block the coastal influence), growing season is shorter than other Mendocino areas.
24
Where is Dos Rios AVA located? What is different from other AVAs?
In Mendocino County, North Coast California;
Soils are very rocky, slopes are steep, climate is unique combination of maritine and continental
25
Where is Eagle Peak located? What’s the top grape variety?
Just west of Redwood Valley, In Mendocino county, North Coast California;
Pinot Noir is king.
26
Which is the only winery in Dos Rios?Which wines are produced?
Vin de Tevis, Cab F, Cab S, Merlot and Zinfandel.
27
Which is the sole winery in Eagle Peak AVA?
Masút
28
Where is McDowell Valley? Key grape varieties?
In Mendocino County, North Coast California;
Rhone Red varieties: Grenache, Syrah, Zinfandel(century-old), white like Marsanne and Viognier.
29
What’s elevation of McDowell Valley?
High sloping, 1000ft/304m.
30
Which 6 AVAs are nested in Mendocino AVA?
Anderson Valley, Cole Ranch, McDowell Valley, Potter Valley, Redwood Valley, Yorkville Highlands
31
Which AVA is world leader in certified organically-grown grapes? How many % of them growing certified organic grapes?
Mendocino County AVA, 25%=1/4 vineyards are certified organic
32
What’s the microclimate for Mendocino Ridge AVA? Which grape variety is famous here?
Above fog line, so more sunshine and warmer. Distinctive Zinfandel.
33
Where is Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak AVA?
Shared between Mendocino county and Sonoma County, North Coast of California.
34
What’s the terroir of Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak AVA?
High-elevation vineyards rises 914m/3000feet above the Alexander Valley Floor.
34
Where is Potter Valley located?
East of Redwood Valley, in Mondocino County, North Coast, California.
35
Where is Redwood Valley AVA?
Mendocino County, North Coast of California
36
What’s the climate in Redwood Valley? What’s the major factor on the climate?Key grape varieties?
It’s a upland valley, cooler than surrounding appellations due to a gap in the coastal ridge which allows cool Pacific air.
Cab S, Zin, Barbera, Petite Sirah.
37
Where is Ukiah Valley AVA located?
In Mendocino County. North Coast California
37
Where is Talmage Region AVA?
On the eastern edge of the Ukiah Valley, in Mendocino County, North Coast, California.
38
Which river flows through Ukiah Valley?
Russian River, creates a growing region remind of the Medoc.
39
Where is Yorkville Highlands located?
Mendocino County, North Coast of California
40
Why is Yorkville Highlands AVA distinctive? Which are the key grape varieties?
Rocky soils with high-gravel content, different from neighboring appellations (loamy and clay),
Sauvignon Blanc, Bordeaux red such as Cab S and Merlot.
41
Which county in the US produce the most Pinot Noir?
Sonoma County.
42
How many AVAs in Sonoma County? Which are they?
19AVAs:
Alexander Valley AVA,
Bennett Valley AVA,
Chalk Hill AVA,
Dry Creek Valley AVA,
Fort Ross- Seaview AVA,
Fountaingrove District AVA,
Green Valley AVA,
Knights Valley AVA,
Los Carneros AVA,
Moon Mountain AVA,
Northern Sonoma AVA,
Petaluma Gap AVA,
Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak AVA,
Rockpile AVA,
Russian River Valley AVA,
Sonoma Coast AVA,
Sonoma Mountain AVA,
Sonoma Valley AVA,
West Sonoma AVA,
43
Which is the kep grape variety of Alexander Valley?
Cabernet Sauvignon
44
Name the 5 districts in Alexander Valley from south to north?
Maacama, Healdsberg, Jimtown, Geyserville, Cloverdale
45
Where is Alexander Valley located?
In the Northeast corner of Sonoma County, North Coast California
46
What’s the climate in Alexander Valley?
Warm summer days with cooler nights (ocean marine cooler air come throught the Russian River path, following foggy mornings), perfect for Cabernet Sauvignon.
47
Where is Bennett Valley?
Sonoma County, North Coast
48
What’s the key grape variety of Bennett Valley? What’s the soil type?Climate?
Merlot, volcanic cobbles and clay;
Moderately cool climate (morning fogs and marine breezes)
49
What’s the major factors on the climate of Carneros? Key grape varieties?
San Pablo Bay, and Napa River cools the region;
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.
50
What’s the soil of Carneros?
Predominant soil is Haire-Coombs (clay mixed gravel), has a cooling effect on the vines and tends to delay bud break.
51
Which are the sub-AVAs of Russian River Valley?
Chalk Hill AVA, Green Valley AVA
52
Where is Chalk Hill AVA located?
Within Russian River, Sonoma County
53
What’s the soil of Chalk Hill? Key grape varieties? Climate?
White, quartzite-rich volcanic tuff: chalky ash; Chardonnay and Cab S.
Warmer.
54
Where is Dry Creek Valley?What’s the key grape?What’s the soil? Climate?
North of Sonoma, North Coast;
Zinfandel
Rocky soil
Winkler region II.
55
Which is the 100% sustainable wine region?
Dry Creek Valley.
56
Which is the AVA most close to the Pacific Ocean?
Fort Ross-Seaview, Sonoma
57
What’s the key grape variety of Fort Ross-Seaview? Where are the vineyard located?
Pinot Noir; on the ridges above 1200feet/365m
58
Where is Fountaingrove District AVA? Key grape varieties?
Sonoma County, North Coast;
Cab S, Merlot, Syrah
59
What’s the remarkable feature of Fountaingrove District?
High elevation up to more than 2000ft/609m, and marine influence caused by a gap in the mountains in Santa Rosa.
60
Where is Green Valley AVA?
Sonoma County, southwestern part of the Russian River Valley.
61
What’s the trademark标志of Green Valley? Key soil? Key grapes?
Fog (fog originates at the Petaluma Wine Gap, because its proximity to this gap)
Goldbridge soil; Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
62
What’s Goldbridge soil?
A rare fine-grained sandy loam沙壤土, light and fluffy蓬松 with excellent drainage.
63
One of the smallest AVA of Sonoma County?
Green Valley AVA; Rockpile
64
What’s the cliamte of Green Valley?
Cooler morning for a longer period of time than the northern parts of Russian River, Green Valley is the first place where the fog comes in and the last place where it burns off, making it the coolest, foggiest part of the Russian River Valley.
65
Where is Knights Valley located? Key grape variety?
Sonoma County, North Coast;
Cabernet Sauvignon
66
Where is Moon Mountain AVA located?
Sonoma County
67
Where is the Monte Rosso vineyard located? What’s the vineyard famous for?
Moon Mountain AVA (Louis Martini bought in 1938 and renamed it, means red earth);
Complex, high-acidity, age-worthy old-vine Zinfandel and Cabernet S.
68
What’s the soil, topography fo Moon Mountain?vineyard facing?
Rocky volcanic soil(iron-rich);
high elevation 121-670m/400-2200ft, on slopes and ridge tops of the Mayacamas Mountains;
South-east.
69
Which AVA is famous but established as AVA in recent year?
Moon Mountain in 2013.
70
Which is the largest and second largest AVA of Sonoma County?
Sonoma Coast, 2nd Northern Sonoma
71
What’s the key grape variety of Northern Sonoma?
Cab S
72
Which AVAs are included in Northern Sonoma?
Chalk Hill, Knights Valley, Alexander Valley, Dry Creek Valley, Russian River Valley, most of Green Valley, Rockpile, Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak.
73
Who made the petition for Northern Sonoma AVA?
Gallo
74
Where is Petaluma Gap AVA located?What’s the climate?What’s the major factor of its cliamte?
Sonoma County;
Mild mediterranean climate;
Wine tunnel 风洞效应 the cool breeze pick up speed in late afternoon and bring fogs every night, brings lower yields and grapes reach physiological ripeness
75
What’s the key grape varieties of Petaluma Gap?
Pinot Noir 75%
76
What’s the key grape variety of Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak?
71% Cab S.
77
What’s the terroir of Rockpile?(elevation, soil, climate)
High elevation 800-2100feet/240-640m, cooler than Dry Creek Valley,
Red brown loam and clay(oxidized iron)
78
Which AVA must be at elevation above 800feet?
Rockpile in Sonoma
79
What’s the key grape variety of Rockpile?
Zinfandel
80
What’s the wine style of Rockpile?
Small berries, intensely flavored red grapes with great concentration and balance
81
What’s the climate of Russian River Valley?What’s the soil?Key grapes?
Cooling fog, only a few miles to the Pacific Ocean
Goldbridge soil;
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
82
What’s the climate of Sonoma Coast?
Cool climate and high rainfall, close to the Pacific, but vineyards are above fog line to get ripen.
83
What’s the evelation of Sonoma Mountain AVA? Key grape variety?
2400ft/731m;
Cab S, Chardonnay
84
Which is the first AVA established in Sonoma?
Sonoma Valley in 1981
85
What’s the key grape of Sonoma Valley?
Cabernet Sauvignon
86
Which is the newest AVA in Sonoma County?when was it classified?
West Sonoma Coast in 2022
87
?How many % of California total wine grape harvest in Napa Valley?
Only 4%
87
Which are the 3 sub-regions of West Sonoma Coast?
Annapolis, Fort Ross-Seaview, Freestone-Occidental
88
What’s the wine style of West Sonoma Coast? Key grape varieties?
Bright acidity, moderate alcohol, pure flavors.
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir
89
How many vineyard size in Napa Valley compare to Bordeaux ?
Less than 15% the size of Bordeaux, only 1/6 one-sixth the planted acreage of Bordeaux 波尔多种植面积的1/6
90
How many % of Napa County is planted to grapes?
Only 9%
91
When was Napa Valley AVA established?
1981 (one of the first AVAs)
92
How many sub-AVAs in Napa Valley? Which are they?
16 AVAs:
Atlas Peak, Calistoga, Chiles Valley, Coombsville, Diamond Mountain District, Howell Mountain, Los Carneros, Mt. Veeder, Oak Knoll District of Napa Valley, Oakville, Rutherford, St. Helena, Spring Mountain District, Stags Leap District, Yountville, Wild Horse Valley.
93
How many wineries are family owned in Napa Valley?
95%
94
Which is America’s first AVA? Which is the second?
Augusta AVA in Eastern Missouri in 1980; Napa Valley
95
How many % of wine producing areas have Mediterranean climate?
2%
96
What’s special for Altas Peak?
Know for high elevation: 760-2600ft(232-792m);
Volcanic red soil
Cool climate, mountian influenced with temprature cooler than valley floor
97
Where is Atlas Peak located? Which are the key grape varieties?
Western slope of Vaca Range (that seperates Napa Valley and the Sacramento Valley);
Cab S, Chardonnay
98
Which is the hottest appellation in Napa Valley?
Calistoga AVA
98
Which is the most northerly appellation of Napa Valley?
Calistoga AVA
99
What’s special in terms of Climate in Calistoga?
High diurnal variation 昼夜温差
100
What’s the soil in Calistoga? What’s famous in this area? Key grape varieties?
Volcanic soil, famous for its mineral-rich hot springs温泉, Cab S, Zin, Syrah, Petite Sirah
101
which AVAs have cooler climate in Napa Valley?
Atlas Peak, Chiles Valley, Coombsville, Oak Knoll District, Spring Mountain District (east facing, high elevation); Stags Leap District
102
Which are the coolest AVAs in Napa Valley?
Los Carneros, Mount Veeder, Wild Horse Valley
103
What’s the key grape varieties in Wild Horse Valley?
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
104
Where is Mount Veeder AVA located?
Eastern slopes of the Mayacamas Range, south of Napa Valley, close to San Pablo Bay
105
Which AVA is isolated and have some pre-phylloxera Zinfandel grapevines in Napa Valley?
Chiles Valley
106
Which AVA is on the eastern side of the Vaca mountain?
Chiles Valley AVA
107
Why does Coombsville have cooler climate?
Proximity to the San Pablo Bay (fog and sea breezes).
108
What’s the vineyards’ facing in Coombsville? Which are the key grape varieties?
West facing; Pinot Noir, Chardonnay
108
What’s name origin of Diamond Mountain District?
It was inspired by the reflective shards of volcanic glass material found throughout the soil 反光火山玻璃材料碎片
109
Where is Diamond Mountain District AVA?
Northwestern corner of Napa Valley, east side of Mayacamas Mountians
110
Which AVAs have higher elevation in Napa Valley?
Diamond Mountain District 400-2200ft/122-671m, most above fog line
Atlas Peak,
Howell Mountain 1400ft/427m-2600ft/792m, above fog line;
Mount Veeder, 500-2600ft(152-792m), most vineyards are above 1400ft/426m;
Spring Mountain District 600 to 2,600 feet (183 to 792 m);
Wild Horse Valley (850-2130ft/259-649m) above fog line.
110
What’s vineyard facing in Diamond Mountain District? Which are the key grape varieties?
What’s the wine style?
East-facing, Cabernet S and Cab F; blue fruit characters
110
Where is Schramsberg locatad?
Diamond Mountain District
111
Which wine was used for President Nixon’s 1972 “Toast to Peace” with China’s Premier Zhou Enlai?
Schramsberg Blanc de Blancs sparkling
111
Which is the first nested Mountain AVA in Napa Valley?
Howell Mountain in 1983
111
Name difference of Carneros in Sonoma and Napa?
In Napa it’s “Los Carneros” and “Carneros in Sonoma”
112
Which AVAs have warmer climate in Napa Valley?
Howell Mountain, Rutherford
112
What’s the soil in Howell Mountain?Key grape varieties?
Volcanic red iron-rich soil,
Cabernet, Merlot, Zinfandel
113
What does Los Carneros (Spanish) mean?
The Rams公羊
114
Which AVA is called “Napa’s Burgundy and Napa’s Champagne?
Los Carneros
115
Which are the key grape varieties in Los Carneros? Why it’s gaining attention for its Merlot?
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay; clay soils
116
What’s the climate in Carneros compare to Napa and Sonoma?
Cooler than Napa Valley but warmer than Sonoma Coast
117
Which is the first AVA in Napa Valley purely defined by climate characteristics?
Los Carneros
118
Which AVA of Napa Valley is distinct for its mintiness flavour?
Mount Veeder AVA
119
What’s the special factors in Mount Veeder AVA?
Extreme cragginess of the terrain地形崎岖
Cool climate
Small production, small berries
119
Where is Oak Knoll District located? Key grape varieties?
North of Los Carneros, between Mount Veeder and Coombsville, close to the San Pablo Bay
Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling
120
What are the soils in Oakville?
Soils vary considerably:
East- rust red iron-rich volcanic gravel,
Center is darker loam,
West- the famous gravelly fans(mixed of sedimentary and volcanic rocks) that include Martha’s vineyard, To Kalon where Harlan Estate located
120
Which AVAs are the Cabernet-centric valley floor appelations in Napa Valley?
St. Helena, Rutherford, Oakville
120
What does “To Kalon” mean?
It means “The highest beauty” in Greek.
121
Which famous historical winery is located in Rutherford?
Beaulieu Vineyards
121
Where is the UC Davis’s reserch vineyard and laboratory facility loacted? What’s the name ?
Oakville, Oakville Station
122
Which AVA enjoy the most sun of any of the valley floor appellations in Napa Valley?
Rutherford
??What’s the key grape varieties in Rutherford?
Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc
123
Who is André Viktorovich Tchelistcheff?
*America’s most influential winemaker post-Prohibition禁酒令后
*He was the creator of the original “Georges de Latour Private Reserve”,
*Advised Warren Winiarski in launching Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars famously made the 1973 SLV *Cabernet Sauvignon that was awarded the most points in the “Judgement of Paris” in 1976,
*He also assisted Ste. Michelle in Lauching the Anthology program at Conn Creek Winery,
*He is the mentor of many great winemakers such as Robert Mondavi, Louis Martini, Michael Silacci, Mike Grgich...
124
What’s the climate in St. Helena AVA? Wine style? Soils?
Hot, hotter than Calistoga;
Higher alcohol Cab S due to the warm climate.
Gravelly loam in the west, volcanic in the east.
125
What’s the name origin of Spring Mountain District?
The AVA earned its name due to the prevalence of natural springs all over the mountian
125
Where is Spring Mountain District located? Vineyard facing?Key grape varieties? Wine style?
West of St. Helena in Napa Valley, on the eastern slopes of Mayacamas Range
Eastern facing;
Cabernet S, Merlot, Cab F, Zinfandel;
Cabernets are quite tannic, elegant, and ageworthy.
126
Which is the smallest AVA in Napa Valley?
Stags Leap District
127
Which AVA’s wine in Napa Valley is called “iron fist in a velvet glove”天鹅绒手套中的铁拳?
Stags Leap District
127
What’s the soil in Stags Leap District? Key grape varieties?
Volcanic gravel loams and rocky hillsides, Cab S dominant, Merlot and Sauvignon Balnc
??There are two “Green Valley”s, where are they located?
Green Valley of Russian River Valley in Sonoma County,
Solano County Green Valley.
128
Why does Stags Leap District have cooler climate?
Low in the valley so has regular access to breezes and fog from the San Pablo Bay,
Wind tunnel extends the growing season
129
Which are the two AVAs in Solano County?
Solano County Green Valley, Suisun Valley
130
Where is Suisun Valley AVA?
In Solano County in North Coast of California
131
Which AVA has low elevation without mountain influence in Napa Valley?
Yountville
131
Which AVA are the finest hotels and restaurants such as French Laundry located in Napa Valley?
Yountville AVA
131
How many wine counties in Central Coast?
8 Counties:
Alameda County,
Contra Coasta County,
Monterey County,
San Benito County,
San Luis Obispo,
Santa Barbara County,
Santa Clara County,
Santa Cruz County
132
What’s the soil in Yountville? Wine style?
Gravelly alluvial soil with rock; elegant, refined and suple.
133
Which AVA is share between Alameda County and Contra Costa County?
Livermore Valley
134
San Francisco Bay AVA includes all or portions of which counties?
Alameda, Contra Costa, San Benito, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Francisco, Solano counties
135
where is Livermore Valley located?
30miles east of San Francisco
Shared between Alameda and Contra Costa Counties
136
When was Livermore Valley granted AVA? What’s the special terroir of Livermore Valley?
1982, unique gravel-based soils and marine winds that are drawn into the valley every afternoon from San Francisco Bay.It has an east-west orientation东西走向, unique among northern California winergrowing regions(which are north-east orientation), and surrounded by coastal range mountains and foothills.
137
What’s the micro-climate in Livermore Valley?
The east-west orientation of the valley allows the coastal fog and marine breezes to come in from the Pacific Ocean and the San Francisco Bay and cool the valley's warm air, resulting in warm days and cool nights ideal conditions for producing fully-ripened, balanced fruit.
138
Which region won America’s first international gold medal for wine?
Livermore Valley, captured America's first international gold medal for wine in 1889 at the Paris Exposition, putting California on the world wine map.
139
Which region were the first to bottle varietal labeled Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and Petite Sirah?
Livermore Valley
140
How many percent of California's Chardonnay vines trace their genetic roots to a Livermore Valley clone?
80%
141
Where is Lamorinda AVA located?
In Contra Costa County, central coast California
142
Where is Arroyo Seco located?
In Monterey County, Central Coast California
142
Where is Monterey County?
Central Coast California
143
How many AVAs in Monterey County? Which are they?
10 AVAs:
Arroyo Seco,
Carmel Valley,
Chalone,
Gabilan Mountains,
Hames Valley,
Monterey,
San Antonio Valley,
San Bernabe,
San Lucas,
Santa Lucia Highlands
144
What does Arroyo Seco mean?
Dry riverbed干河床
145
What’s the soil type of Arroyo Seco?when was it approved as AVA? What’ the climate?Elevation？
Gravelly Sandy loam, 1983, Moderate, partially sheltered避风 from breezes
266 ft.(81m)/1,670 ft.(509m)
146
Which grapes are produced in Arroyo Seco?
Chardonnay
Riesling
Zinfandel
Bordeaux varietals
Rhone varietals
147
Where is Carmel Valley?
In Monterey County, Central Coast California
148
What’s the major effect on climate in Carmel Valley?
Vineyards are located primarily within Carmel Valley and Cachagua Valley, Cachagua Valley’s mountains terrain elevates grapes above the fog line, exposuring them to a warm climate.
Elevation: 203 ft.(61m) / 2,762 ft.(841m)
149
Which AVA is shared between Monterey and San Benito counties?
Chalone
And Gavilan Mountains
149
When was Carmel Valley AVA established?What’s the climate?Soil?
1983, Extensive coastal influence; hillside has moderate temperature swings.
Fine sandy loam
150
Why does Chalone have a warm temperature?
High elevation: 1,201 ft. (366m)/ 2,323 ft.(708m)**
Chalone’s elevation exposes grapes to a dramatic shift from high daytime temperature to the cold nighttime air.
150
Where can be found the oldest vines in Monterey County?
Chalone
151
When was Chalone AVA established?
1982(1year earlier than others in Monterey?)
152
What’s the uniqueness in the soil of Chalone?
Contains Limestone and granite found nowhere else in the world.
153
which grape varieties are produced in Chalone?
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Pinot Blanc
Chenin Blanc
Syrah
154
Where is Gabilan Mountain AVA located?
Shared between Monterey and San Benito Counties, Central Coast California
155
Which is the newest AVA in Monterey County? When was it established?
Gabilan Mountain, in 2022
156
Which AVA are shared between Monterey and San Benito County?
Gabilan Mountain
157
What’s the climate in Gabilan Mountain?
Warm, high elevation reduces coastal influence.
158
What’s the elevation of Gabilan Mountain?
1,500 ft.(457m)/2,370 ft.(722m) the highest in Monterey?
159
What’ the difference of soil between Gabilan Mountain and other AVAs in Monterey?
Has high content of limestone
159
Where is Hames Valley located?
At the foot of the Santa Lucia Mountains, in Monterey County, Central Coast California
160
Which is the southermost AVA in Monterey County?
Hames Valley
161
What's the grape variety in this Hames Valley AVA? What’s the style of wine?
Rhone Varieties, intense and bold
162
What’s the climate in Hames Valley?why?
Very warm, minor coastal influence.
Its proximity to the Pacific Ocean protects vines from winds blowing in from the Salinas Valley corridor, which generates a warmer climate than northern regions.
162
What’s the soil in Hames Valley?
Shale页岩
163
Which is the most important grape variety throughout the Monterey AVA?and other grapes?
Chardonnay, over 50%
Northern section has cooler weather influenced by ocean breezes and fog, produce cool-climate grapes like Riesling, Pinot Noir;
In the South, daytime can reach 37degrees, very warm weather produce Bordeaux and Rhone varieties(Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah and Petite Syrah) and some Zinfandel.
164
When was Monterey AVA established? Climate?
1984, cool to hot (north to south)
165
Where is San Antonio Valley located? When was the AVA established?
Encircled by the Santa Lucia Range at the southermost region of Monterey County, Central Coast California.
166
Which AVA’s climate in Monterey County reminds Napa Valley?
San Bernabe, Moderate
166
Which is the hottest region in Monterey?
San Antonio Valley, hot climate.
167
Where is San Bernabe located?
In Monterey County, Central Coast California
167
Which grapes are produced in San Antonio Valley?
full-bodied Rhone, Bordeaux, Spanish, Portuguese varietals, including:
Cabernet Sauvignon
Petite Sirah
Syrah
Marsanne
Tempranillo
Grenache
168
which is the most centrally located AVA in Monterey County?
San Bernabe
169
Which grapes are planted in San Bernabe?
Over 20 varietals:
Merlot
Syrah
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Riesling
170
Where is San Lucas AVA located?
In Monterey County, Central Coast California
171
What’s the climate in San Lucas? Grapes?
Moderate to warm;
Cab S, Merlot, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc.
172
Where is Santa Lucia Highlands located?
In Monterey County, Central Coast California
173
Which AVA in Monterey County has a climate comparable to Burgundy?
Santa Lucia Highlands
elevated position (98 ft. / 2,349 ft.=715m)exposes vines to morning sunshine and afternoon maritime breezes. Ultimately, this climate results in a long growing season.
174
Which is the coolest AVA in Monterey County? Produce which grape varieties?
Santa Lucia Highlands (cool climate)
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Syrah
175
How Many AVAs in San Benito County?Which are they?
6 AVAs:
Cienega Valley,
Lime Kiln Valley,
Mt. Harlan,
Pacheco Pass (also in Santa Clara Co.),
Paicines,
San Benito.
176
Which AVA is shared between Santa Clara and San Benito Counties?
Pacheco Pass
177
Where is San Benito County located?
It’s an inland portion of Central Coast, between the Gabilan mountain ranges(to the west) and the southern end of the Diablo Mountains (to the east).
178
What’s the climate and grape varieties in San Benito?
Mediterranean climate, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and syrah.
179
Where is Cienega Valley located?
In San Benito County, Central Coast of California. Just south of the town of Hollister, Mount Harlan to the southwest在西南侧.Its position along the San Andreas fault圣安德烈亚斯断层 gives it a unique terroir.
180
Which grape varieties are planted in Cienega Valley AVA?
Zinfandel, Cabernet Sauvignon, and old-vine Negrette.
181
What’s the soil profile in Cienega Valley?
The San Andreas fault splits the soil profile of the Valley into 2 different area:
On the western side, the soils are made up of granite and limestone, while on the eastern side they are granite and sandstone.
182
Which is the nested AVA within Cienega AVA San Benito County?
Lime Kiln Valley AVA (in the south of San Benito County)
182
What’s the climate in Cienega Valley?
Moderate, it’s protected by surrounding mountain ranges from both the cool Salinas Valley in the west and the hot Central Valley in the east. Warmth during the day is moderated by cooling breezes from Monterey Bay.
183
Which is the smallest AVA in San Benito County?
Lime Kiln Valley, also one of the smallest AVAs in Califronia.
100acres=40ha
183
Who firstly planted vines in Cienega Valley(San Benito County)?
A French settler named Theophile Vache, who first planted grapes here in the early 1850s.
184
Which winery was dominant in San Benito in 1950-1970s? The vineyards were sold to which company in 1980s?
From the 1950s onwards, many San Benito vineyards were bought by the giant Almaden winery(no longer in operation?), but that changed when the company was sold to Constellation Brands星座品牌in the 1980s.
185
Lime Kiln Valley’s name origin?
The valley takes its name from its once-thriving limestone mining and kilning industry of the 1890s该山谷因其 1890 年代一度繁荣的石灰石开采和窑炉工业而得名。
186
Which is the only winery in Lime Kiln Valley? Which wines are produced?
Enz Vineyard, red wines are made from a small plot of 90-year-old Mourvedre**to try, and recently planted Zinfandal and Syrah.
187
Which training system are used in Lime Kiln Valley?
Bush vine and Trellising system
187
What’s the climate and soil in Lime Kiln Valley?C
Warm sunny day and cool nights (breezes from the cold Monterey Bay through the Pajaro River Gap); granite and limestone soils.
188
Where is Mount Harlan AVA located?
It’s an AVA in San Benito County (central coast), located high in the Gabilan Mountains, 22miles(35km) from the coast.
189
Which winery is Mount Harlan vineyards belong to? Which grapes are produced?
*Josh Jensen's Calera Wine Company. Calera (the Spanish word for 'lime kiln'石灰窑) serves as a reminder of the now-disused废弃的limestone quarries采石场here(The AVA almost immediately east of Mount Harlan is Lime Kiln Valley AVA);
*Limestone soil and climate similar to Burgundy,
*So Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Aligote are planted.
189
What kind of the terroir in Mount Harlan AVA?Wine style?
*Altitude of 2000ft/600m, it’s one of the highest,
*coolest and driest AVAs in California.
*The climate is close to southern Burgundy with little rain, cool winds, consistent sunshine and a long growing season.
*A degree of water stress causing the vines to dig deep giving low yields of small berries, wines are concentrate and aromatic.
190
Is there any link between Harlan Estate and Mount Harlan?
No. Harlan Estate is named after its founder Bill Harlan, they are unconnected.
191
Where is Paicines AVA located?
Paicines is the southernmost AVA in San Benito County, Central Coast
192
Which AVA has the warmest climate in San Benito County?
Paicines AVA, because it is the least elevated.
193
What’s the soil in Paicines AVA?
Sandy soil with gravel and limestone.
194
Where is San Benito AVA located?
The San Benito AVA is located among the low rolling hills of northern San Benito County, central coast.
195
San Benito County and Monterey County are seperated by which mountain?
the Gabilan Mountains.
196
Which is the most famous boutique winery in San Benito County?
Josh Jensen's Calera winery (whose most famously Mount Harlan, whose mountainside location blesses the vineyards with panoramic views over the San Benito river valley below其山腰位置使葡萄园能够欣赏到下面San Benito Valley的全景). Typically the fruit from the San Benito vineyards is blended with fruit from San Benito's neighbors, and goes into a Calera wine labeled with the generic Central Coast AVA title.
197
Where is San Luis Obispo County?
Central Coast, California
198
Which is the coolest region in California?
SLO Coast=San Luis Obispo Coast, in central coast
199
The majority of the SLO=San Luis Obispo Coast is classified as which Climate Region?
Which grapes are produced?
1) Region I, one of the coolest winegrowing areas in the world. The Coolest within California.
2) Burgundy varietals: Pinot Noir and Chardonnay;
aromatic white varieties as well: Pinot Gris, Riesling, Gewurzt, ALbarino, Gruner Veltliner.
Rhone: Syrah and Viognier;
Zinfandel, Cabernet S, Merlot.
200
Which is the newest AVA in Central Coast California?
San Luis Obispo Coast recognised as newest AVA in 2022.
201
What does “SLO Coast” indicate?
San Luis Obispo Coast=SLO=Slow Coast: describing the Pacific Ocean’s influence on the area’s culture, lifestyle, terrain and wines.
202
Where is SLO Coast located?
Between two major cities Los Angeles and San Francisco. 97% vineyards are planted 6 or fewer miles from the Pacific.
203
Which is the coolest AVA in California?
San Luis Obispo Coast AVA(very close to the ocean, only 6 or fewer miles to the Pacific)
204
Name one of the most acclaimed wineries in SLO Coast AVA?What’s the speciality of this winery?
Oceano Wines, single vineyard Pinot Noir and Chardonnay from Spanish Springs vineyard.
205
What’s the style of Spanish Spring Vineyards Chardonnay and Pinot Noir?
fresh, focused, mineral-driven wines that capture the essence of the area.
206
Which smaller AVAs can also use San Luis Obispo AVA appellation?
Edna Valley, Arroyo Grande Valley.
207
Which name can replace San Luis Obispo Coast on the label?
SLO Coast
208
Please list the 11 AVAs of Paso Robles?
Adelaida District AVA
Creston District AVA
El Pomar District AVA
Paso Robles Estrella District AVA
Paso Robles Geneseo District AVA
Paso Robles Highlands District AVA
Paso Robles Willow Creek District AVA
San Juan Creek AVA
San Miguel District AVA
Santa Margarita Ranch AVA
Templeton Gap District AVA
209
In which year the 11 districts were pproved as Paso Robles’s Sub-AVAs？Why did they create these sub-AVAs?
In 2014
Paso Robles was previously the largest AVA within California. The hope is that these distinct不同的regions within Paso Robles will reflect the region’s diversity of soil types, rainfall, elevation and temperatures. The Paso Robles AVA has one of the most diverse series of soils of any wine growing region in the USA.
210
What happened in Paso Robles in 2014?
It was devided into 11 sub-AVAs.
211
Can the sub-district AVAs of Paso Robles be solely printed on the wine label?
No, to ensure the brand awareness of the Paso Robles AVA, “Paso Robles” will always be seen in conjunction with the districts on wine labels.
212
Where is Adelaida District AVA located?
Within Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo, Central Coast
213
?Which is the most northwestern and wettest sub-district of Paso Robles?
Adelaida District (the wettest district due to the orographic山岳的influence as storms travel from the Pacific Ocean, east.风暴从东部太平洋传播时产生的影响).
214
Which district has the highest elevation in Paso Robles?
Adelaida District, 2200ft/670m.
214
Which winery created “Paso Blend”? What’s the blended grapes?
1) L’ Aventure冒险(founded by Stephan and Beatrice Asseo in 1998, who owned wineries Bordeaux before),
2) blends Cabernet Sauvignon+Syrah+Petit Verdot, a blend that he was not able to do in Bordeaux due to AOC regulations.
215
Name two notable wines showing the diversity of Paso Robles terroir?
1) Adelaida’s HMR vineyard, 50-year-old Pinot Noir vines enjoy a micro-climate at the bottom of a canyon峡谷that is 10 -15 degrees cooler than other vineyards.
2) Tablas Creek Vineyard Mourvedre
216
What are the main factors affecting the climate in Paso Robles?
is the Templeton Gap, which allows the cooling influences of the ocean to filter into Paso Robles each afternoon in the summer and through fall. Its a natural air conditioner that turns warm days into cool nights.
217
Where is Creston District Located?
Southeastern of Paso Robles (但不是最东南，东南偏中部）, San Luis Obispo, Central Coast;
The district covers a plateau at the base of the La Panza Range, and is bisected一分为二by the Huerhuero Creek溪 as it runs towards the Salinas River.覆盖了La Panza山下的高原，被流向Salinas River的Huerhuero Creek溪一分为二。
218
What’s the elevation of Creston District?
1000-2000 feet (305-610 meters)
219
Why are the most vineyards of Creston District West or Southwest-facing?
To maximize these effects of cool sea breezes from the Ocean through Templeton Gap.
220
What’s the annual rainfall of Creston District?Why?
eston has a relatively low annual average rainfall of 11.5 inches (292mm),
because it falls in the shadows of both the La Panza Range and the Santa Lucia Range.
221
What’s the origin of the name of El Pomar District?
The name is from Spanish word for orchard - the El Pomar region was known for growing fruit and almonds.
222
Where is El Pomar District located?what’s the geography of this district?
Within Paso Robles, in the centre of the San Luis Obispo, Central Coast
Its southern border increases in elevation南部的海拔升高and is characterized by the foothills of the La Panza Range, with the elevation of the whole AVA ranging from 740 to 1600 feet (225-490 meters).
223
What’s the soil of El Pomar District?
Granite and sandstone.
224
?Is Estrella District effected by ocean breeze and fog? What’s the rainfall and elevation?
Yes, air drawn through gaps in the Santa Lucia Range, cool breezes also travel south up the Salinas River from Monterey Bay.
It’s dry with only 12.5 inches/317mm rainfall annually, 745 and 1,819 feet (227-554 meters) above sea level.
224
What’s the climate in El Pomar?
In the shadow of the Santa Lucia Range, which influences its modest rainfall average of 15 inches (380mm) annually. Air circulating through the Templeton Gap and, as a result, it is significantly affected by the Pacific Ocean.Sea breezes cool El Pomar and can bring marine fog as well.
224
Which grapes are produced in El Pomar District?
Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot are dominant, with some Syrah Rhône-style blends along with Grenache and Mourvèdre.
225
Where is Estrella District located?
Located to the northeast of Paso Robles City, lies between the Cholame Hills and the Salinas River. It’s one of the larger sub-districts of Paso Robles, in San Luis Obispo County.
226
Where is Geneseo District located?
Within Paso Robles, in San Luis Obispo County, Central Coast.
227
Which are important grapes planted in Geneseo District?
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Zinfandel.
228
Where is Highlands District located?
Very southeast corner of the Paso Robles AVA, in San Luis Obispo County, Central Coast.
229
Which is the important grape in Highlands District?
Chardonnay, but red are similar to other districts of Paso: Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah.
229
What’s the difference of the climate from other districts of Paso in Highlands District?
Highlands is more continental rather than maritime, slightly warmer. High elevation is from 1160 to 2086 feet (353-636 meters), so receive more rainfall(300mm annually) although it’s in the rain shadow of Santa Lucia Range and the La Panza range.
230
What’s the climate and elevation of Willow Creek District?
Cooler, higher rainfall, relatively high elevation, longer growing season.
Cooler climate in comparison to neighboring AVAs, it has longer growing season 2-3weeks later than Paso Robles average.
The district falls in the Templeton Gap and so is highly influenced by the Pacific Ocean. Marine effects combined with its relatively high altitude of 960 to 1,900 feet (292-580 meters) leads to the region's high average precipitation降水of 24-30 inches(609-762mm) annually.
230
Which are the smaller AVAs in greater Paso Robles?
Willow Creek District
231
Where is San Juan Creek located?and the climate?
Northeast border of the Paso Robles Highlands District 在Highlands District东北方, San Luis Obispo County.
Because it’s shielded by both Santa Lucia and the Temblor ranges, it’s not significantly influenced by the Pacific Ocean. More continental climate than other westerly parts of Paso Robles. Rainfall is modest only 254mm annually resulting drier and warmer climate.
231
What are the grapes and soils in Willow Creek District?
Syrah and Southern Rhône red varietals along with Cabernet Sauvignon and Viognier.
232
Which grapes are planted and soil type of San Juan Creek?
Sandy loam and sandy clay;
wine produced here reflecst the greater Paso Robles region with a significant number of red wine from Cabernet Sauvignon and Southern Rhône varieties, especially Syrah.
233
Where is San Miguel District located?
Northernmost AVA of the greater Paso Robles, in San Luis Obispo County.
234
Which sub-district of Paso Robles has the strongest maritime climate?
Templeton Gap District.
Because of its location westerly and within passes between peaks in the Santa Lucia Range, Templeton is very heavily influenced by the ocean, giving it the strongest maritime climate in the Paso Robles viticultural region.
234
What’s the origin of the name of San Miguel District?
Name from one of the original Spanish Missions in California, the San Miguel Arcàngel founded in 1797. 圣米格尔区得名于 1797 年在加利福尼亚州成立的西班牙传教团之一圣米格尔大天使教堂 (San Miguel Arcàngel)
234
Which are the dominant grapes in Santa Margarita Ranch?
Syrah has played a pivotal role here, with Cabernet Sauvignon, Zinfandel, Merlot and Chardonnay
234
Where is Templeton Gap District AVA?
Within Paso Robles, in San Luis Obispo, Central Coast
234
Terroir of San Miguel District?Grapes?
Less influence from the Pacific Ocean, altitude between 580 and 1,600 feet (176-488m).
Little rainfall 289mm annually.
Cab S, Merlot, Zinfandel, Rhone varieties: Syrah, Grenache, Mourvedre.
235
Which AVA is the southernmost of the Paso Robles sub-regions?
Santa Margarita Ranch.
236
Why it has frost concern in Santa Margarita Ranch?
Santa Margarita is too far south to be affected by the Templeton Gap, but cool ocean breezes and the occasional coastal fog enter through the Cuesta Pass, which creats warmer days and cooler nights than other regions of Paso, longer growing season. But can air make frost concern.
237
Which sub-region has the highest humidity in Paso Robles?
Templeton Gap District
Higher elevations in the west of Templeton allow heavier marine air to roll down the slopes and onto the broad terraces of the rest of the area. This brings fog and strong breezes giving Templeton Gap District the highest humidity in Paso Robles. Rainfall 508mm annually. Templeton西部海拔较高，较重的海洋空气可以从斜坡上滚下，到达该地区其他地区的宽阔梯田。这带来了雾和强风，使坦Templeton Gap成为Paso Robles最高的湿度。
238
What’s the climate in Templeton Gap District? Grapes?
Cool, harvest 10-14days later than others. Still syrah, Rhone varieties, and Zinfandel, viognier, Bordeaux blends.
239
Which is the Southermost AVA of San Luis Obispo County?
Arroyo Grande Valley
239
Where did Deutz purchased vineyard in California? When?
In San Luis Obispo, Arroyo Grande Valley, in early 1990s, called Maison Deutz, cooperated with Beringer. However it was sold in 1997, but sparkling wine is still made in Arroyo Grande Valley.
240
In which counties are Arroyo Grande Valley and Arroyo Seco located?
Arroyo Grande Valley is in San Luis Obispo County, Arroyo Seco AVA in Monterey County
241
What’s the climate, soil, and main grape varieties in Arroyo Grande Valley?
Markedly明显的maritime, Cool with cold ocean winds; Calcareous deposits of limestone.
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, further inland is Syrah and Zinfandel.
241
Where is Edna Valley located?
South-western corner of San Luis Obispo in Central Coast of California.
242
What’s the climate and grapes in Edna Valley?
Cool climate (close to ocean), Chardonnay, Pinot Noir are dominant, also Syrah and Viognier.
243
Where is York Mountain located?
Western edge of Paso Robles in San Luis Obispo County, California.
Only 13km away from Pacific Ocean.
244
Who was the first planted vines in Central Coast of California?When?
Andrew York, a British immigrant in 1870 and his Ascension Winery (York Mountain winery later) became the first on the Central Coast in 1882, which was remained in the York family until 1970.
245
What’s the terroir of York Mountain AVA?
Its close proximity to the Pacific Ocean(only 13km away), and ralatively high altitude (470m) give it a cool maritime climate, York Mountain is much cooler and wetter than the rest of San Luis Obispo County.
Soil: chalky limestone; Grape variety: Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah with elegant style.
Despite its small size, York Mountain is a highly respected wine-growing region
246
Where was the movie Sideways filmed?What is the iconic grape variety in the movie?
In Santa Barbara, Central Coast of California; Pinot Noir.
247
What orientation are the mountains in Santa Barbara?What the unique climate in Santa Barbara?
East-west orientation of the mountains forms valleys opening directly to the Pacific Ocean.
This unique topography allows the flow of fog and ocean breezes make the region one of the coolest viticultural areas in California.
248
Which mountains form the coastal range of Santa Barbara?
Santa Ynez and San Rafael Mountains
249
How many AVAs by 2024 in Santa Barbara County? Which are they?
7 AVAs in Santa Barbara County:
Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara
Santa Ynez Valley
Santa Maria Valley
Sta. Rita Hills
Ballard Canyon
Los Olivos District
Alisos Canyon
250
There are two micro-regions (not AVAs) in Santa Barbara County, which are they?
Los Alamos Valley, Santa Maria Bench
251
Which is the newest and second newest AVA of Santa Barbara County?
Avisos Caynon (2020)
Los Olivos District (2016)
252
Which is the first AVA in Santa Barbara County?
Santa Maria Valley (1981)
253
Which is Santa Barbara’s northernmost AVA?
Santa Maria Valley
253
Where is Santa Barbara County?
Central Coast California
254
Where is Santa Maria Valley AVA?
Shared between Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo Counties, Central Coast California
255
Which are the grape varieties in Santa Maria Valley AVA?
Western section is Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, eastern section is Rhone(Viognier and Syrah, with Grenache and even Roussanne and Marsanne) and Bordeaux varieties.
256
Santa Barbara’s finest Pinot Noir and Chardonnay are sourced from which AVA?
Santa Maria Valley
257
What factors influence Santa Maria Valley’s climate?
The valley is bordered by the San Rafael Mountains to the north and the Solomon Hills to the south, creating a cooling breeze from Pacific Ocean. There is one of the longest growing season in the world, Mediterranean climate.
258
Which AVA is the heart of Santa Barbara County?
Santa Maria Valley
259
Which is the largest AVA in Santa Barbara County?
Santa Ynez Valley
260
Which is the second oldest AVA in Santa Barbara County? When was it established?
Santa Ynez Valley, in 1983.
261
Which 4 AVAs is nested in Santa Ynez Valley?
Ballard Canyon,
Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara,
Sta. Rita Hills,
Los Olivos District.
262
What are the grape varieties in Santa Ynez Valley?
Sta. Rita Hills: is known for top quality Pinot Noir and Chardonnay,
Happy Canyon: some of the best Cabernet Sauvignon in the region,
moderately warmer climates of Los Olivos and Ballard Canyon: a wider range of grapes including Bordeaux and Rhone varietals.
263
Where is Ballard Canyon AVA?
It’s within Santa Ynez Valley, Santa Barbara County, Central Coast
264
What kind of climate in Ballard Canyon?
It’s located between cool-climate Sta. Rita Hills, warm climate Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara, has a Mixed climate.
265
Soils of Ballard Canyon AVA? Key grape varieties?
Limestone; Syrah and Grenache
266
Where is Happy Canyon AVA located?
Santa Ynez Valley, Santa Barbara County, Central Coast
267
Which is the coolest AVA in Santa Barbara County? Which grapes are famous here?
Sta. Rita Hills, Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. Only 19km from the Pacific.
267
What’s the climate in Happy Canyon? Which grape Varieties are planted here?
Warm climate, suitable for Bordeaux varieties like Cab Franc, Cab S, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Sauvignon Blanc, Syrah and other Rhone varieties.
268
When was Santa Rita Hills’s name changed to Sta. Rita Hills?
2006
269
What’s the soil in Sta. Rita Hills?Where is it located?
Limestone, west of Santa Barbara County, only 19km from the Pacific.
270
Where is Sta. Rita Hills AVA?
Within Santa Ynez Valley, Santa Barbara County, Central Coast
271
What’s the major difference between Los Olivos and its neighbors (Ballard Canyon and Happy Canyon)?
Los Olivos has relatively flat geography, sandy and clay soils well suited for tractors and machine operations, Which would be impossible on the steep and rugged崎岖 terrain of the neighbors.
272
What’s the typical grape varieties in Los Olivos?
Typical Bordeaux varieties: Cabernet Sauvingon, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Merlot.
273
Where is Alisos Canyon located?
Direct south of Sta. Maria Valley, in Santa Barbara County, Central Coast.
273
Where is Los Olivos AVA?
Within Santa Ynez Valley, in Santa Barbara County, Central Coast
274
Which style of wine is Alisos Canyon famous for?
Premium stone fruit driven Chardonnay.
275
Which are the main grape varieties in Alisos Canyon?
Chardonnay, Grenache-Syrah blends, and Pinot Noir.
276
What are the main factors affecting the climate of Alisos Canyon?
San Antonio Creek Valley, which runs directly from the mouth of Alisos to the Pacific Ocean 20miles to the west. The cooling marine winds and fog define the climate of Alisos to Winkler Climate Zone 2.
277
Which are the 2 AVAs in Santa Clara County?
San Ysidro District, Santa Clara Valley.
278
Santa Clara Valley is shared with which 4 counties?
Alameda, San Benito, San Mateo, and Santa Clara Counties
279
Where is San Ysidro District located?
At the southern end of the Santa Clara Valley, in Santa Clara County, Central Coast.
280
What’s the climate and main factors of San Ysidro District?
It’s significantly cooler than the rest of the Santa Clara Valley due to the winds that are funneled 流经狭窄空间through the Pajaro River Gap from Monterey Bay to the west.
281
What are the main grape varieties in San Ysidro District?
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Merlot grape.
282
Which AVA is wholly nested within two others: Central Coast and San Francisco Bay?
Santa Clara Valley
283
Which is the largest AVA in California?
Central Coast AVA
284
Which two small AVAs are nested within the Santa Clara Valley AVA?
The single-winery Pacheco Pass AVA, and San Ysidro District AVA
285
Which single-winery AVA is nested in Santa Clara Valley?What’s the only winery’s name?
Pacheco Pass AVA, Zanger Vineyards, established in 1908
285
Pacheco Pass AVA was granted by which winery?when?
By Zanger family, in 1984.
286
Which small AVA is in both San Benito County and Santa Clara County?
Pacheco Pass
287
Why does Santa Clara Valley have a warm climate?
The area is blocked from direct Pacific breezes by the Santa Cruz Mountains
There is little influence of the cold winds and fog from San Francisco Bay and East Bay.
288
Which are the best perfomanced grape varieties in Santa Clara Valley?
Best-suited for robust, red wine varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon is the most widely grown. Zinfandel and Syrah are very present. Petite Sirah is also significant, and can be as good as anywhere else in the state.
289
Which are the 2 AVAs in Santa Cruz County?
Santa Cruz Mountains AVA,
Ben Lomond Mountain AVA
290
Which is the sub-region of Santa Cruz Mountain?
Ben Lomond Mountain
291
What’s the highest elevation in Santa Cruz Mountains AVA?
2700feet=823m
291
Where is Santa Cruz County?
Central Coast, California
291
Which AVA is single state AVA in California?
Santa Cruz Mountains AVA
292
Which 3 counties are included in Santa Cruz Mountains AVA?
San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz
293
Where is Ben Lomond Mountain AVA?
Within Santa Curz Mountain, Central Coast
294
What’s the soils of Santa Cruz Mountains AVA?
Limestone, granite, Volcanics, schist...
Pacific side: limestone and granite
East of the Mountain: mixed Franciscan Complex-volcanics, shale, limestone
295
What’s Franciscan Complex soil?
Is a geologic term for a late Mesozoic terrane of heterogeneous rocks found throughout the California Coast Ranges. Dominated by volcanics, shale页岩, and limestone.
296
What's the climate in Santa Cruz Mountains?
It’s a cool Mediterranean climate, Region I Winkler.
Western side of the Mountains: influenced by the Pacific Ocean, cool and more rainfall 1270mm annually.
Eastern side of the Mountains: Higher elevation creates a rain shadow effect, preventing the cool Pacific air and wet weather, Sunny and warm, only 280mm rainfall annully.
296
Which is Santa Cruz Mountains’ sub-AVA?
Ben Lomond Mountain
297
What’s the main grape varieties in Santa Cruz Mountains?
Western side of the Mountains: Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
Eastern side of the Mountains: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Zinfandel.
298
What’s the soil of Ben Lomond Mountain?
Sandstone and granite
299
What’s the elevation of Ben Lomond Mountain AVA?
396m to 792m
300
Where is Ben Lomond Mountain located?
Western edge of the Santa Cruz Mountains
300
What’s the climate in Ben Lomond Mountain?
High elevation, Cool coastal and sunny, above fog line, strong diurnal swing, low yields.
301
What’s the main grape varieties in Ben Lomond Mountain?
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
302
What’s Ben Lomond Mountain famous for?What’s the wine style?
Pinot Noir, elegant and balanced.
303
What are the main factors affecting Ben Lomond Mountain's climate?
Cold winds from Monterey Bay
304
Name the 6 Wine Counties in Central Valley/Inland Valley?
Fresno Co,
Madera Co,
Scramento Co,
San Joaquin Co,
Stanislaus Co,
Yolo Co.
304
How many AVAs in California so far?
149
305
Central Valley/Inland Valley is devided into 4 parts, which are they?
Lodi and the Delta,
Sacramento Valley (Northern Part),
Madera County,
San Joaquin Valley (Southern Part).
306
What are the key varieties in Lodi AVA？
Cabernet Sauvignon (23%), Zinfandel (16%), Chardonnay (15%), Merlot (10%), Pinot gris (8%), Petite Sirah (6%)
307
What’s the climate in Lodi AVA?
Mediterranean
308
What’s the wineries image of Lodi in general?
Many small, handcraft wineries specializing in heritage grapes such as Zinfandel, Carignan and Cinsaut. They produce a wide range of interesting grapes too, such as Albarino, Zweigelt, Teroldego to Tempranillo, Piquepoul to Pinotage...
Many Lodi’s wineries are owned by 3-6-generation farming families.
308
What’s the key soil in Lodi AVA?
Tokay series (fine sandy loam),
San Joaquin series (shallow sandy clay loam),
Redding series (gravelly clay)
308
Where is Lodi located?
Lodi is located east of San Francisco Bay in California’s Central Valley, between the cities of Sacramento to the north and Stockton to the south.
309
What is the climate in Lodi AVA?
It’s similar to the northern Napa Valley, and Northeast corner of Sonoma.
Major part(78%) of Lodi is Region IV Winkler, North-east corner (22%) is Region V.
310
Which region developed the world’s first formal system of certified sustainability?
Lodi, “LODI RULES” for sustainable winegrowing, evolving from the Lodi Winegrower’s Workbook introduced in 1999.
311
When was Lodi AVA established? When was it divided into 7 nested AVAs?
1986, and 2006 was divided into 7 nested AVAs.
312
What happened in Lodi in 2006?
It was divided into 7 nested AVAs
313
How many sub-AVAs in Lodi? Which are they?
7 AVAs:
Alta Mesa,
Borden Ranch,
Clements Hills,
Cosumnes River,
Jahant,
Mokelumne River,
Sloughhouse.
314
What are the soil types in Lodi?What are the wine styles according to each soil?
Tokay Series — deep sandy loam (found in Mokelumne River AVA); gentle, flowery styles.
Redding红色Series — gravelly or cobbled鹅卵石的clay soils (Clements Hills, Borden Ranch and Sloughhouse AVAs); Cabernet Sauvignon, deeper (color, aromas, flavors), more densely phenolic (tannin, body) styles.
San Joaquin Series — sandy clay loam with shallow hardpan硬底层 (Jahant, Cosumnes River and Alta Mesa AVAs); Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.
315
What’s the soil type in Mokelumne River?
Below sea level. It’s kown for its deep, rich, fine, talcum powder滑石粉-like alluvial soil, which is classified as Tokay sandy loam.
316
Where is Mokelumne River AVA located?
Within Lodi, Central Valley
317
Where is Alta Mesa AVA located? What’s the soil type? Key grape varieties?
In Lodi,
San Joaquin series (shallow, sandy clay loam with some gravelly clay loam)
Cab S, Merlot, Malbec... Zinfandel.
318
Where is Borden Ranch AVA located? What’s the soil type? Key grape varieties?
East of Lodi,
Redding series (volcanic rocky clay loam),
Cab S, Merlot, Malbec, PV, Syrah...
318
Where is Clements Hills AVA located? What’s the soil type? Key grape varieties?
South-central eastern edge Lodi AVA,
Redding series (rocky clay loam),
Cab S, Merlot, PV, Malbec, Zinfandel...
319
Where is Cosumnes River AVA located? What’s the soil type? Key grape varieties?
Northwest corner of Lodi AVA, San Joaquin series (shallow, sandy clay loam), Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Vermentino, Cab S, Merlot, Syrah.
320
Which AVAs in Lodi produce mainly white grapes?
Cosumnes River, Jahant
321
Which AVA in Lodi has cooler climate? Why?
Cosumnes River: proximity to Delta fog and near-sea level elevation make this one of Lodi’s cooler climate appellations.
Jahant: due to the temperature-moderating influence of the Mokelumne River and the close proximity of the Sacramento Delta.
Mokelumne River :Cool breezes in the afternoon from the delta.
322
Which is Lodi’s smallest AVA?
Jahant
323
Where is Jahant AVA located? What’s the soil type? Key grape varieties?
West-central part of Lodi AVA; San Joaquin series (shallow, sandy clay loam);
Chardonnay, Viognier, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, PV...
324
Which AVA is home to most of Lodi’s wineries and produce concentrated Old-Vine Zinfandel? How old are the oldest vines?
Mokelumne River, 120-year-old.
325
Which is the first area to be planed with vines in Lodi?
Mokelumne River
326
Where is Mokelumne River AVA located? What’s the soil type? Key grape varieties?
Southwest corner of Lodi, Tokay sandy loam series, Zinfandel (Carignan, Cinsaut, Grenache, Alicante Bouschet...)
327
What’s the wine style of Sloughhouse AVA?
It produces spicy, intense red wines from Petite Sirah, Cabernet Sauvignon and Zinfandel.
heavy, baked-fruit style of wine, and so the heat-loving Zinfandel and Petite Sirah varieties are the top performers in the AVA.
328
What’s the soil type in Sloughhouse AVA?
Redding series (rocky clay loam)
328
Which AVA has the warmest climate in Lodi?
Sloughhouse AVA
329
Where is Sloughhouse AVA?
In Lodi
330
How many counties are in whole or in part in Sacramento Valley?What are they?
9, Butt, Colusa, Glenn, Placer, Sacramento, Solano, Sutter, Yolo, Yuba.
331
Where is Sacramento Valley located?
Northern portion of California’s Inland Valley/Central Valley.
332
Which AVA is the coolest in Sacramento Valley?
Suisun Valley, region III.
332
What’s the climate in Sacramento Valley?
Mediterranean climate. Most of the valley is Region IV or V. Some areas very close to the bay, such as southern Suisun Valley, are Region III.
333
Why does Squaw Valley-Miramonte has distinct climate from the San Joaquin Valley?
Due to its high elevation. 499-1067m
334
Which AVA is shared by Napa County and Sacramento Valley?
Wild Horse Valley
334
What are the key grape varieties in Squaw Valley-Miramonte？
Petite Sirah and Carmenere
335
What’s the climate in Madera AVA? Soils?
Region V Winkler (hot);alluvial loam soils on flat terrain
336
Which AVA is in both Fresno County and Madera County?
Madera AVA
337
Where is Squaw Valley-Miramonte located?
East of Fresno in Eastern California, lies in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
338
Where is Madera AVA?
In Northern Fresno County, within the San Joaquin Valley.
339
Which AVA can be viewed as a smaller version of the Languedoc in France or Riverina in Australia?
Madera AVA in Central Valley
340
Which AVA produce 10% of the total of wine grapes grown in California state?
Madera AVA
341
What kind of wine does Madera AVA famous for?
Bulk wines produced from Muscat, Chenin Blanc, French Colombard, Chardonnay, Grenache, Syrah, Zin...
342
Where is River Junction AVA located?
In San Joaquin County, south from Stockton.
343
Which the only one producer in River Junction?
McManis Family Vineyards, a large producer with vineyards in 4 subregions of Lodi, and who petitioned River Junction as a fromal AVA.
344
The Origin of the name River Junction?
Because it’s at the meeting point(Junction) of several river systems:
Located at the junction of the Stanislaus and San Joaquin rivers (the former flows into the latter), and just a few miles downstream下游 from the confluence交汇处 of the Tuolumne and the San Joaquin, the AVA is well named.
345
What’s the climate in River Junction? Key grape varieties?
As it’s at the meeting point of several rivers, it’s cooler and more moderate than surrounding areas.
Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon.
345
Which AVA in shared in San Joaquin County and Stanislaus County?
Tracy Hills
346
Where is Tracy Hills AVA located?
South-east of San Francisco through the Livermore Valley. Straddles横跨San Joaquin and Stanislaus Counties.
347
What’s the only one winery in Diablo Grande AVA?
Isom Ranch Winery&Vineyards
348
What’s the best known wines from Tracy Hills AVA?
The range of Italian varietal wines produced by Jacuzzi Family Vineyards who are based in Sonoma.
349
What’s the elevation in Diablo Grande AVA?
300-550m.
349
Where is Diablo Grande AVA located?
In the western foothills of the Diablo Range in west of Stanislaus County, within the larger Central Valley wine region of California.
350
Which AVA lies in 3 counties of Sacramento, Solano, Yolo?
Clarksburg AVA.
351
What’s the soil type, key grape varieties, climate in Clarksburg?
Clay; Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Petite Syrah; Warm mediterranean Region III Winkler.
352
Why there are limited noble grape varieites in Clarksburg?
土壤过于肥沃，排水不良 over-fertile and poor-draining soils.
353
Which is the only one winery within Merritt Island?
Bogle Vineyards.
353
Which is Clarksburg’s best known grape variety?
Chenin Blanc
353
What’s the climate, soil, key grape varieties in Merritt Island AVA?
Warm Mediterranean, Region III Winkler, surrounded by rivers and near Sacramento River Delta, cooled by maritime breezes.
Fertile alluvial sandy loams.
Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Petite Sirah.
353
Where is Dunnigan Hills located?
Just east of Capay Valley and Northwest of Yolo County (also Sacaramento), within California's Central Valley.
353
Which is the World’s largest wine company?
E&J Gallo. E J Gallo emerges as the world's largest wine company, contributing to a remarkable 3% of the global annual wine supply, totaling a staggering 35 billion bottles. Established in the 1930s, the company experienced transformative growth in recent decades, solidifying its dominance in the industry.
353
Which is the newest AVA in Central Valley/Inland Valley?
Tehachapi Mountains, established in 2020.
353
Where is Tehachapi Mountains AVA located?
In Kern County, extreme southern end of the San Joaquin Valley, in Central Valley of California.
354
What’s the local name for Petite Sirah in US?
Durif
355
Where is Merritt Island AVA located?
It’s nested within Clarksburg AVA, Yolo County, Central Valley of California.
356
Which is the newest AVA in Central Valley?
Tehachapi Mountains AVA in Kern County, established in 2020.
356
Where is another Merritt Island besides the AVA in Clarksburg?
In Brevard County, Florida.
357
Which is the southernmost AVA in Central Valley/Inland Valley?
Tehachapi Mountains AVA.
358
Which AVA has the highest elevation in Central Valley?
Tehachapi Mountains AVA
3600-5400ft=1097-1646m
358
Name the 6 counties in Sierra Foothills?
Amador Co,
Calaveras Co,
El Dorado Co,
Nevada Co,
Placer Co,
Yuba Co.
358
Which AVA is shared by Amador County and El Dorado County?
Shenandoah Valley AVA.
358
What are the unique points of Tehachapi Mountains AVA?
1) One the highest elevation in the County: 1,097-1,646 m;
2) Rainfall less than 203mm annually, water sources include springs and streams fed by snowmelt;
3) Moderately steep slopes;
4) It has both the cooling effect and high UV-exposure of a high- altitude growing site.
5) But it also receives a lot of warmth from the San Joaquin Valley and Mojave Desert below.
6) Grapes such as Zinfandel and Cabernet Sauvignon.
7) It’s high Region II, borderline Region III on the Winkler-Amerine index.
359
Which are the sub-regions of Sierra Foothills AVA?
Shenandoah Valley AVA,
Fiddletown AVA,
359
Where are the oldest Zinfandel vineyards located in California?
The Deaver Mission Vineyard in Amador county, Central Valley, in 1854
and the Original Grandpère Vineyard, in Amador County, planted in 1869.
359
What wine is Amador County famous for?
Amador County is renowned for its Heritage Zinfandel wines from the old vines that have been dry-farmed and cultivated for over 150 years.
359
What’s the climate in Amador?
Region III, comparable to St. Helena, coller than Calistoga.
360
What wine is Amador renowned for?
Old Vine Zinfandel, roughly 242ha of Zinfandel vineyards are 65 years or older, inlcluding several dating to 19th Century. Such as Deaver, Esola, Fox, Ferrero, Grandpere, and Lubenko.
360
Where is California Shenandoah Valley located?
Northern and western part of Amador County, also covers part of El Dorado County. In the Sierra Foothills region of California.
360
What’s major training system in Amador?
Head-trained, spur-pruned, own-rooted or on low vigor rootstocks like St. George.
360
Which region has the highest percentage of organic vineyards in California?
Amador
360
Most of the higher elevation vineyards are located in which AVA in Amador?
Fiddletown AVA, 304m-914m.
360
Why do winemakers plant Rhone Varieties in Amador?
There is sandy granite soils, one of the only place to find this type of soil in California.
360
What’s the climate in California Shenandoah Valley?Key grape variety?
Region III, Zinfandel,
360
Which AVA is the least elevated in Amador County?
California Shenandoah Valley.
360
Where is Fiddletown located?
East of Amador County and east of California Shanandoah Valley.
360
Where are California Shenandoah Valley and Shenandoah Valley AVAs located?
California Shenandoah Valley is in Amador County in Sierra Foothills region of California;
Shenandoah Valley is in the Blue Ridge Mountains in both Virginia and West Virginia.
361
What’s the climate in Fiddletown? Key grape varieties?
Region III, Zinfandel.
362
Where do we find the best quality wines in Sierra Foothills?
El Dorado, Amador, Calaveras.
362
What’s major factor impacted the climate of El Dorado? soil, key grape varieties in El Dorado AVA?
Steep vineyards on High elevation between 366 to 1067 m, (enjoy intense sunlight with cooling breezes off the Sierra peaks at nights).
Volcanic rocks and granite.
Zin, Syrah, Barbera(Italian varieties are trend)
363
Where is Fair Play AVA located?
In El Dorado County in Sierra Foothills of California.
364
What’s the major factor of the terroir of Fair Play?
High elevation 610-915m.Topography here is similar to Piedmont's, while the climate is quite similar to that found in the Rhone Valley.
365
What wine is famous in Fair Play?
Petite Sirah.
Rhone’s Syrah and Piemonte’s Barbera are good too.
365
Where is Clos Saron winery located? Which is the most famous wine from this winery?
In North Yuba AVA, Yuba County, Sierra Foothills of California.
Black Pearl made from Syrah, Cab S...blend
366
What’s the soil type in Yuba/North Yuba AVA?
Volcanic and granite rich soil
367
Where is Antelope Valley of the California High Desert AVA located?
Los Angeles and Kern Counties, Southern California
367
Name the 4 wine counties in Southern California?
Los Angeles Co,
San Bernadino Co,
Riverside Co,
San Diego
368
What’s the topography of North Yuba AVA? Key grape varieties?
Steeply sloped, rocky mountain terrain, with 305-701m elevation.
Cab S, Pinot Noi.
369
How many AVAs in Southern California?Which are they?
11 AVAs,
South Coast AVA
Los Angeles County:
Antelope Valley of the California High Desert (also in Kern Co.)
Leona Valley
Malibu Coast (also in Ventura Co.)
Malibu-Newton Canyon
Saddle Rock-Malibu
Sierra Pelona Valley
San Bernadino County:
Cucamonga Valley (also in Riverside Co.)
Riverside County:
Temecula Valley
San Diego:
Ramona Valley
San Pasqual Valley
370
Where is Leona Valley AVA located?
Los Angeles County, Southern California
371
Where is Malibu Coast located?
Los Angeles and Ventura counties, Southern California
372
Which are the 3 coastal AVAs in Los Angeles County?
Three Coastal AVAs in the Santa Monica Mountains: Saddle Rock Malibu, Malibu Coast, and Malibu-Newton Canyon.
373
Which are the 3 AVAs in High-elevation Desert AVAs in Los Angeles County?Which has the driest climate?
Sierra Pelona Valley, Leona Valley, Antelope Valley of the California High Desert.
The driest one: Antelope Valley of the California High Desert.
374
What are the main factors affecting wine style in Los Angeles County?
High altitude
375
Which are the two nountains where the 6 AVAs of Los Angeles County are distributed in ?
Santa Monica Mountains (Southern coastal);
Sierra Pelona Mountains in the north(southern limit of Mojave Desert).
376
Which Mountains is the divider between the maritime cooled basin of Los Angeles and the Majove Desert?
Sierra Pelona Mountains.
377
Where is Malibu-Newton Canyon located?
Los Angeles County, Southern California
377
Which 2 AVAs are encompassed in Malibu Coast AVA?
Malibu-Newton Canyon, Saddle-Rock Malibu.
377
What’s the major soils in Malibu Coast?
Slate, shale, sandstone with rocks.
378
Where is Saddle Rock-Malibu located?
Los Angeles Co, Southern California
379
Where is Sierra Pelona Valley located?
Los Angeles Co, Southern California
380
Where is Cucamonga Valley?
San Bernadino and Riverside Counties, Southern California
381
Where is San Pasqual Valley?
In San Diego County, Southern California
382
Where is Temecula Valley?
Riverside Co, Southern California
383
Where is Ramona Valley?
In San Diego County, Southern California
384
What are the major soils in Sierra Pelona Valley, Leona Valley, and Antelope Valley of the California High Desert?
Sierra Pelona Valley: Sand and gravel on alluvial fans;
Leona Valley: sandy loam;
Antelope Valley of the California High Desert: granitic rock on alluvial fans.
385
What’s the climate in Los Angeles County?
From miditerranean to continental desert climates.
386
Whey is Antelope Valley of the California High Desert drier and hotter than either the Sierra Pelona Valley or the Leona Valley?
Antelope Valley is in the rain shadow effect of Sierra Pelona Moutnains, which cuts off from Pacific influence and is completely Continental.
387
Which are the key grape varieites of Saddle Rock Malibu?
Rich, eathy reds from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Merlot.
387
Where is Saddle Rock Malibu AVA located?
It’s nestled in the Santa Monica Mountains at the western edge of Los Angeles County in Southern California.
388
What’s Geographic Features which influence the climate of Saddle Rock Malibu?
High altitude range 549-610 m, shelter the vineyards from the cool fog from Pacific, so here is warmer than surrounding areas.High daytime sunshine is an important distinguishing factor.
389
Where is Malibu-Newton Canyon AVA located?
It’s nestled in the Santa Monica Mountains in Los Angeles County, Southern California.
390
Which is the single winery in Malibu-Newton Canyon?
Rosenthal Estate, makes big and opulent Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, Chardonnay.
391
What’s the topography of Malibu-Newton Canyon?
It lies entirely within the Newton Canyon, a mountain basin that sits just below Castro Peak位于卡斯特罗峰正下方的盆地, one of the highest elevations in the Santa Monica Mountains. Vineyard altitudes are at 430-850m.
392
Malibu Coast AVA lies in which two counties?
Los Angeles County and Ventura County.
393
What’s the altitude of Sierra Pelona Valley? Which are the key grape varieties?
731-1,036 m, Syrah, Zinfandel, Tempranillo.
393
Which two AVAs are included in Malibu Coast AVA?
Saddle Rock Malibu AVA马鞍岩-马里布, Malibu-Newton Canyon AVA马里布-牛顿峡谷.
394
Where is Sierra Pelona Valley located?
In the High Desert at the heart of Los Angeles County, Southern California.
395
Which River made impact to Sierra Pelona Valley?
Santa Clara River, which is connecting the mountains to the Pacific coast.
396
Where is Leona Valley located?
Lies on the part of San Andreas Fault, North of Los Angeles County, Southern California.
397
What are the key grape varieties in Leona Valley?
Syrah, Chardonnay.
397
What are the key grape varieties in Antelope Valley of the California High Desert AVA?
Tempranillo, Zinfandel, Syrah, Viognier.
398
Where is Antelope Valley of the California High Desert located?
North of Los Anleges, Southern California.
398
Where is Golden Star Vineyards located? Wine style?
In Antelope Valley of the California High Desert AVA, Los Angeles County, Southern California.
Produces high-altitude micro vineyard wines at almost 915m elevation.
399
Which is the AVA shared in San Bernardino County and Riverside County?
Cucamonga Valley
400
Where is Cucamonga Valley located?
In San Bernardino County in southern California.
400
What are the key grape varieties in Cucamonga Valley?
Zinfandel 82%.
401
What’s the climate in Cucamonca Valley?What’s the wine style?
Region IV Winkler. Old-vine Zinfandel and port-style wines in the middle of suburbia. in Bernardino county in South Coast
402
What’s key soil of Temecula Valley?
Granite
402
Which is Southern California’s largest wine-producing region by volume?
Temecula Valley
403
In Southern California, which AVAs rely on altitude rather than ocean as a temperature modifier?
Antelope Valley of the California High Desert, Leona Valley, Temecula Valley
404
Which are the two AVAs in San Diego County?
San Pasqual Valley and Ramona Valley
405
Where is Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley AVA? Key variety? Name orgin?
Central Washington, Riesling.
Named after a series of 35 lakes.
406
Which is the only AVA in Washington planted more to white varieties than red? Why?
Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley.
Higher elevation, northern location.
407
Where is The Burn of Columbia Valley AVA? Top variety? When was it established?What’s the climate?
1) South central Washington (west of Horse Heaven Hills)
2) Cabernet Sauvignon
3) 2021 (recent)
4) It’s warm but acts like a cool one because of the wind, more rainfall than other area of Columbia Valley.
Due to its proximity to the Columbia Gorge, persistent winds whip through the region. This delays development during the growing season and also reduces canopy and berry size. This makes it seem like a cooler appellation than it actually is, with fruit among the last to come in during harvest.
408
Which is the smallest AVA in Washington?
Candy Mountain
408
Where is Candy Mountain AVA? What’s the top variety? Soil? When was it established?
South central Washington, close to Red Mountain; Cabernet Sauvignon, Loess, 2020.
409
Candy Mountain AVA is nestled in which AVA?
Yakima Valley AVA
409
The sub-AVAs of Yakima Valley?
Candy Mountian, Goose Gap, Red Mountain, Rattlesnake Hills, Snipe Mountain
410
Where is Columbia Gorge AVA? Top varieties? Soil?
Southwestern-most in Eastern Washington and north central Oregon.
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir.
Silt
411
Which is the western most AVA of Eastern Washington?
Columbia Gorge.
412
Which is Washington’s largest AVA? How many % of Washington’s acreage vine planting?
Columbia Valley. 99%.
412
What’s the climate of Columbia Valley?
Arid and semi-arid desert climate because of rain shadow effect of Cascade Mountain range.
413
Which are the 3 cross-border AVAs of Washington and Oregon?
Columbia Gorge, Columbia Valley, Walla Walla Valely
413
Where is Goose Gap AVA? When was it established?
South central Washington, just nest to Red Mountain and Candy Mountain.
2021
414
What’s the uniqueness of Goose Gap’s terroir?
Aspect
包含Goose Mountain,它与Red mountain和Candy Mountain相邻，但是因为山脉走向不同导致葡萄园的风土截然不同。Red Mountain和Candy Mountain都是西北-东南走向， 但Goose Mountain是东西走向,而在Goose Mountain的南坡太陡很难种植葡萄，所以大部分葡萄园种在北坡，或东北坡。这与Red 和Candy南向和西南向的葡萄园不同，以致Goose Gap的葡萄收获比其他两个产区晚。
The appellation’s southern aspects are generally considered too steep to plant. Most planted acreage is therefore on north-northeast slopes.This difference in aspect means grapes from Goose Gap are typically harvested later than their counterparts in those nearby appellations.
415
Where is Horse Heaven Hills AVA? Top varieties? What’s the climate?
South-central Washington, is part of Columbia Valley.
Chardonnay, Riesling, Merlot, Cab S.
Warm and windy.
416
Which AVA has a quarter1/4 of Washington’s planted acreage?
Horse Heaven Hills AVA.
416
What are the major causes of soil in Washington State?
Missoula Flood
417
Which vineyard is first planted vinifera in Horse Heaven Hills? When was it planted?
Champoux vineyard, in 1972.
417
Where is Lake Chelan located? What’s the uniqueness of Lake Chelan?
1) North-central of Washington.
2) It’s the only sub-regions of Columbia Valley that does not have basalt bedrock玄武岩基岩, instead it has granitic bedrock.
3) Lake effect on the climate (cooler summer days and warmer nights)
418
Where is Lewis-Clark Valley AVA located? Top varieties?
South-eastern Washinton and north-western Idaho.
Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Merlot.
419
Which is the cross-border AVA between Washington and Idaho?
Lewis-Clark Valley AVA
420
Where is Naches Heights AVA? What’s the top varieties? What are the major factor on its climate? Name origin?
1) In Washington state,
2) Pinot Gris, Riesling, Gew, Syrah;
3) Elevation and close to Cascades make it cooler and wetter compared to nearby appellations.
4) Close to the town of Naches (Naches 高地);
421
What’s the climate of Puget Sound? What are the key varieties?
Temperate, maritime climate温带海洋性气候;
Pinot Noir, Riesling, and Madeleine Angevine(white grape from Loire), Siegerrebe (pink skin grape makes white wine, Germany).
421
Which is the Washington’s only appellation west of the Cascade Mountains?
Puget Sound AVA
422
Which is the coolest and wettest AVA in the whole Washington state?
Puget Sound
423
Where is Rattlesnake Hills AVA? 特点?Key grapes?
South-Central Washington, just north of Snipes Mountain
Higher in elevation than the Yakima Valley.
Merlot, Cab S, Syrah, Riesling
424
Where is Red Mountain? Key varieties?What’s the climate?
South-central Washington; Cab S, Merlot, Syrah (red dominate);
One of Washington’s warmest and driest AVAs.
425
Where is Royal Slope AVA located? When was it established?
South Central Washington, South-facing slope between Ancient Lakes and Wahluke Slope.
2020
425
Where is Rocky Reach AVA? What’s the top variety? Climate and Soil?
Located in the Northern reaches of the Columbia Valley;
*Cabernet Sauvignon
*warmer than surrounding areas, Loess, cobblestones and gravel (markedly different soil from all other Columbia Valley appellations), which are suitable for Cabernet Sauvignon.
426
Where is Snipes Mountain AVA?
South-central Washington, just south to Rattlesnake Hills.
427
Where is Wahluke Slope AVA located? Climate?key varieties?
South-central Washington, one of the warmest AVAs in the state, dominated by red: Cab S, Merlot.
428
Where is Walla Walla Valley?
Southeastern Washington, northeastern Oregon
429
Which AVA of Washington has a unique subsoil “Ringold Formation”?
White Bluffs 白崖AVA
430
Why it’s called White Bluffs?
White Bluffs gets its name from one of the appellation’s distinguishing features – a layer of ancient lakebed sediment is whitish in appearance, is referred to as the Ringold Formation. 白崖的名字来源于该产区的一个显着特征——位于风吹淤泥和米苏拉洪水沉积物之下的一层古老的湖床沉积物。该沉积层外观呈白色，被称为林戈尔德地层。
431
Which is Washington’s oldest federally approved AVA? In Which year?
Yakima Valley AVA, 1983.
432
Which is the largest sub-AVA of Columbia Valley?
Yakima Valley.
433
Which are the sub-AVAs of Columbia Valley?
Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley,
The Burn of Columbia Valley,
Horse Heaven Hills,
Lake Chelan,
Naches Heights,
Rocky Reach,
Royal Slope,
Wahluke Slope,
Walla Walla Valley,
White Bluffs,
Yakima Valley- Candy Mountain, Goose Gap, Red Mountain, Rattlesnake Hills, Snipes Mountain
433
Where is Washington’s oldest Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard located? What’s the vineyard name? When was it planted?
Harrison Hill Vineyard, in Yakima Valley, in 1963.
434
Which AVAs are not included in Columbia Valley?
Columbia Gorge, Lewis-Clark Valley, Puget Sound
435
Which are the newest AVAs in Washington?
Goose Gap 2021, The Burn of Columbia Valley AVA 2021, Rocky Reach AVA (2022), White Bluffs (2021), Beverly 2024
436
How many AVAs in Oregon by 2023? Which are they?
23
Columbia Gorge
Columbia Valley (2 nested AVAs)-> Walla Wallay Valley-> The Rocks District of Milton-Freewater
Snake River Valley
Southern Oregon-> Rogue Valley (1 nested)-> Applegate Valley
->Umpqua Valley (2 nested AVAs)-> Elkton Oregon
-> Red Hill Douglas County
Willamette Valley (11 nested AVAs)
->Chehalem Mountains (2 nested AVA)->Ribbon Ridge
->Laurelwood District
->Dundee Hills
->Eola-Amity Hills
->Lower Long Tom
->McMinnville
->Mount Pisgah, Polk County, Oregon
->Tualatin Hills
->Van Duzer Corridor
->Yamhill-Carlton
437
Which is the sub-AVA of Rogue Valley?
Applegate Valley
438
Where is Applegate Valley?
It’s nested in Rogue Valley, Southern Oregon.
439
Where is The Rocks District of Milton-Freewater?
It’s a sub-AVA of Walla Walla Valley in Oregon.
440
Which are the 2 sub-AVAs of Umpqua Valley?
Elkton Oregon, Red Hill Douglas County
441
Which is the only AVA in the United States whose boundaries were determined by a single land form and a single soil series, what’s the soil?
1) The Rocks District of Milton-Freewater;
2) Pebbles and cobbles of basalt 玄武岩鹅卵石(dark volcanic rock)=rocky soil.
441
Where is The Rocks District of Milton-Freewater?
It’s nested in Walla Walla Valley in Columbia Valley, and it’s located in northeastern Oregon.
442
Applegate Valley is surrounded by which mountains? Elevation?climate?What’s the wine style?
Siskiyou Mountains, up to 610m, hot days and cool nights;
Plush, full-bodied, fruit-forward Bordeaux and Rhone style wines.
443
What’s the climate profile of Columbia Gorge? What’s the wine style?
1) Western end of Columbia Gorge is close to Cascade Mountains, has cooler and marine-influenced climate; Eastward, climate transitions to continental high desert with just 10 inches/254mm of annual rainfall.
2) Elevation range from sea level to 609m;
3) The variance of climate allow to grow a wide range of classical varieties. Wines are riper than wines from Oregon’s cooler western regions and higher acidity more structure than warmer, Eastern AVAs.
444
Where is Snake River Valley located?
Eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho.
444
Where is the first Oregon’s official winery founded ?when?
In Rogue Valley, 1873, Valley View Vineyard founded by Peter Britt.
445
What’s the climate in Snake River Valley? What’s the major factor on the climate? Which are the key grape varieties?
1) High mountain desert environment, hot days and cool nights, the swing is more dramatic than most (16.5-22°C),
2) due the high elevation 760-915m.
3) Syrah, viognier, riesling.
446
Where is Umpqua Valley located?
In Oregon, sits between Coast Range to the west, Cascade mountains to the east, Willamette Valley to the north, Rogue Valley to the south.It’s near everything, and entirely unique.
447
Where is Elkton located? What’s teh climate? Soil?Key grape variety?style?
1) It’s nested in Umpqua Valley, in Oregon.
2) Cool marine-influenced climate. It’s the coolest and wettest region within Umpqua Valley.
3) Clay.
4) Pinot Noir.
5) Lusher and fuller in body, bolder fruit notes than Willamette Valley.
448
Where is Red Hill Douglas County loacted?Soil?climate?Key grape varieties?
1) In Umpqua Valley, in Oregon.
2) iron-rich, red volcanic Jory soils
3) Higher elevation 245-365m, cooler climate.
4) Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris.
449
Name one notable winery based in Laurelwood District AVA? Who is the current owner? Since when?
Ponzi Vineyards, Champagne House Bollinger, since 2021.
449
Which is the single vineyard AVA in Oregon?
Red Hill Douglas County
450
Name one notable winery based in Chehalem Mountains?
Adelsheims vineyards
451
Where is Chehalem Mountains?Climate?Soils?
1) North of Willamette Valley (a nested AVA in Willamette), Oregon.
2) Cool,
3) volcanic marine sedimentary soil and loess(Laurelwood)
452
What’s Willakenzie soil? Which AVA was defined by its Willakenzie soil? When was approved? Where is it located?
Sedimentary soil, Ribbon Ridge AVA approved in 2005, it’s nested in Chehalem Mountains in Willamette Valley of Oregon.
453
Where is Dundee Hills? What’s the soil?Which are the top wines/style?
1) Nested in Willamette Valley, just south to Chehalem Mountians;
2) Jory
3) Award winning: Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, and sparkling wines
454
Which AVA first won the worldwide reputation of Oregon Pinot Noir?
Dundee hills.
455
What’s Laurelwood Soil? Where is it found?
Basalt base with a loess, in Chehalem Mountians, specially Laurelwood District.
456
Where is Lower Long Tom AVA? Which soil is found here?
1) It’s located in the southwest of Willamette Valley in Oregon.
2) Bellpine: caly-loams
457
Where is McMinneville AVA? Climate?Key grape and wine style?
1) Northwest of Willamette Valley, south to Yamhill-Carlton and north to Van Duzer Corridor;
2) Cooler and drier (cooler winds from Van Duzer Corridor)
3) Pinot Noir, strong backbone of tannin with darker fruit and rounded spices, mineral and earth.
458
Which AVA in Oregon is approved by its Siletz rock soil? Top grape varieties?
Mount Pisgah-Polk County;
Exceptional quality Pinot Noir and Chardonnay.
459
Which is the smallest AVA in Oregon?
Ribbon Ridge, only 500 planted acres(202ha)
460
Which soil type is found in Ribbon Ridge? Wine style?
Willakenzie series of sedimentary soil, which is finer and more uniform than sedimentary and volcanic soils of neighboring regions. Moderately deep and well-drained, ideal for growing high quality Pinot Noirs.
Pinot Noir: rose petal, dark cherry, earthiness and spice complexity.
461
Where is Van Duzer Corridor AVA? What’s the major factor on its climate?
Willamette Valley, strong winds.
461
Where is Tualatin Hills AVA located?top grape?
Northwestern edge of Willamette Valley, Oregon.
Pinot Noir.
462
Where is Yamhill-Carlton located?
Northwest of Willamette Valley, west of Dundee Hill and Ribbon Ridge, in Oregon.
463
Which are the newest AVAs in Oregon?
Mount Pisgah-Polk County 2022,
Laurelwood District 2020,
Tualatin Hills 2020
464
Which is the 4th largest producer country and sixth highest acreage of land under vine in the world?
US
464
From 2011 which country is the largest consumer in the world?
US
465
What’s the percentage of the population identifying as wine drinkers by 2016饮酒者的比例?
Only 30%
466
The history of Wine in America?
Early 9th century, Viking (Leif Eriksson) was the first European to set foot on the North American continent (at Canada, L’Anse aux Meadows) ;
Following Columbus’s journey in 1492 and colonize the New World, European colonists attempted to produce wines from the native grapes(Vitis labrusca, Vitis rotundifolia美国圆叶葡萄, and Vitis aestivalis夏葡萄) but were disliked by the grapes’ foxy odors and turned to imported vines. 1492 年哥伦布的旅程以及随后对新大陆的殖民之后，欧洲殖民者试图用本土葡萄酿造葡萄酒，但普遍不喜欢葡萄的狐臭气味，转而转向进口葡萄藤。
A 1619 Virginia law required every male colonist at Jamestown, the first successful English settlement on North American soil, to plant and tend at least 10 vines—the earliest record of vinifera vine plantings on the East Coast. 1619 年弗吉尼亚州的一项法律要求詹姆斯敦（英国在北美土地上第一个成功的定居点）的每一位男性殖民者种植和照料至少 10 棵葡萄树——这是东海岸种植欧洲葡萄树的最早记录。
This experiment failed as the European vines died to new vine diseases and the phylloxera pest. The British colonies lost interest in winemaking and turned to cider, beer, and whiskey as alcoholic beverages in the18th century.该实验以失败告终，因为欧洲葡萄树死于新的葡萄树疾病和根瘤蚜害虫。英属美洲殖民地对酿酒的兴趣逐渐减弱；苹果酒、啤酒和威士忌成为 18 世纪的首选酒精饮料。
Thomas Jefferson杰斐逊 is a big wine lover of Bordeaux wines, who thought that wines are the only antidote to the bane of Whiskey, and tried to plant vinifera at his Virginia Estate. Along with George Washington, more than 30 years of vineyard cultivation was failed.
They have to drink the best from France, Madeira, Sherry...
In the early 1500s, the Mission grape was introduced to Mexico, and was settled in Rio Grande (in present-day Texas and New Mexico) as early as 1629.葡萄于1500年代初期引入墨西哥，早在 1629 年就向北传播到了现今德克萨斯州和新墨西哥州.
Franciscan monks brought the Mission grape to what would become the state of California and established vineyards. Mission葡萄于 1500 年代初期引入墨西哥，早在 1629 年就向北传播到了现今德克萨斯州和新墨西哥州的里奥格兰德定居点。方济各会修道士将 Mission 葡萄带到了后来的加利福尼亚州，并建立了葡萄园。
In 1783, Franciscans at the San Juan Capistrano Mission produced California’s first wine from the grape.1783年圣胡安卡皮斯特拉诺传教区的方济各会修士酿造出了加州第一批用该葡萄酿制的葡萄酒。
In 1823, the Franciscans built the San Francisco de Solano Mission, the last of the missions and the northern terminus of the Spanish Empire in North America—a site now occupied by Sonoma’s town square. 1823 年, 方济各会建立了旧金山德索拉诺传教所，这是最后一个传教所，也是西班牙帝国在北美的北端终点站，现为索诺玛城镇广场。
By 1839, George Yount had arrived in Napa as the first American settler to set foot in the valley and had planted its first vineyard.1839 年，乔治·扬特 (George Yount) 抵达纳帕，成为第一个踏足山谷的美国定居者，并种植了第一个葡萄园。
In 1848, the discovery of gold at Sutter’s Mill brought a wave of prospectors, American soldiers, and pioneers to the San Francisco Bay, and wine production increased correspondingly. 1848年在萨特磨坊发现金矿，给旧金山湾带来了一波探矿者、美国士兵和拓荒者的浪潮，葡萄酒产量也相应增加。
In 1849, the Hungarian-born, self-styled “Count” Agoston Haraszthy arrived in Sonoma, and founded Buena Vista, one of California’s oldest commercial wineries. Agoston was regarded as “the father of California wine” introduced more than 300 varieties to the state, collected as vine cuttings during his European travels.出生于匈牙利、自称为“伯爵”的 Agoston Haraszthy 于 1849 年抵达索诺玛，并在那里创立了布埃纳维斯塔 (Buena Vista)，这是加州最古老的商业酒庄之一。被成为加州葡萄酒之父，他在欧洲旅行期间收集了 300 多个葡萄品种，这些品种是作为葡萄藤枝条收集到的。
In 1861, Charles Krug, after working for Haraszthy, founded Charles Krug winery in St. Helena in Napa Valley (the oldest in the valley);
In 1862, Jacob Schram nuit Schramsberg;
In 1876, Beringer was found (Napa’s oldest continuously operating winery);
In 1880, the legendary Inglenook Winery was founded by the Finnish immigrant Gustav Niebaum.芬兰移民 Gustav Niebaum 于 1880 年创立了传奇的 Inglenook 酒庄.
In the late 19th century, in contrast to the near total destroyed European vineyards due to phylloxera, The rising interest in Californian wine stood and got even more investment to the state. 与19世界末期欧洲根瘤蚜虫害的摧毁，人们对加州葡萄酒的兴趣日益增加并增多投资。
In the early 1870s, phylloxera was discovered in Napa and Sonoma, the vineyards were destroyed in 1880s and 1890s.
Since late 19th century, Vitis vinifera vines have generally been grafted on American rootstocks(Vitis riparia河岸葡萄and its hybrids) throughout the world.
American grapes and hybrids continued to populate the vineyards of the Eastern United States.美国葡萄和杂交品种继续在美国东部的葡萄园中种植.commercial winemaking can be traced to the 1840s, when Robert Prince produced wine from native grapes on Long Island.
American nurseries美国苗圃began crossing vinifera vines with American species, hoping to produce a hardier vine that retained vinifera characteristics for superior wines. The Finger Lakes region was extensively planted with such hybrids from 1850 onward. Along with the native Concord, the American hybrids Catawba and Delaware dominated vineyards.
By the end of the 19th century, the Finger Lakes claimed over 24,000 acres under vine. Viticulture also thrived in Ohio: at the height of his winemaking career in the mid-19th century, Nicholas Longworth annually produced 150,000 bottles of traditional method, hand-riddled sparkling Catawba.
In Missouri, German immigrants were by 1856 producing 100,000 gallons annually, and Stone Hill Winery in Hermann became the third largest winery in the world by the turn of the century世纪之交时成为世界第三大酒庄。
American grapevines and their hybrids were vitally important in Missouri. To this day, the Norton grape remains the pride of the state.
Charles Valentine Riley, a Missouri entomologist昆虫学家, earned his place in the history of wine for being the first to understand the innate与生俱来的resistance of American grape species to phylloxera.
In 1920s, America’s young wine industry faced its greatest crisis: the “noble experiment” of Prohibition禁酒令. Christian temperance movements gained power throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, resulting first in a series of state-level prohibitions.美国年轻的葡萄酒行业面临着最大的危机：禁酒令的“崇高实验”。基督教禁酒运动在整个 19 世纪和 20 世纪初取得了影响力.Prohibition led to a near-total shutdown of America’s wine industry.
In 1933, the Prohibition was finally ended, but American tastes (and winemakers’ skills) had atrophied萎缩了. Sweet, fortified jug wine accounted for 81% of California’s production in 1935. Cheap, generic table wines sold under the guises伪装of Burgundy, Chablis, Port, and Sherry flooded the American market in the decades after Prohibition ended. 结束后的几十年里，以勃艮第、夏布利、波特酒和雪利酒为幌子出售的廉价普通餐酒充斥美国市场。
From the end of Prohibition through the early 1970s, America’s wine industry became truly industrial工业化, as it focused on inexpensive, lower-quality wines for a generally uneducated domestic market.
In 1938, Georges de Latour hired André Tchelistcheff, a Russian winemaker trained in France, to oversee the production at Beaulieu. He introduced the Georges de Latour Private Reserve Cabernet Sauvignon, a new benchmark in quality for American wine, and brought updated standards of hygiene and techniques to California, including temperature-controlled fermentations and controlled malolactic fermentation.
Tchelistcheff mentored many of California’s young talents—including Robert Mondavi, Louis Martini, Joe Heitz, and Mike Grgich—who became industry giants and helped reshape the image of Napa and California wines in general. Prohibition survivors like Inglenook, Beringer, and Beaulieu in Napa were surpassede by ambitious new wineries of the next generation by the late 1960s. 像纳帕的 Inglenook、Beringer 和 Beaulieu 这样的禁酒令幸存者被雄心勃勃的下一代新酒庄所超越。
Robert Mondavi, a man many credit享有盛誉with creating the “brand” of Napa Valley, launched his winery’s first harvest in 1966.
In 1968, Mondavi renamed Sauvignon Blanc as Fumé Blanc and aging it in oak.
In 1976, Judgment of Paris, a blind tasting organized by Steven Spurrier, surprised the globe, as two Napa Valley wines—Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars Cabernet Sauvignon and Chateau Montelena Chardonnay—placed first in a blind tasting against a sampling of first and second growth Bordeaux, and premier cru and grand cru Burgundy. Boom times for Napa and for the California wine industry in general resulted, bringing foreign investment and heightening domestic interest.
In 1978, a Diamond Creek Cabernet Sauvignon was the first Napa Valley bottling to top the $100 mark at release.
In the 1980s, phylloxera recurred in California’s vineyards. In Napa alone, over half of the vineyards had to be torn out and replanted—a new opportunity for producers to reassess重新考虑 grapes and clonal selections for each site.
The 1990s signaled a stylistic shift in California, as ripeness, body, and higher alcohol levels found champions among influential critics, and many producers adjusted both viticulture and winemaking decisions to support more weight and fruit. 标志着加州风格的转变，成熟度、酒体和更高的酒精含量受到了有影响力的评论家的拥护，许多生产商调整了葡萄栽培和酿酒决策，以支持更多的重量和果味。
In Napa, a new wave of upstart cult producers, including Screaming Eagle, Colgin, and Harlan Estate.
467
What’s TTB’s full name?
The Tax and Trade Bureau, a new federal bureau created by the Homeland Security Act of 2002, oversees the AVA system.税收和贸易局 (TTB) 是根据 2002 年国土安全法创建的一个新联邦局，负责监督 AVA系统
467
Which alcohol range may simply be labeled as table wine or light wine?
7%-14% abv.
467
All wines must declare the name and address of the bottler. How many % of a wine must come from grapes grown on land owned or controlled by the winery?
100%
468
In the US, if a labeled by an AVA, minimum % of grapes used to produce the wine must have originated in the stated region? If labeled by a county, state or country?If labeled by a single vineyard?
AVA mini 85%;
County, state or country: mini 75%, but California and Oregon must 100%, Washington mini 95%; Single vineyard: mini 95%.
468
If a wine is labeled with an AVA, how much % must come from the stated vintage? for state or county?
95% for AVA wine, 85% for county or state（TTB), the same for California, Oregon and Washington
468
Wine with a varietal designation must contain a minimum % of the stated variety? Exceptions?
75%; but for Vitis labrusca, like Concord needs only comprise a mini 51% of a varietal wine.
468
In the US, alcohol content can be labeled with a margin of plus or minus %?
1.5%.
469
Which are the 5 large AVAs of California?
North Coast, Central Coast, South Coast, San Francisco Bay, Sierra Foothills.
**(The inland Central Valley, source of 75% of the state’s wine, is not considered an AVA).
470
What does Meritage refer to?
A term trademarked by the Meritage Alliance, to indicate a premium Bordeaux blend (white or red) in which no grape accounts for more than 90% of the wine.
(Meritage )是指由梅里蒂奇联盟(Meritage Alliance)成员酒庄出产的一种波尔多风格的混酿葡萄酒。
自 1976 年巴黎评判（Judgment of Paris）以来，新世界的葡萄酒尤其是美国加州葡萄酒在世界上名声大噪。尽管如此，20 世纪 80 年代，加州的一些酿酒师还是在向消费者推销葡萄酒的过程中遇到了困难。
在当时的美国，如果某款酒的酒标上标注了某个葡萄品种，这代表该品种的比例至少为 75%。而许多酿酒师更喜欢用多个品种来混酿，但他们只有两个选择。第一种是在酒标上标注“波尔多（Bordeaux）”、“波尔多风格混酿（Bordeaux-Style Blends）”，但这种方式往往令人感到困惑。为了摆脱这一窘境，1988 年，加州的一批酿酒师聚集在一起，希望为新世界的波尔多风格混酿争取一个认定标准以宣传这些高品质的葡萄酒。最后，在汇集了超过 6,000 条建议和想法后，他们成功地建立起梅里蒂奇协会（Meritage Association）。2009 年，协会又更名为如今的梅里蒂奇联盟（Meritage Alliance），梅里蒂奇的标识就这样诞生了，且只有联盟内缴纳授权费的成员才有权在酒标上使用“梅里蒂奇”这一名称。
471
Which counties are included in North Coast AVA?
Lake, Mendocino, Solano, Marin, Sonoma, Napa.
472
Which is the southernmost AVA of Napa Valley? Winkler region?
Carneros, region I.
473
Which are the mountain AVAs in Napa Valley?Which is wettest and coolest?
5 AVAs: Mount Veeder, Diamond Mountain, Spring Mountian (to the west), Atlas Peak and Howell Mountain (to the east)
Howell Mountain is wettest and coolest.
474
Which is the fist sub-appellation within Napa Valley to receive its own AVA?
Howell Mountain: Its high-altitude, west-facing vineyards produce benchmark mountain wines. This is the only appellation that is elevation specific, beginning at 1,400 feet(426米）唯一一个特定海拔的产区，起始海拔为 426米。
475
How many AVAs in Sonoma County? Which are they?
Alexander Valley, Bennett Valley, Chalk Hill, Dry Creek Valley, Rockpile, Knights Valley, Russian River Valley, Green Valley of Russian River Valley, Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak, Fort Ross-Seaview, Fountaingrove District, Petaluma Gap, most of the Carneros AVA.
Sonoma Valley, Moon Mountain District Sonoma County, Sonoma Mountain, Sonoma Coast, West Sonoma Coast, Northern Sonoma.
475
Which is the coolest AVA in Sonoma? Established in which year?
West Sonoma Coast AVA approved in 2022. (Sonoma Coast has diverse microclimates, more inland is warmer, region II; real coastal area above fog line is warmer too, so the coolest part is western coastal below fog line area. That’s why the West Sonoma Coast AVA was created.)
476
From which year, all wines produced in Sonoma County are required to state Sonoma County on the label regardless of whether or not the label also indicates an AVA.
From 2011
476
Which are warmer AVAs in Sonoma? Winkler region? Which is the warmest?
Dry Creek Valley, Alexander Valley, Rockpile, and Knights Valley, Region III.
Knights Valley is the warmest.
477
What are the key grapes of Sonoma Coast?
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Rhone varieties.
478
What’s Green Valley distinct for? Name the famous producers in Green Valley？
1) It’s a sub-region of Russian River Valley, distinct for its Goldbridge soil, cool temprature, morning fog layer.
2) Kosta Browne, Freeman, and sparkling producer Iron Horse.
479
Name 3 famous producers in Sonoma Coast?
Hirsch, Marcassin, Peay.
480
Which is the important city in Sonoma County？
Healdsburg
481
Name 4 famous wineries in Russian River Valley?
Dehlinger, Joseph Swan, Rochioli, and Williams-Selyem.
482
What’s the style of Alexander Valley Cabernet Sauvignon?
More herbaceous character and less body than Napa Valley
483
Which AVA’s Cab S is most similar to the ones from Napa Valley?example?
Knights Valley, Peter Michael’s Les Pavots罂粟花.
484
Which are the signature grapes of Dry Creek Valley and Rockpile?What’s the style?
Zinfandel. Ripe, powerful aged in either American or French oak.
485
What’s the key grape of Bennett Valley?Why?
Merlot, as it’s too cool to ripen Cab S.
485
What’s Petaluma Gap?
Is a geographical region in Sonoma County, California which extends in a band地带 from the Pacific Ocean to San Pablo Bay, allowed the wind that funnels through lower Sonoma County due to a coastal mountain opening stretching from the Pacific to Petaluma and south toward San Pablo Bay.
486
Which is the 1st sparkling winery in Carneros?Which international brands have founded wineries in Carneros?
Gloria Ferrer. Taittinger, Cava producer Codorníu
487
Which AVA is shared by Mendocino and Sonoma?
Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak AVA
488
In 2014, what happened in Mendocino County which is a rare move?
In 2014, The Mendocino AVA decreased in size, and a new AVA Eagle Peak Mendocino County was approve, so that these two AVAs would not overlap each other.
489
Which is the smallest AVA in America?
Cole Ranch.
490
What’s the lowest altitude limit of Mendocino Ridge AVA?
365m.
490
Name two monopole AVAs in Mendocino? Belong to which winery?
Cole Ranch, and McDowell Valley, belong to McDowell Valley Vineyards.
490
Which is the important river in Mendocino?
Navarro River
491
Which is the smallest wine-producing county in North Coast California? Which is its most prominent AVA?
Lake County, Clear Lake.
491
Which famous winery is the victim受害者of Pierce’s disease in Santa Cruz Mountains?
Bonny Doon Estate Vineyard.
492
What’s the key grape variety of Livermore Valley? Who is the most notable producer?
Sauvignon Blanc, Wente.
493
Which AVA is shared between Santa Cruz County, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties? Is it included in San Francisco Bay and Central Coast AVA?
Santa Cruz Mountains. NO.
494
When was Gabilan Mountains AVA established? It encompasses which two AVAs?
In 2022. It encompasses Mount Harlan AVA and Chalone AVA.
495
Which is the key grape of Monterey AVA?
Chardonnay, about 40%.
496
Which is the highlighted grape variety of Santa Lucia Highlands AVA? Who is the famous producer?
Pinot Noir. Garys’ Vineyard.
497
Where is Hospices du Rhone held?
In Paso Robles, the world’s largest Rhone wine celebration.
498
Where is Edna Valley located? Climate and key grapes?
San Luis Obispo County; Cool coastal climate for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
499
What are the 2 Valley AVAs of Santa Barbara?
Santa Maria Valley and Santa Ynez Valley AVAs.
499
When did Santa Rita Hills change name to Sta. Rita hills?why?
In 2006, due to the legal dispute with the Chilean winery.
499
Which AVA is nestled in between Santa Ynez and Santa Maria Valleys?
Alisos Canyon AVA.
500
Who is the film director of “Sideways”?in which year? It made which region famous?
Alexander Payne, in 2004.
Santa Barbara
501
Why is Richard Sanford famous?
Sanford & Benedict is one of California’s most historically significant and renowned vineyards because it proved two things:
1) Santa Barbara County is a great spot for growing Pinot Noir,
2) The portion of the Santa Ynez Valley where it is located, now known as the Sta. Rita Hills appellation, is a fabulous cool climate location for vines in general.
*Sanford & Benedict winery was founded by the two men Richard Sanford and Michael Benedict were partners from 1970 to 1980.
*Richard Sanford has been regarded as a California Pinot Noir pioneer and Sta. Rita Hills founder, becoming the first Santa Barbara vintner to be inducted into the Vintners Hall of Fame.
502
Where is Bien Nacido Vineyard located? What’s the vineyard famous for? Who is the owner? Which wineries are using the grapes from this vineyard to make wines?
1) Bien Nacido is cool-climate vineyard on the central coast of California, in Santa Maria Valley.
2) Famous for Burgundian and Rhone varieties from high elevation, shale页岩 and rocky soils.
3) Owned by the Miller Family, a multi-generational farming family who has been farming California's Central Coast for over 150 years.
4) Bien Nacido Estate, Bob Lindquist of Qupe Winery and Jim Clendenen of Au Bon Climat.
503
Where is Gallo’s headquarters located?
In Modesto (city), in the northern San Joaquin Valley, Central Valley
503
What’s the Winkler region of Santa Barbara?
Region I
503
How many % of California’s total wine grape produced in Lodi?
20%
504
Cantral Valley are divided by which two valleys?
Sacramento Valley and San Joaquin Valley.
505
Name two larg brands of Lodi?
Sutter Home, Robert Mondavi Woodbridge.
506
Which are the 7 sub-regions of Lodi?
Alta Mesa, Borden Ranch, Cosumnes River, Clements Hills, Mokelumne River, Jahant, Sloughhouse.
507
Where is the heart of California’s 19th-century gold rush territory?
Sierra Nevada Mountains
508
Name the 5 sub-AVAs of Sierra Foothills? What’s the major factor on temperature? Which AVA is the hottest?
Fair Play, El Dorado, Fiddletown, North Yuba, California Shenandoah Valley.
Altitude, Shenandoah Valley is the lowest and hottest.
509
How many AVAs in Washington?
21 AVAs
510
Which state is the second largest producer of premium wines in the US?
Washington
511
What’s the major factor of the climate of Washington? What’s the climate?
Cascade Mountains’ rain shadow effect, over 99% of its vineyards are located east of the Mountains, where is under the rain shadow, so the climate is arid, only 152.4-305mm rainfall annually(needs irrigation), true continental climate.
512
Which is the largest AVA in Washington state?
Columbia Valley AVA, over 1/4 one-quarter of Washington’s landmass超过华盛顿州四分之一面积.
513
Which is the first AVA of Washington? When was it? How big is it?
Yakima Valley,in 1983, It contains over 1/3 one-third of the state’s vineyards.
514
What’s the climate of Rattlesnake Hills? What’s the key grape variety?
Higher elevation vineyards ranging from 259-914m, planted along ridge and terraces.
Merlot, followed by Riesling and Cab S. In Yakima County, Washington
515
Name the 5 AVAs nested in Yakima Valley?
Snipes Mountain, Rattlesnake Hills, Red Mountain, Candy Mountain, Goose Gap.
516
What’s the uniqueness of Snipes Mountain?
Unique Loess soils and over 30 varieties.
517
What’s the climate in Red Mountain? What’s famous for?
It’s more a steep southwest-facing slope than an actual mountain.
It’s desert-like in climate, only 5 inches/127mm of rainfall annually.
Famous for noteworthy, tannic Cabernet Sauvignon.
518
Which is the warmest and most densely planted AVA in Washington?
Red Mountain AVA.
519
Which AVA is shared by Washington and Oregon?What’s famous for?
Walla Walla Valley.
Cab S, Merlot and Syrah, over 80% of total plantings.
520
There are 4 AVAs are on the northern boundary with Washington, which are they?
Columbia Gorge, Columbia Valley, Walla Walla Valley, The Rocks of Milton-Freewater AVAs.
521
Which AVA is nestled in Walla Walla Valley in Oregon? When was the AVA established? Why it’s unique? Grape varieties?
1) The Rocks of Milton-Freewater AVA (entirely in Oregon side),
2) in 2015.
3) Earned its name for a topsoil of basalt玄武岩cobblestones鹅卵石, resembles the galets of Chateaueuf-du-pape.
4) Rhone-style wines.
521
Which AVA is bordered with Idaho in Oregon?
Snake River Valley AVA
522
Who are the pioneers of Willamette Valley to produce high quality pinot Noir?
David Lett of the Eyrie Vineyards, and Charles Coury of Charles Coury Vineyards.
523
What’s Willakenzie soil? Which region has this soil?
Marine sedimentary soil, in westernmost slopes of Oregon, such as Ribbon Ridge.
523
Which French producer purchased property in Dundee Hills?
Burgundy Negociant Maison Joseph Drouhin
523
What’s the style of Willamette Valley Pinot Noir?
Earthier than California’s, but riper and more forward than Cote d’Or. Vintages are more variable than in Sonoma or Santa Barbara.
523
When was Willamette Valley firstly created into 6 smaller AVAs? How many sub-AVAs in Willamette Valley now? Which are they?
1) In mi-2000s, 6 AVAs: Dundee Hills, Eola-Amity Hills, Ribbon Ridge, McMinnville, Yamhill-Carlton District, Chehalem Mountains.
2) Another 5 new AVAs: Van Duzer Corridor (2019), Laurelwood District and Tualatin Hills (2020), Lower Long Tom (2021), Mount Pisgah Polk County Oregon (2022).
3) Now total 11 sub-AVAs in Willamette Valley.
524
What’s Jory soil? Where do you find it?
Jory: a well-drained soil series of volcanic origin;
It’s common in the “red hills” of Dundee Hills AVA.
525
What are the wine styles from Jory and Willakenzie soils?
Willakenzie is denser and darker fruit, Jory is more elegant. So Dundee Hills is more elegant, and Ribbon Ridge is darker and denser.
526
Which is the gap in the Coastal Mountains that separates the valley from the ocean in Oregon? Which AVAs are impacted by this gap? What’s the wine style?
Van Duzer Corridor(gap); McMinnville, Eola-Amity Hills; more tannic style of Pinot Noir.
527
Which is the coolest AVA in Oregon?
Chehalem Mountains, has a number of north-facing vineyards.
527
What’s the flagship grape variety of Oregon? And other varieties?
Pinot Noir; also white grapes such as Pinot Gris (dry and off-dry style), Chardonnay, Riesling.
528
Willamette Valley的城市坐标？
最北部是Portland，南边是Eugene
529
What’s the range of Southern Oregon? Including which AVAs?Which grapes are produced in Southern Oregon?
1) From south of Eugene to the California border.
2) Umpqua Valley, Elkton Oregon, Rogue Valley, Applegate Valley, and Red Hill Douglas County.
3) Pinot Noir, Syrah, Cab S, Pinot Gris, Gew, Chardonnay.
529
Which is the warmest and driest AVA in Southern Oregon?
Applegate Valley AVA.
530
What’s the % of grapes grown in the appellation for labeling by an AVA in Oregon? What’s the % by federal law联邦法?
95%；85% for federal law
530
What’s the % to label a grape variety in Oregon? What’s the standard %?
90%, and 75% for standard.
531
Which state has the third largest vineyard area in the US?
New York
532
What’s the most planted grape variety in New York?how many % is for winemaking?What’s the tipical wine style of Concord?
Concord, only one-third for wine production.
Tipically sweet and inexpensive.
533
Who is the key person to the development of New York’s wine industry?
Dr. Konstantin Frank of Vinifera Wine Cellars, who helped advance New York wine to meet modern palates, Begining in the 1950s, Frank worked to understand the potential for vinifera in the Finger Lakes and champion the state’s now-signature variety-Riesling.
534
Which are the two large Kosher sacramental犹太圣礼wineries in New York? Wines made from which grapes?
Manischewitz and Mogen David; made from Yew York Concord.
535
Please name a few good examples of hybrid varieties ?
Baco Noir, Seyval Blanc, Vidal, Cayuga, Catawba
536
How many lakes in Finger Lakes? Which two lakes have their own AVA?
11 narrow roughly parallel lakes that define the region.
Seneca Lake “Place of the Stone”, Cayuga“Boat Landing” (Their names are Native American)
536
Where is Finger Lakes AVA located?How many % of New York’s wines are from Finger Lakes?
In central-western New York. 90%.
537
What’s the flagship grape variety of Finger Lakes?
Riesling
537
What’s the climate in Finger Lakes?
cool-climate region with otherwise continental temperatures being moderated by Lake Ontario to the north, and Lake Erie to the west.
538
Where is Long Island AVA located? What’s the soil?
Southeastern tip of the New York State, just east of New York City; Sandy soil
539
Which is the warmest AVA in New York State? What’s the key grape varieties?
Long Island AVA, warmer climate allowing to produce Bordeaux Varieties: Cab Franc, Cab S, Merlot, and Chardonnay, Gew, Riesling.
官网: “mid-latitude maritime” and strongly influenced by the ocean. Long Island winters are significantly milder than most of New York State, making the region desirable for growing the more cold-sensitive grapes varieties, such as Chardonnay, and Merlot, along with Bordeaux varieties and sparkling wines.
540
Where are the top vineyards located in Long Island AVA? Which are the two AVAs of this part?
The top vineyards are largely concentrated on the island’s eastern half.
At its eastern end, the island splits into two narrow forks(分叉), each with its own AVA:
The North Fork of Long Island AVA, and The Hamptons (south fork).
541
Where is Hamptons AVA located?
South fork of eastern Long Island AVA.
542
Where is Hudson River Region AVA located?What’s the climate?Which are the key grape varieties?
1) Southeast of New York State, just above (north) New York City.
2) The Hudson River channels传送Atlantic breezes north, resulting in a cool climate which is not suitable for vinifera.
3) Largely planted to hybrids (some quality Chardonnay and Cab F are found too)
543
Which AVAs are included in Hudson River Region?
Hudson River Region and Upper Hudson
544
Which is the US’s oldest continually operating winery? Since when? Where is it located?
Brotherhood Winery兄弟会酒庄, founded in 1839, based in Hudson River Region in New York State.
545
Where is Champlain Valley AVA located?
Northeastern corner of New York State, at the Vermont佛蒙特州 border.
545
Where is Upper Hudson AVA located?What’s the key grapes?
North of Albany (city纽约州首府), Hybrid varieties.
546
Where is Niagara Escarpment AVA located? What’s the climate, soils, and major wine production?
1) Northwest of New York State,
2) The AVA is essentially a continuation of Ontario’s Niagara Escarpment region. The New York portion of the Niagara Escarpment has a continental climate that is heavily influenced by both Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Winters are cold, long sunny days in the summer, and lakes moderates the temprature extending the growing season.
3) Limestone.
4) Ice wine from Vidal.
547
Which AVA is the land of Concord?
Lake Erie AVA in southwest New York State.
548
Name the 7 Major AVAs of New York State?
Niagara Escarpment, Lake Erie, Finger Lakes, Upper Hudson, Hudson River Region, Champlain Valley, Long Island.
549
Which is the US’s largest official appellation? Since which year?
Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA (30,000 square miles), in 2009.
550
Some good wine examples from other US winemaking areas?
Sparkling from New Mexico, Virginia Nebbiolo, Texas Tempranillo, Michigan Riesling
551
Which is California’s northernmost county?Which is the most disctinctive region in this county?What’s the major effect impact the region’s climate?Which river is flowing in this region?What’s the famous surroudings?
Mendocino County, Anderson Valley, thisck fog from ocean, Navarro River, redwoods红杉林.
552
Where did Champagne Louis Roederer establish its sparkling winery?What’s the name of the winery? Since when?
Anderson Valley in Mendocino, Roederer Estate, since 1982.
553
Which is the oldest winery in Mendocino? Since when?Owened by which company?
Parducci, since 1932, owned by Mendocino Wine Co.
553
Name one famous producer in Anderson Valley?What’s the signature grape variety?where is it located?
Goldeneye winery belongs to Duckhorn, Pinot Noir, at Philo town.
554
Which AVA is less influenced by fog and ocean in Mendocino?What’s the wine style there?
Redwood Valley; full-bodied, rather soft reds from Cabernet, Petite Sirah, or old vines Zinfandel.
554
In Mendocino, which AVA has cooler climate made fine botrytised wines?
Potter Valley.
555
Which grapes performs well in Anderson Valley?
Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Noir.
555
Which is the the largest city and county seat(县城) of Mendocino County?
Ukiah.
556
In Mendocino which winery is famous for sustainability and organic wine production?When was it established? Owned by which company?
Fetzer (in Redwood Valley), since 1968, owned by the Chilean wine giant Concha y Toro - the first Californian brand owned by the label.
557
Which part of Sonomoa is cooler in the region? What is the main factor?
Due to the wide dip(低洼处) in the Coastal Ranges known as the Petaluma Gap, opening the vineyards in the south are the coolest.
1) South of Sonoma is cooler
2) Petaluma Gap
557
The overall situation of the Sonoma production area?
Sonoma is in general closer to the Ocean, so cooler than Napa, the grapes are far more than Napa due to more varied conditions in cooler areas. Sonoma is also where fine wine started in California.
557
Which is the chillist AVA in Russian River Valley?Which are leading producers in this region? What’s the tipical soil?
1) Green Valley sub-AVA and Sebastopol Hills(Not an official AVA, it is an area that became part of the Russian River Valley appellation when that AVA was expanded south to include Jackson Estates’ Bloomfield vineyard in 2005).
2) Marimar Estate, Iron Horse, Joseph Phelps’(Napa Valley) Freestone winery .
3) Sandy Goldridge soil: Green Valley's Goldridge soil is known to be sandy loam. It is approximately 60 percent sand, 10 percent clay, and 30 percent silt particles.
558
When was Rissian River Valley AVA established? And extended twice in which years?
1) Was established in 1983
2) Extended in 2005 to include all those vineyards south of Sebastopol within the fog zone.
3) In 2011, was extended again by the request of Gallo, include its “Two Rock Vineyard” in the southeast.
559
Where is Sebastopol Hills located?what’s its famous wine?
Russian River Valley’s Southernmost Pearl for Pinot Noir
560
Which is the most planted variety in Sonoma County?
Chardonnay
561
Name two wines above fog line in Russian River? Notable variety?
Martinelli’s “Jackass hill”, Dutton’s Morelli Lane;
Zinfandel.
562
What’s the climate and soil in Chilk Hill? Which is the important winery and its Signature wine?
Much warmer, volcanic soils.
Chalk Hill Estate, its greatest wine is direct, medium-weight Chardonnay.
563
What are the orientations of the best vineyards in the Russian River Valley?
East-facing vineyards where the risk of raisining is minimal
564
Name 3 high-profile Sonoma Coast pioneers?
Marcassin, Littorai, and Flowers.
564
What’s key grape varieties in Dry Creek Valley and Valley floor?
Zinfandel and Cabernet; in Valley floor is Sauvignon Blanc.
565
Why is Alexander Valley warmer than other AVAs in Sonoma?
It’s sheltered by the low hills.
565
Name three good wineries and wines in Dry Creek Valley?
Quivira, good Sauvignon Blanc from Valley floor, and Fine hillside Zinfandel;
Preston Vineyards Rhone Varieties(Grenache, Cinsault, Carignan...);
A. Rafanelli - Hillsides Cabernet Sauvignon.
566
What’s the key grape varieties and style of Alexander Valley?
Cabernet Sauvignon in alluvial soils-chocolatey richeness;
Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay in lower ground near the river - appetizing.
567
Name some famous wines from Alexander Valley?
1) Ridge Geyserville Vineyard’s - mixed-varieties: old vine Zinfandel(130years), carignane, petite sirah, and mataro (mourvedre);
2) Stonestreet’s Alexander Mountain Estate(managed by Jackson Family, once known as Gauer Ranch, California’s most celebrated Chardonnay, from cooler conditions from Valley floor140m below.
568
Who is the producer of Geyserville vineyard? In Which region?
Ridge, in North California, Sonoma, Alexander Valley.
568
Rank the 3AVAs Knight Valley, Alexander Valley, Dry Creek Valley from hottest to coolest climate?
Alexander Valley, Knights Valley, Dry Creek Valley
569
Name a successful winery owned by foreigner in Knights Valley?What’s the unique wines from this winery?
Peter Michael, owned and named after an Englishman.
Chardonnay and Cabernet on volcanic soils from 450m-600m altitude.
570
What are the two famous wines of Beringer from Knights Valley?
Beringer Knights Valley Cabernet,
White and red Bordeaux blend from its Knights Valley vineyard called Alluvium.
571
Who is the current owner of Durell Vineyard? Where is it located?
1) In 1994, Ed Durell sold the vineyard to Kendall Jackson, who later sold the vineyard to Bill Price (who owns Durell and Gap’s Crown) businessman, investor, in 1997.
2) Located in the southwestern foothills of Sonoma Valley, the vineyard receives its moderate climate from San Pablo Bay to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west. All of the vineyard is in the Sonoma Valley and Sonoma Coast appellations, with a portion in Carneros (planted Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, a little of Syrah and Cab S).
571
Which is the natural boundary between Napa Valley and Sonoma?
Mayacamas Mountains
571
Who is the producer of “Alluvium vineyard”? What is it named after?
Beringer, named after the alluvial soil(loose clay, sand,gravel, silt).
571
What are the same factors that influence Sonoma's climate as Napa Valley's?
Sonoma Valley is cooled in the south by fogs and wind off San Pablo Bay and progressively warmer towards the north.
571
Who is the pioneer of oak-aging in California?
Hanzell in the 1950s.
571
Which wineries and vineyards are belong to Bill Price?
Price Family Vineyards & Estates, which includes the ownership and management of iconic Sonoma Coast vineyards including: Durell, Gap’s Crown, Walala, Alana, One Sky, and William James Vineyard. His ownership interests include Three Sticks Wines, Kistler Vineyards, Gary Farrell Winery, and Head High.
572
Who is Bill Price?
1) Owner of many iconic Sonoma Vineyards(Durell, Gap’s Crown...) and ownership of Kistler, Gary Farell Winery and Head High...
2) 1992 co-founded Texas Pacific Group (TPG), a private equity firm全球最大私募投资,the company purchased Beringer Vineyards, which was Bill’s official introduction to the wine business.
3) 2007, he sold his share of TPG back to his partners. When Steve Kistler asked Bill to become a partner in his vineyards.
573
Top Chardonnays from Sonoma Valley?
Kistler’s Durell Chardonnay;
Sonoma-Cutrer Vineyards, Les Pierres Chardonnay.
574
What’s Sonoma Valley’s vinous heart and soul? Which are the iconics?
Old-vine Zinfandels:
Kunde’s Shaw Vineyard Zinfandel,
Old Hill Vinyard (Ravenswood Winery),
Ridge Pagani Ranch.
All planted in the 1880s.
575
Name two excellent Cabernet Sauvignon made in Sonoma Mountain?
Louis Martini’s Famous Monte Rosso Vineyard (335m) up in the eastern hills;
Laurel Glen Cabernets from Sonoma Mountain.
576
Who is making waves in Sonoma Mountain with biodynamic viticulture?
Benziger Family Vineyard.
577
What’s the vineyard name of Paul Hobbs’ Chardonnay in Sonoma Mountain?
Richard Dinner Vineyard.
578
Which is the best known winery in Bennett Valley?
Matanzas Creek.
579
Why does Bennett Valley have more cooling marine influence to Sonoma Valley?What’s the key grape variety?
The Crane Canyon wind Gap鹤峡谷风隙.
Merlot (too cool to ripen Cab S).
580
Napa Valley’s mordern history starts when ?
In 1966, with the construction of the Robert Mondavi winery.
580
Which is key grape varieties of Oak Knoll AVA? Key producer?
Riesling, and long-lived Cabernet; Trefethen.
580
How many % of the value of all California’s wine comes from Napa Valley? How many % of its volume?
20% of the value of all California’s wine, only 4% of its volume.
580
Napa Valley’s sub-AVAs and their key grapes?
Chardonnay-Carneros,
Sauvignon Blanc-Yountville,
Syrah-hillside Mount Veeder,
Zinfandel-Calistoga and Mount Veeder.
580
Which are the western and eastern Mountains in Napa Valley?
Mayacamas Mountains on the west, Vaca range on the east.
581
Why there is good Merlot produced in Yountville?
There is clay-rich alluvial fans found in yountville.
581
Name 3 cult producers in St Helena?
Grace Family, Vineyard 29, Colgin Herb Lamb.
582
How was the fortune of Sutter Home built?
Palest pink “White Zinfandel” bought in from the Central Valley and Sierra Foothills.
582
Beringer is currently belong to which company?
Treasury Wine Estates of Australia 澳大利亚富邑葡萄酒庄园
583
Who is the current owner of Louis Martini?
Gallo. The fourth generation of the Martini family was not interested in working in the winery. As a result, it was sold in 2002 to Modesto-based E & J Gallo Winery, which was looking for an entry into Napa. Keeping the name Louis M. Martini Winery, Gallo increased production dramatically and trimmed the wine portfolio from its numerous varieties to focus on Zinfandel and Cabernet Sauvignon.
583
Where is Hess Collection located?Beside the winery, is there any other specially?
Napa Valley, Mount Veeder district; An exceptional art gallery.
583
What factors affect Spring Mountain's climate?
Altitude and also cool Pacific air.
583
Name a good winery in Spring Mountain District? What are their signature grape varieties?
Stony Hill, long-lived Chardonnay and Riesling.
584
为什么Pritchard Hill没有成为AVA？
Will Pritchard Hill ever be an American Viticultural Area (AVA)? The man who owns the 1971 trademark—Donn Chappellet—firmly declares, “It will not.”
The inclusion of adjoining properties in any Pritchard Hill appellation causes Chappellet great concern. “If that happened, then dozens of wineries could put Pritchard Hill on the label, and destroy the valuable name,” he says.
584
Where is Conne Valley located? Who is the producer?What’s the key grape?
Conne Valley, Howell Mountain, benchland soils well suited to Cabernet;
Anderson’s Conn Valley Vineyards.
584
Where is Delia Viader located? What’s the speciality of their wines?
Howell Mountain, Napa Valley. Superb examples of Napa Mountain Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon.
584
Which grape is famous from Pritchard Hill? Who is the pioneer of this land? Who are the famous producers?
Profound Cabernet Sauvignon; Donn Chappellet in 1960s;
Producers: Chappellet, Long, Colgin, Bryant, Ovid, Continuum.
585
When did Antinori arrive in Napa Valley?Where is it located?What’s the name of winery?Signature wine?
In 1990s, Atlas Peak, Antica Napa Valley;
Small lots of Cabernet Sauvignon from high-elevation (420m-540m), estate-owned vineyards that lie above the fog line.
585
Name 5 wineries based in Howell Mountain?What’s the terroir?
Dunn, La Jota, Liparita, O’Shaughnessy, and Robert Craig
Cool, quiet, generally fog free uplands.
585
Why is Pritchard Hill so special?Is it an appellation?
Pritchard Hill: It’s not even an official appellation yet—and may never be one. But this high part of the Vaca Mountains, off the beaten path and remote人迹罕至且偏远, is producing among the most profound wines in Napa Valley.
Jon-Mark Chappellet, whose father, Donn, pioneered the area, describes it as “a hole” between Oakville, Howell Mountain, the Stags Leap District, Rutherford and Chiles Valley.
Most of the vineyards are higher than 800 feet above(240m) sea level, and some rise to nearly 2,000(600m) feet.乔恩·马克·查佩莱 (Jon-Mark Chappellet) 的父亲唐恩 (Donn) 是该地区的先驱，他将其描述为奥克维尔、豪厄尔山、鹿跃区、卢瑟福和奇利斯谷之间的“一个洞”。
大多数葡萄园海拔高于800英尺，有的甚至达到近2000英尺。 Wines grown there qualify only for a Napa Valley appellation. Blakesley Chappellet, Donn’s daughter-in-law, calls the region “a lieu-dit,” the French term for a distinctive geographic area.
*Pritchard Hill: the dirt土 is red=volcanic clay loam, sits above the fog line. An immediate effect of all this sunny ripeness, alcohol levels tend to run high—often over 15% by volume. But I have yet to taste a Pritchard Hill wine that was hot. That warmth gives the wines a soft, round, almost Cognac-like mellowness
585
The history of Inglenook?
The winery was founded in 1879 by a Finnish Sea Captain Gustave Niebaum.
More than 1,500 acres (610 ha) of the Inglenook property were acquired by Francis Ford Coppola in 1975 with profits of his film, The Godfather. The brand name and the remaining 94 acres (38 ha), including the historic winery, were bought by Heublein, Inc., which began making lower quality wines produced elsewhere under the Inglenook label. Under the leadership of Dennis Fife, Inglenook again began producing critically acclaimed wines. Heublin was later bought by RJR Nabisco, then sold to Grand Metropolitan in 1987. Heublein sold the winery to the Canandaigua Wine Company (which later became Constellation Brands) in 1994. Canandaigua consolidated winemaking operations elsewhere and sold the remaining acreage and winery to Coppola in 1995. In the French tradition, Coppola combined his name with the original owner, naming the facility Niebaum-Coppola Estate Winery. Coppola later renamed it the Rubicon Estate Winery. In January 2008, The Wine Group announced that it would purchase Almaden Vineyards, the Inglenook label, and the Paul Masson Winery in Madera, California from Constellation Brands for $134 million in cash.
On April 11, 2011, Francis Ford Coppola acquired the iconic Inglenook trademark, paying more, he said, than he had for the entire estate and announced that the estate would once again be known by its historic name, Inglenook.
586
Who is current owner of Inglenook?
Francis Ford Coppola, calling the property Niebaum Coppola, with its flagship wine Rubicon, until in 2011 he bought the Inglenook name and set about a lavish resoration of the 19th-century winery
586
Which AVA in Napa Valley is equivalent to Pauillac if compared to the Medoc?
Rutherford. This is Cabernet country par excellence.
Nearly two-thirds of the 3,500 acres (1,417ha) of vines here are Cabernet Sauvignon and most of the rest are other Bordeaux red.
*The Cab S here has more structure, backbone, and longevity than almost any other California Cabernet.
586
What’s Rutherford dust?
A mineral element in wines produced in Rutherford一种矿物元素.
586
Where is the grapes of Caymus’ Special Selection Cabernet sourced from?
East side within Rutherford, with gravelly deposits washed down from the Vaca range.
586
What’s the marked difference between the west and east sides of Oakville and Rutherford?
1) Western side: alluvial fans predominate in the west with, closest to the hillsides, large particles washed out of the Mayacamas Mountains providing relatively good drainage.
2) Valley floor: the richer loams predominate. Ripening grapes is easy here.
3) Eastern side: It is even easier on the eastern side - in fact, the warmth of afternoon sunshine on the lower slopes of the Vaca range can be a threat to freshness of fruit对果实新鲜度造成威胁. Soils are heavier and have more volcanic influence.
587
Which winery made Oakville famous?
Robert Mondavi: in 1966, that the California wine revolution began when Robert Mondavi built his striking winery.
587
What’s the essence grape of Oakville?What’s the style?
Cabernet Sauvignon is the essence.
Really serious, meaty, opulent Cab S (may not have the wight and backbone of the best from Rutherford, but they certainly offer the Napa Valley’s quintessential opulence丰满).
587
Where are Screaming Eagle and Harlan Estate located?
Screaming Eagle is in the east of Oakville; Harlan Estate is in the western hills of Oakville.
587
When was To Kalon vineyard planted? Where is it located? Who is the owner?
Planted in 1868, in the west of Oakville,
It’s hared by Robert Mondavi and Beckstoffer Vineyards (Napa Valley’s dominant vineyard owner).
588
Who was the first Napa Valley vineyard to achieve international fame in the mordern era?
Martha’s Vineyard by Joe Heitz, in Oakville.
Joe Heitz consistently denied否认that its minty overlay had anything to do with the eucalyptus trees planted on its edge.
589
Which winery was marked the No.1 in “Judgement of Paris?
Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars in 1976.
590
What’s the wine style of Stags Leap AVA?
A silky texture, a certain aroma of violets or cherries, tannins that have always been supple, power with more delicacy than is usual in Napa Cabernet. St-Julien and Margaux mixed style.
591
Where is Shafer located? What’s the most notable wine?
In Stags Leap, hillside vineyard on a steep amphitheatre圆形剧场that was carved out of the eastern slopes.
592
Which AVA in California has planted with cuttings from Chateau d’Yquem? In which year? What’s the key grape varierty of this region?
Livermore Valley in Alameda County in Central Coast, in 1869.
Famous for white wine, especially Sauvignon Blanc.
593
Which winery was the first in California to bottle varietally labelled Chardonnay?
Wente family
594
What’s the origin of majority of Chardonnay vines in California ?
Wente clone.
594
Who was the first winemaker of the modern era to bring renown to Santa Cruz Mountains?
Martin Ray of Mount Eden in 1950s.
*Ray began making wine in an era when California wines were mostly generic blends, labeled Chablis, Burgundy, Claret and such. Up until 1982, winemakers could call a wine Chardonnay or Pinot Noir with only 51% of those grapes in the blend.
Martin Ray was adamant about making 100% varietal wines and labeling them as such. “It was quite revolutionary. He always campaigned for single-varietal wine.
595
Where is Monte Bello Vineyard located? Who is the producer?Which grape and terroir?
In Santa Cruz Mountains, Ridge Vineyards.
Cabernet Sauvignon from the highest patch above the fog line, old vine, infertile soils on steep slopes, aged almost exclusively in seasoned American oak, with its bottle age, it can taste like Bordeaux.
596
What’s the name of Ridge’s winery who produces old vine Zinfandel? Where is the winery located? Where are the grapes source from?
Lytton Springs Winery, near Healdsburg in Sonoma;
Ancient Zinfandel vines in Sonoma and Poso Robles.
597
Where is Salinas Valley located? What’s the climate?
In Monterey County, Central Coast, California.
Salinas Valley’s mouth open to the ocean on Monterey Bay, forms a highly efficient funnel for a regular afternoon cold ocean air. The Valley is extremely dry (with irrigation water from the underground Salinas River) but extremely cold. All these make Salinas Valley has one of the longest growing seasons in the world (bud 2 weeks earlier and harvest at least 2 weeks later).
597
Name 2 star wineries in Santa Cruz Mountains and their signature wines?
Ridge Vineyards (Monte Bello Cabernet Sauvignon);
Rhys mountain-grown Pinot Noir.
598
Name 3 giant vineyards in Monterey County?
San Bernabe Vineyard (single vineyard with 2200ha planted) in Salinas Valley;
Scheid Vineyards (Sheid Family Wines), 1214ha of vineyards in Salinas Valley,
Lockwood Vineyard, 748ha in Santa Lucia mountain, one of the largest premium estate vineyards in the world.
599
Where is Santa Lucia Highlands AVA?
Above the Salinas Valley, on its east-facing slopes, in Monterey County, Central Coast of California.
600
What are the key grape varieties in Santa Lucia Highlands? What’s the terroir?
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.
On the east-facing slopes of Salinas Valley, in well-drained granitic soils.
601
Name 3 notable wineries in Santa Lucia Highlands?
1) Morgan Winery Double L Vineyard (Crown Jewel of the Santa Lucia Highlands Appellation)
2) Pisoni, Pisoni family produce a single wine: Pisoni Estate Pinot Noir in dry and granitic soils. Pisoni Estate wines were named among America’s Grand Crus by wine critic Robert Parker.
3) Gary Franscioni's ROAR Wines: Gary has helped to establish Santa Lucia Highlands as one of the country’s most coveted令人垂涎 Pinot Noir regions.
602
Where is Arroyo Seco AVA located? What’s its terroir?
In Monterey County, Central Coast California.
Even longer growing season (than Salinas Valley) because of low average daytime temperatures.
Riesling and Gewurztraminer from pebbly vineyards can produce fine dry to off-dry wines, as well as botrytised wines with crystalline acidity.
603
Who is the producer of Double L Vineyard? Where is it located?
Morgan Winery, in Santa Lucia Highlands, Monterey County, Central Coast California.
*Double L: Named the Double L (Double Luck, in honor of twin daughters), today this vineyard is one of the most famed winegrowing properties in California. A living laboratory, the organically certified Double L Vineyard boasts 20 different clones on 8 different rootstocks.Planting Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and tiny Syrah and Rielsing.
604
Who is the producer of Mer Soleil vineyard ? Where is it located?
Caymus of Napa Valley, in San Luis Obispo County.
605
Which winery has its own AVA in Monterey County?What’s the terroir?
Chalone Vineyard, in Chalone AVA.
Lies on a sun-scorched被太阳炙烤的 600m limestone hilltop.
606
Who is the owner of Calera? Where is the winery located? What’s the signature grape? What is his winemaking inspiration?
Josh Jensen, in Mount Harlan AVA (San Benito County), splendid Pinot Noir.
Burgundy-Limestone soil.
607
Why is there a natural acidity in El Dorado County’s wine?
1) Because of the altitude at above 2,400ft (730m), are among the highest in California.
The area is cooled by elevation rather than by the fog that is common to the coastal regions.
2) The relatively cool fall temperatures also allow the grapes a long "hang time" for uniform ripening.
607
Who is the current owner of Chalone Vineyard? What is the important historical event of the winery?
1) In 1919, French immigrant and entrepreneur, Charles L. Tamm, traveled through California searching for the terroir with limestone soil similar to his native Burgundy. 后来被多次易主:
*In 2005, Chalone Wine Group was purchased by beverage giant Diageo.
*In early 2016 it was sold to Foley Family Wines.
2) Chalone Vineyard's 1974 Chardonnay ranked 3rd in the white wine category in the “Judgement of Paris” 24 May 1976.
608
Where is Shanendoah Valley located?
In Amador County and El Dorado County, in Sierra Foothills, California.
609
Where is Fiddletown AVA located? What’s the major grape variety?
In Amador County, Sierra Foothills, California;
3/4 three-quarters of the county’s vines are Zinfandel(some are before pre-prohibition).
609
Who is the current owner of Rober Mondavi?
Constellation.
610
Who are the major players in San Luis Obispo County?
Constellation (which includes Mondavi) ,
Treasury (which includes Beringer), Treasurey’s Meridian winery stands out for its hilltop site.
Locally based J Lohr.
611
Who found Tablas Creek nursery and winery?Where is it located? What are they famous for?
1) Tablas Creek Vineyard was founded in 1990 by Jean-Pierre and François Perrin of the Perrin family, proprietors of Beaucastel.
2) In Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County, Central Coast, California.
3) plant a wide range of French clones of Rhone grapes.
612
Which wines are Paso Robles famous for?
Blended reds and Rhone whites, such as Syrah and Viognier.
613
Who is the Rhone varieties famous producer in Edna Valley?
Alban, in Edna Valley, San Luis Obispo, Central Coast.
614
Which grapes are food in Arroyo Grande Valley?Notable producers?
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir,
Talley and Laetitia.
615
What’s the terroir of Santa Barbara? Wine style?
1) High acidity: Its river runs out to sea in flat land that offers no opposition at all to the Pacific air它的河流在平坦的土地上流入大海，对太平洋的空气没有任何阻碍。Some of its vineyard land is so low-lying that ocean fog moves in, fruit can easily be underripe and over-acidic.
2）Aromatic: low rainfall, the grapes can be hanged as long as can be, benefit from an extremely long growing season building flavour over months and months.
615
为什么Bien Nacido葡萄园的名字在酒标上往往很明显？
It’s owned by farmer not by wineries, so it can be appeared in many different wine labels, making vineyard names unusually prominent显眼. 很多在Santa Maria Valley的葡萄园都是这种情况，由酒农所有。
616
Cambria is belonged to which company? Where is it located?
Kendall-Jackson, On the foothills of North Santa Barbara County, Central Coast.
Every Cambria wine produced is a single vineyard offering and certified sustainable. The two primary vineyards on the Estate are Julia's and Katherine's.
616
Where is Rancho Sisquoc winery located?What’s their speciality?
In Santa Barbara County, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Syrah with Naturally high acidity in common with the best of New Zealand.
617
Where is Los Alamos region? Is it an AVA?What’s the Terroir?What’s famous for?
1) On the northern end of the Santa Ynez Valley in Santa Barbara County, Central Coast, California.
2) Not an AVA.
3) Cool climate produces lively Chardonnay.
618
Where is Bonny Doon Vineyard located?And Qupe?
Bonny Doon Vineyard is a winery in the Santa Cruz;
Qupe: wines from the Bien Nacido Vineyard in Santa Maria of Santa Barbara Country.
619
Who is Jim Clendenen?
Owner of Au Bon Climat, a winery in Santa Maria, California. Jim Clendenen was deemed "The Godfather" of Santa Barbara County wine, heavily influenced by Burgundy.
Produces different styles of Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Viognier, Barbera, Nebbiolo.
620
What are the key grape varieties in Sta. Rita Hills?What’s the climate?
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, much cooler, intense ocean influence.
621
Where is Babcock winery located? What are the signature wines?
Sta. Rita Hills, Santa Barbara County, Central Coast; Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Gew.
622
Who is the founder of Fiddlehead Cellars? What are their star products?
Kathy Joseph, Sta. Rita Hills Pinot Noir, Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara Sauvignon Blanc
623
Who is the founder of Sea Smoke Cellars? What does the name refer to? Where is it located? What’s the winery famous for?
1) By Bob Davids in 1999
2) Sea smoke=the fog
3) Sta. Rita Hills, Santa Barbara County, Central Coast
4) Famous for Pinot Noir (biodynamic)
623
Harlan Estate
Where is Harlan Estate Located?What’s the prices of Harlan?
Oakville;
Average global price (ex-tax) per 750ml bottle approaches $1,500 USD.
624
Where are the vineyards located of Harlan Estate?Vineyard condition? What’s the flagship grape?
In the hills above Martha’s Vineyard (Heitz Cellar) and To Kalon (Robert Mondavi) in Oakville
East-facing
Cabernet Sauvignon
625
Who is the founder of Harland Estate? When was the winery founded?Which is the first vintage?
William (known as “Bill”) Harlan, in 1984;
Harlan Estate’s first commercial vintage was 1990, which was released in 1996 at 65USD.
626
Besides Harlan Estate, which other wine projects does he have?
Bond and Promontory
627
What’s the name of Harlan Estate’s second wine? What’s the first vintage?
The Maiden少女, 1995
628
How to describe Harlan Estate’s status?
Harlan Estate is a high-profile, critically-lauded wine producer based in the Oakville AVA of Napa Valley, California. There were 8 vintages achieving 100points from Robert Parker’s Wine Advocate, one of the most highly-regarded wine producers in the world.
628
Who is the winemaker of Harland Estate? What’s the winemaking style?
Cory Empting; Whole-berry fermentations in small oak vats, Free-run wine is then fed by gravity into barrels for malolactic fermentation.Age for 24 to 26 months in a mix of new and used French oak barrels. It is bottled unfined and unfiltered at the estate.
628
How many hactares and grape varieties are there at Harlan Estate?When were the vineyards planted? What’s the soil?
Vineyard Holdings: 40 acres=17ha : 70% Cabernet Sauvignon, 20% Merlot, 8% Cabernet Franc, 2% Petit Verdot)
Between 1985 and early 1990s
Volcanic bedrock.
629
Which wines are produced at Colgin Cellars?
Cab S Herb Lamb Vineyard草羊园, Cab S Tychson Hill Vineyard(**only 1ha)泰松山园
630
Winemaking style of Colgin Cellars?
葡萄经过两次分选，第一次整串筛选，第二次是整粒筛选， 然后由重力到达最先进的不锈钢发酵罐进行冷浸渍。fermentation usually lasts 2-3 weeks. Following is an extended maceration for another 30-40 days on average.MLF for 2months. Aged in barrels for 18-24months, 100% new Taransaud oak barrels, cellar temprature at 10°C.
630
Which wine of Colgin Cellars has got 100points by RP?
Tychson Hill Vineyard Cabernet Sauvignon 2002
630
Where is Colgin Cellars located?
St. Helena
631
Who is the owner of Colgin Cellars?
LVMH (purchased 60% of shareholder of Colgin Cellars in 2021) and Ann Colgin founder and Chairwomen.
632
Who is the owner of Dominus?
Christian Moueix (the son of Jean-Pierre Moueix)
632
Which is the largest wine merchant on the right bank of Bordeaux?
Jean-Pierre Moueix, distributing top wines of Bordeaux and California Worldwide.
632
Which famous wineries are belong to Jean-Pierre Moueix/Moueix family?
Chateau Petrus, Chateau La Fleur-Petrus, Chateau Trotanoy, Chateau Hosanna in Pomerol, Château Providence in Pomerol;
Chateau Belair-Monange 1er Cru in St-Emilion, Chateau Bélair Saint-Emilion 1er Grand Cru Classe (in 2008).
Dominus Estate and Ulysses in Napa Valley.
633
Who is the elder son of Jean-Pierre Moueix?
Jean-Francois Moueix
633
What’s the style of Dominus?
Very French operation with a winemaking philosophy that is decidedly坚决地 Bordeaux： impeccable无可挑剔 attention to the vineyards, classic Bordeaux fermentation of 3 weeks, 18months in barrels(50% new and 50%one-year), no filtration. Winemaking team of Jean-Claude Berrouet, and full-time French winemaker Boris Champy, assisted by Jean-Marie Maureze.
The wine is super elegant, distinctively French in personality.
As the letterhead of Christian Moueix says so as-tutely, this is a Napa terroir, but with a Bordeaux spirit.正如 Christian Moueix 的信笺上所言，这是纳帕风土，但带有波尔多精神。
633
Who is the president总裁 of Jean-Pierre Moueix company?
Christian Moueix, (he added to the firm’s vineyard holdings through the acquisition of remarkable vineyard sites in Pomerol, such as Château Hosanna in 1999, Château Providence in 2005, and the historic Château Bélair, Saint-Émilion Premier Grand Cru Classé, in 2008.)
633
Who is the current owner of Chateau Petrus?
Jean-Francois Moueix, the elder son of Jean-Pierre Moueix.
634
Which is the first vintage of Dominus? Which vintage was declassified?
1983 the first vintage, 1993 was declassified.
634
What’s the winemaking process of Harlan Estate?
There is a very gentle policy in regard to the grapes and fermentation. The use of small picking trays, destemming without crushing, then a triage分类 for the destemmed berries, very rare in the wine world. No pumping of berries must result in the most gentle extraction.Wine is lightly punched down and pumped-over, then fermented in open-top small fermenters, MLF in small 1005 new French oak barrels, on lees for 23-36months. No fining nor filtration.
634
Which vintages of Harlan Estate got 100points from RP?
1994, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2013
634
Where is Dominus Estate located?What’s the second label of Dominus? First vintage?
Yountville in Napa Valley; Napanook, 1996.
634
Who is the owner of Robert Mondavi Winery?When was the winery sold?
Constellation Brands (Marvin L. Sands (1924 – August 28, 1999) was an American businessman, and the founder and CEO of Constellation Brands)
It was sold to Constellation in 2004.
634
What’s the Origin of Fume Blanc?
Sauvignon Blan早在late 19th in the US, take from Sauternes estate Chateau d’Yquem. But the potential of this grape was arguably not truly recognised until Robert Mondavi made its dry Sauvignon Blanc in 1960s.
At the time, Sauvignon Blanc was considered as a boring variety mainly used for sweet wine. To avoid the negative image, Mondavi decided to invent another name for Sauvignon Blanc. He took the word”FUME” from Pouilly-Fume and blanc for white wine. Aging with oak in order to differentiate his Sauvignon Blanc from others.Then more producers started ageing their Sauvignon Blanc in oak barrels, and selling it as “Fume Blanc”, therefore, the name has been more commonly associated with oak-aged Sauvignon Blanc from the US ever since.
634
Where is Robert Mondavi Winery located?Which are the top wines from Robert Mondavi?
Oakville;
Cabernet Sauvignon Reserve, and To Kalon Reserve.
634
Which is the inaugural vintage of Chateau Montelena?
1972
634
How many bottles are produced annually for Cabernet Sauvingon To Kalon Reserve? First vintage?
6000bottles.
635
Why is Robert Mondavi Great?
1) 首先对加州酿酒业产生巨大影响has enormous influence on the quality and direction of California winemaking, continues to perform admirably, pushing quality at both the vineyard and winery to greater heights.
2) This winery’s break with California’s tradition of producing often tart wines that are the result of excessive amounts of added acidity and too much fining and filtering began in 1987 with their Reserve red. Robert Mondavi are now bottling amost all their top white wines without filtration as well.
3) Passion for producing something special:
*learned to respect the concept of terroir;
*believed that great wines could be produced in the Napa Valley;
*arguably Robert Mondavi and his two sons Tim and Michael, were the first to fully understand and create great European-styled wines in Napa that could stand against the very best wines of France and Italy;
*Leader of innovations, in the late 1960s, introduced cold fermentation, stainless-steel tanks, use of small French oak barrels;
*recent: innovations such as gentle winemaking techniques that increase wine quality;
*high-density plantings to reduce yield and increase flavor concentration;
*natural viticultural practices to protect the environment and people.
*they were one of the first wineries to open its doors to visitors and share food, wine, music and art. Including a Great Chefs program started in 1976, all of which were largely the first of their kin in America.
635
When was Chateau Montelena founded, by who?History and milestone of the winery?
In 1882, by Senator Alfred Tubbs.After prohibition, the winemaking was stopped.
In 1958, the chateau was sold to a Chinese couple Frank and Jeanie whol built the Chinese style garden in the winery which in only open to the club members now.
Until 1972, Jim Barrett formed a partnership to rebuild the Chateau, with Mike Grgich as winemaker.
Four years later, Chateau Montelena Chardonnay 1973vintage won first place amoung the Chardonnays at “Judgement of Paris” 1976.
635
What’s the wine style of Ridge Vineyards?
In contrast to other California Cabernets, Draper's wines are normally around 13% ABV which is low even in comparison to Bordeaux wines. Though his wines are often more of a French style, he has preferred to use American oak because they seem to perform better with his wines.
635
How old are the oldest vines in Ridge Vineyards?
1880s
635
Where is Ridge Vineyards located?Who is the owner?Which are the famous wines of Ridge Vineyards? Who is the winemaker? When was the winery founded?
1) In Healdsburg, Sonoma.
2) Ridge Vineyards, Inc; Shareholder股东, Otsuka since 1987（日本制药公司）
3) Monte Bello Vineyard (primarily Cabernet Sauvignon); Geyserville (primarily Zinfandel); Lytton Springs (primarily Zinfandel).
4) Paul Draper
5) Was founded in 1962.
The original winery was built in 1886, but it wasn't until 1949 that Cabernet Sauvignon vines were planted on limestone subsoils in a region that they believe is as cool as Bordeaux. Full-scale commercial operation at Ridge began in 1962.
636
What’s the grape variety of Monte Bello of Ridge vineyards? Which is the Inaugural vintage?
100% Cab S of 1974 vintage, now a Cab-dominant Bordeaux blend.
Inaugural vintage: 1962 .
637
Which is the Inaugural vintage of Geyserville ? Lytton Springs?
1966; 1975
637
Where are the vineyards of Ridge Vineyards located?
Monte Bello (since 1880s): in Santa Clara County in the Santa Cruz Mountains AVA, limestone soil;
Lytton Springs: Dry Creek Valley, Sonoma;
Geyserville: Alexander Valley, Sonoma.
638
What does Brix mean?
Brix. Pronounced “bricks,” it’s an estimation of the sugar content of grape juice or fermenting wine估计葡萄汁或发酵酒的糖含量。Each degree equals 1 gram of sugar per 100 grams of liquid.
Sparkling wines might be picked as low as 17 or 18 Brix, white wines generally 20 to 24 and red wines 22 to 26, though higher numbers are possible.
639
What’s the unique point for Ridge’s winemaking?
They make Monte Bello in 100% new American white oak barrels, instead of French oak(different from other top producers), they have tested for 20years in French oak, but finally they prefer in American white oak.
However, the two Zinfandels Geyserville and Lytton Springs has very little oak.
640
What’s the historical event of Ridge Vineyards?
The Monte Bello Cabernet Sauvingon 1971 vintage was ranked the fifth-place in “Judgement of Paris” 1976.
641
Wher is Screaming Eagle located? Who is the owner? When was the winery founded? How many hactares of the vineyards?What’s the clone?
1) In Oakville, Napa Valley.
2) Jean Phillips was the founder,winery was sold in 2006, and now is owned by the billionaire Stan Kroenke since 2009.
3) In 1986.
4) 19.51ha.
5) Clone 7.
642
What’s the winemaking style of Screaming Eagle? Who is the winemaker？
1) Little yield, wine is aged in Seguin-Moreau French barrels (65% new) for 18months.
No fining nor filtration. Punching down is done, and the small, half-ton fermenters may hold the secret to the extraordinary fruit quality Phillips achieves.
2) Heidi Barrett (the wife of Château Montelena's Bo Barrett, and one of Napa Valley's most respected consult-ants) through Phillips’ friend Robert Mondavi, and Barrett has been the one and only winemaker at Screaming Eagle.
642
Which is the first vintage of Screaming Eagle?RP’s score?
1992, 99points almost perfect.
643
Which is the most expensive wine in US?
Screaming Eagle.
644
Which vintages of Screaming Eagle have received 100points from RP?
1997 and 2007
645
Second label of Screaming Eagle? White wine of Screaming Eagle? First vintage?
Second label: “The Flight”/Second Flight空军二号 is made from the vineyard's younger vines,
A white wine: the Screaming Eagle Sauvignon Blanc, was introduced in 2012 (initially sold at 250 USD but 10times at secondary market).
646
How to buy Screaming Eagle wines?
Sales are made direct from the winery through a mailing list which has been full since 2000. The waiting list to get on the "mailer", as it is often known, is reputed to be several thousand names long.
647
What’s the condition of the vineyards of Screaming Eagle?
Lies on eastern side of Oakville AVA, rocky soils on most west-facing slope, east of Napa River.
647
The price of Screaming Eagle?
1) Verage price 3000USD per bottle.
2) Prestige Hong Kong in May 2023 named Screaming Eagle Cabernet Sauvignon 1992 by Screaming Eagle as one of the world's most expensive wines, with a bottle having sold for a half a million US dollars at the 2000 Napa Valley Charity Auction. Robert Parker had awarded that specific vintage a "near-perfect" 99 points in 1995. The vintage was considered the most expensive wine in the world until surpassed by the Romanee-Conti bottle.
648
How does RP decribe the wines of Screaming Eagle?
Stunning is the black currant/cassis fruit, which may be the most extremely rich expression of cassis one can find short of drinking cassis itself. There is an unbelievable purity to these wines, as well as phenomenal惊人的concentration and richness, yet in no sense are they heavy, or out of balance.
649
What’s SQN Sine Qua Non famous for?How do they sell wines?
1) Sine Qua Non (commonly abbreviated as SQN) is a California winery that is known for its limited-production and expensive wines made from blends of Rhône grape varieties.
2) Each release is allocated and directly sold to a mailing list of customers. As of 2018, the wait to join the mailing list was approximately 9 years.
650
What does Sine Qua Non mean？
The name of the winery, Sine Qua Non, is a Latin phrase translated as "absolutely indispensable".
651
What’s the wine of Queen of Spades黑桃皇后from Sine Qua Non?RP score?Price?
Syrah based blend of 2014vintage, 95points, $5,861 per bottle.
652
Who is the label designer of SQN? Since when there will no longer be unique names for each bottling?
Manfred, the winemaker/owner;
Since 2021
653
Where is Sine Qua Non (SQN) winery located? Who is the owner? When was it founded? Which wines are made and production?
1) It’s located in north of Los Angeles in Ventura County, and with most of its vineyards in Santa Barbara;
2) Elaine and Austrian Manfred Krankl
3) Founded in 1994
4) Wines change names every vintage, but there are four categories:
*Syrah dominated blend-8500bottles;
*Grenache dominated blend-3200bots;
*Roussanne dominated white blend-6000bots;
*Mr. K sweet wine:
Ice Wine: 900 half-bottles
TBA: 1,450 half-bottles
Vin de Paille: 1,350 half-bottles
654
How many hactares of vineyards does Sine Qua Nnon have?
12ha.
655
What’s the name of SQN’s sister winery? When was it founded? Made from which vineyard?
Next to Kyn, in 2007.
From Cumulus Vineyards in Oak View (south of Santa Barbara).
656
In 2014, which new wine was release by SQN? Where are the grapes from?What kind of wine is made?
The Third Twin, Las Alamos (on the northern end of Santa Ynez Valley);
Made from Spanish grape Graciano.
657
Which wine from SQN has the lowest production? How many?
The Third Twin, only 855bottles in 2017.
658
Where is wine “Chimère” made? Who made this wine? Made from which grapes?
In Chateauneuf du Pape, from the famous “La Crau” lieu-dit;
It’s a collagorating project between Manfred Krankl(SQN) and Clos Saint-Jean’s Maurel brothers - Vincent and Pascal, beginning in 2010.
659
What’s the wine of Mr. K?who is the producer?
Vin de Paille;
By Sine Qua Non and Alois Kracher.
660
What’s the winemaking method of Sine Qua Non?
No fining nor filtration,
40-60% new French oak barrels for white wines(numerous forests and coopers), age for 13-15months;
60-100% new oak is used on red wines (numerous forest and coopers), Pinot Noir age for 9-13months, Syrah and Grenache about 18-24months;
TBA and Vin de Paille 3+ years;
In 2001, Krankl began to age 38-40months in oak for specific cuvess of Syrah.
661
Which wine of SQN have received 100points from RP?
2002 Suey TBA(100% Botrytised Roussanne);
2002 Just for the Love of It (Syrah)
662
When was Quilceda Creek winery founded? By who?
In 1978, by Alex Golitzin, who was inspired by his uncle-the legendary Andre Tchelistcheff.
Alex’s son Paul began working at winery in 1992 is now the winemaker.
662
Which is the first wine outside of California to be awarded 100points by RP?Where is it located?
2002 vintage Quilceda Creek Cabernet Sauvignon, in Whashington, Northern Seattle
663
Which wines are made from Quilceda Creek?
Flagship is Columbia Valley Cabernet Sauvgnon, fruits from the best Washington vineyards in Red Mountain and Horse Heaven Hills, including: Galitzine Vineyard, Wallula Vineyard, Palengat Vineyard.
664
Which wine of Quilceda is using the smallest amount of Cabernet Sauvignon?Which fruits are made for Columbia Valley Red?
Palengat Proprietary red (using the smallest amount of Cab S from Horse Heaven Hills
Decalssified fruit.
665
Which vintages of Quilceda Creek have received 100points from PR? How many wines got 100point in total?
2002, 2003, 2005, 2007;
7 wines.
666
Which wine was served at White House Dinner with US Former president Barack Obama and Chinese President Hu Jintao in 2011?
2005 vintage Quilceda Creek Cabernet Sauvignon.
666
How many hactares does Quilceda Creek have?
12.9ha/13ha
667
Which is the first vintage of Quilceda Creek?
1979
668
When was Heitz Cellars founded?by who?where is it located?
In 1961, by Joe Heitz, in St. Helena.
669
How many hectares are there at Martha's Vineyard？Where is the vineyard located?
Which is the igunaural vintage?
14ha, Oakville, 1966 (not produced between 1993-1995 due to replanting).
669
Which winery has been described as a "master of Grignolino"?
Heitz Wine Cellar
670
What’s the winemaking style of Heitz?
The winery uses French oak, and fruit is harvested slightly earlier than much of the rest of the region, giving a wine that is slightly higher in acidity than most.
670
Experience of Joe Heitz? Which wine was made at beginning at Heitz Cellars?
Joe has assisted André Tchelistcheff at Beaulieu vineyards. To start his owner winery, he bought 3.4ha vineyards planted with Italian grape Grignolino.
670
Which other wineries were aslo purchased by Gaylon Lawrence Jr.?
Majority stake in Chateau Lascombes, Burgess Cellars、Ink Grade and Stony Hill Vineyard.
Background of Lawrence: Lawrence owns one of the largest farming empires in the United States, with hundreds of thousands of acres of cotton, rice, corn and citrus stretching across parts of Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, Mississippi, Illinois and Florida. He owns eight regional banks in the South as well as large real-estate ventures in his hometown of Nashville and in the San Francisco Bay Area.
671
When was Heitz Wine Cellar founded? By who? Where is it located? Who is the current owner?
In 1961, by Joseph(Joe) and Alice Heitz, in St. Helena.
Arkansas-based billionaire Gaylon Lawrence Jr. (in 2018), who also owns Chateau Lascombe, Heitz Wine Cellar is now part of the Lawrence Family group of holdings which spans interests in agriculture and farming, banking and commercial real estate.
671
Which is the first single vineyard designate wine produced in California?
Heitz Martha’s Vineyard Cabernet Sauvignon
672
Besides of Martha’s vineyard, which other singles vineyard does Heitz produce? What are the inaugural vintages?
Trailside Vineyard in Rutherford AVA (40ha), inaugural vintage: 1989
Bella Oaks Vineyard in Rutherfor AVA, inaugural vintage is 1976
673
Is Bella Oaks vineyard belong to Heitz?
No
674
How are Martha’s Vineyard Cabernet made? And how about Traiside Cab?
1) Martha’s in old American oak casks for 1year, and then in 70-100% new Limousin French Oak barriques for an additional 2.5years.
2) Traiside Cabernet undergoes the same length of aging, but has always seen 100% New French Oak.
674
Where wineries are producing wines from Bella Oaks Vineyards?
Heitz Wine Cellars and Staglin Family Vineyard.
675
Where is Shafer Vineyards located? When was it established?Who is the founder?
In Stags Leap District AVA, in 1978; John Shafer.
676
Which is the inaugural vintage of Hillside Select Cabernet?
1983, by John’s son Doug
677
Shafer was an early pioneer for green practices in Napa Valley from which aspects?
Doug has been an advocate for sustainable farming practices and biodiversity since late 1980s,
In 2004, the winery became the first in the US to make the switch to 100% solar power generation.
678
Which grapes are made from for Shafer Hillside Select? What’s the first vintage and name?How is the wine made?
100% Cabernet Sauvignon, 1983 called “Reserve”, and renamed the following year.
Ages for 32months in 100% new French oak.
678
Which producer made “Relentless” ? from which grape?
Shafer, Syrah since 1999
679
Who made “One Point Five”? what’s the grape variety? Inaugural vintage?
Shafer Vineyards, Cabernet-dominated blend, 2004.
680
What happened to Chateau Montelena in 2004?
Wine Spectator published a story by James Laube (American wine critic) incriminating the winery for systemic系统性cork tain. Montelena’s fortunes soured恶化.
Montelena aware of the problem and had begun to refurbish the winery a year earlier, replacing fermentation tanks and undertaking other hygienic measures.The winery has since recovered.
681
Where is Joseph Phelps located?When was it established?
St. Helena, in 1973.
682
Who is the current owner of Joseph Phelps?
LVMH in 2022.
682
Who is the producer of Insignia?Which grapes is the wine made from?What’s the inaugural vintage of Insignia? since which year it’s made 100% from estate grown fruit?
Joseph Phelps, Cabernet Sauvignon-base blend, first vintage is 1974, 100% estate grown since 2004.
683
Which wineries are belong to LVMH group in California?
Newton Vineyard, Joseph Phelps, and 60% stake in Colgin Cellars.
683
Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars VS Stags’ Leap Winery, which won the “Judgement of paris”?
Stag’s leap Wine Cellars
**Notice: Stag’s and Stags’, placement of the apostrophe (before or after the "s") .
684
When was the Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars established? By who? Where?
In 1970, by Warren Winiarski, in Stags Leap District.
685
Which wine has won the first place at “Judgement of Paris” 1976?
1973 vintage Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars Cabernet Sauvignon.
686
What does S.L.V. mean?
Stag’s Leap Vineyard
687
Who made “Accord”, from which grape variety in which year?
It’s made 50% Cab S from Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars and 50% Cab S from Stags’ Leap Winery in 1985.
687
Which grape varieties are planted in “Fay” and “Arcadia” vineyards?made by which producer?
Fay: Cabernet Sauvignon, Arcadia(bought from Mike Grgich in 1996): Chardonnay; by Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars
688
When was Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars sold?To whom? Which part has been kept by Winiarski Family?Who is the current owner?
In 2007, to Chateau Ste. Michelle and Antinori.
The Arcadia vineyard was kept by Winiarski family.
Antinori bouth 85% stake from Chateau Ste. Michelle and became the sole owner since 2023.
689
Which it the inaugural vintage of Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars Cabernet Sauvignon? Who made this wine?
1972, André Tchelistcheff
690
Where are the grapes from for Cask 23 Stag’s Leap Wine Cellar? Which are the single vineyard wines and grape varieties?How the wines are made?
1) Barrel selection comprised of the best lots from SLV and Fay vineyards.
2) SLV:Cab S and Merlot, and Fay : Cabernet Sauvignon.
3) All three wines spend 18-22months in 80-100% new French oak.
691
Who is the legendary winemaker hired by Beaulieu Vineyard? Since which year? What did he pioneer? When did he leave Beaulieu?
André Tchelistcheff, since 1938.
New standards in winery hygiene, frost prevention techinques, tempreature-controlled ferementation, MLF, small barrel aging.
In 1973, Uninspired by the new ownership, Tchelistcheff resigned from the company.
691
Who is the current owner of Beaulieu Vineyard?
Treasury Wine Estates since 2016
692
Which wine from Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars has non-estate fruit?which is the first vintage?
Artemis (estate and non-estate fruit); 2003.
693
Where is Beaulieu Vineyard located? When was it established?by who?
In Rutherford, in 1900. Founded by Georges de Latour.
694
Which is the top wine of Beaulieu Vineyard? Inaugural vintage?
Georges de Latour Private Reserve (Cabernet Sauvignon);
1936
695
When was Opus One established? Where is it located?
1979, in Oakville
696
Which two families founded Opus One?
Robert Mondavi and Baron Philippe de Rothschild of Chateau Monton-Rothschild.
697
Who is Michael Silacci?
Chief winemaker of Opus One since 2001
698
Which is the inaugural vintage of Opus One? What’s the second label of Opus One?
1979; Overture序曲 (multi-vintage)
698
What happend to Opus One in 2004?
1) Winemaking(always a joint effort between the two partners Robert Mondavi and Baron Rothschild), but since 2004 was finally brought under the sole control of Michael Silacci.
2) Constellation Brands bouth Robert Mondavi Winery and also gained Mondavi’s 50% share of Opus One.
699
Winemaking style of Opus One?
18 months in 100% new French barrels and 18months in bottles.
700
Which vineyards are hold by Opus One? How many hactares in total?
To-Kalon Q Block
To-Kalon K Block
River Parcel Ranch
Ballestra Vineyard
Total 64.5ha.
701
When was Kistler established? Where?Who is the founder and owner?
In 1978, in Sonoma, founded by Steve Kistler and remains a family-owned and operated winery
702
What’s the wine style of Kistler?
Robust, buttery Chardonnay, robust, buttery Chardonnay.
703
What’s the winemaking technique of Kistler?
Barrel-fermented by native yeasts and aged in French oak barrels.MLF, age on lees for 11-18months. No fining nor filtering.
704
What’s the specialities/uniqueness of Kistler?
Kistler's focus is the Burgundy varieties, making 10 vineyard-designated Chardonnay wines and four designated Pinot Noir wines. The fruit comes from three AVAs within Sonoma: Sonoma Coast, Sonoma Mountain and Carneros (which overlaps with the Napa Valley AVA).
705
Which is the first wine made by Kistler?which vinetage?
Dutton vineyard (Sonoma Coast) chardonnay, 1979.
706
Which 4 vineyards of Kistler are from Caneros?
Durell Vineyard (Carneros AVA): Inaugural vintage 1986.
Hyde Vineyard (Carneros AVA): Inaugural vintage 1994.
Hudson Vineyard (Carneros AVA): Inaugural vintage 1994.
Stone Flat (Carneros AVA): Inaugural vintage 2002.
707
Which 3 vineyards of Kistler are from Sonoma Coast?
Dutton Vineyard (Sonoma Coast AVA): Inaugural vintage 1979.
Vine Hill Vineyard (Sonoma Coast AVA): Inaugural vintage 1991.
Trenton Roadhouse (Sonoma Coast AVA): Inaugural vintage 2009.
708
Which 3 vineyards of Kistler are from Sonoma Mountain?
Kistler Vineyard (Sonoma Mountain AVA): Inaugural vintage 1986.
Kistler Vineyard ‘Cuvee Cathleen’ (Sonoma Mountain AVA)
McCrea Vineyard (Sonoma Mountain AVA): Inaugural vintage 1988.
709
Which wine is the joint venture between Washington's Chateau Ste. Michelle and Italy's Marchesi Antinori? when was it first released?which wines are made from where?
Col Solare阳光山谷, in 1995;
From Red Mountain, Cabernet Sauvignon, as well as individual blocks of Carmenère, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Merlot and Syrah.
710
When was Chateau Ste. Michelle founded?Where?
1967, in Woodinville (fruits from Columbia Valley and Horse Heaven Hills)
710
Which wine is the collaboration between Chateau Ste. Michelle and Ernst Loosen?Where are the fruits from?
Eroica; from cool climate vineyards in the Yakima Valley and Horse Heaven Hills in Washington
New World expressions of Riesling made with Old World winemaking philosophies.
711
Which winery is the largest riesling producer in the world?
Chateau Ste. Michelle
712
Where is Domaine Drouhin Located? Who is the founder?when established?
Dundee Hills, Maison Joseph Drouhin in 1987.
713
Who are the founders of Beaux Freres Winery? What does the winery name mean? When was it established? Where is the winery located?What’s famous for?
Mike Etzel and his brother-in-law小舅子 Robert Parker
Beaux freres: brothers-in-law
1986
Ribbon Ridge AVA, Willamette Valley
Pinot Noir.
714
Which are the best vintages for California North Coast Chardonnay?
2018, 2017, 2016, 2015*, 2014, 2012, 2007, 2005, 2004, 1997, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986
*Extraordinary, 其他都是outstanding
715
Which are the best vintages for North Coast Cabernet Sauvignon?
2019*, 2018, 2016*, 2015*, 2013*, 2012*, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007*, 2005, 2002, 2001*, 1997, 1995, 1994, 1989, 1988, 1987, 1986, 1985, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1970
*Extraordinary, 其他都是outstanding
716
Name 3 AVAs within Sonoma Valley?
Bennett Valley, Sonoma Mountain, Moon Mountain District
717
What’s the second wine of Bond? What’s the first vintage?
Matriarch女族长 (a blend from declassified wines for Bond)
1999
718
Which is the passito wine made from Robert Mondavi? From which grapes?
Sauvito, 78% Sauvignon Blanc and 22% Semillon
719
What’s the coldest area in Russian River Valley?
Green Valley of Russian River Valley, Primary to the Pacific Express
720
Which wine is owned by Pontet Canet in Napa?
Pym Rae (Villa Sorrio)
721
Who is the owner of Pym Rae? What’s the former name? Where is it located?
Tesseron Family (owner of Pontet Canet); Villa Sorrio;
Mount Veeder
722
When did Tesseron Family purchased Pym Rae former name Villa Sorrio?
2016
723
Which two AVAs in Napa is dominated by Pinot Noir?
Los Carneros, Wild Horse Valley (shared with Solano)
724
Where is Kapcsándy Family Winery located?
Yountville
725
Who is the producer of State Lane Vineyard Cabernet Sauvignon?
Kapcsándy (by Lou Kapcsándy, Hungarian)
726
Name 3 Vitis Lambrusca?
Cawtaba, Concord, Delaware, Isabella, Niagara
727
Where is Bald Peak?
Mountain top (highest peak) in the Chehalem Mountains in Oregon
728
Which wine is a joint venture between Dalla Valle Vineyards and Ornellaia? Where is it located?
DVO Napa Valley; Oakville.
729
What’s Angelica?
A sweet wine produced in USA by Mission Grape
730
What’s the first vintage of Les Pavots?
1996
731
What’s the top cuvee of Joseph Phelps? First vintage?
Insignia, 1974
732
What’s the better known name for Palomino in California?
Golden Chasselas
733
Who is the producer of Arcadia? What’s the grape? First vintage?
Stag’s Leap Wine Cellar, Chardonnay, 1998
734
What’s the top white wine made by Inglenook? Grape varieties? First vintage?
Blancaneaux, Roussanne Marsanne and Viognier; 1999
735
Which AVAs are in Solano County?
Wild Horse Valley (shared with Napa)
Clarksburg (Sacramento-Yolo)
Solano County Green Valley,
Suisun Valley
736
Who is the producer of Sea Spray? Within which AVA?
Sea Smoke, Sta. Rita Hills
737
Which winery is made by Meo-Camuzet in US? Where is it located?
Nicolas & Jay; Willamette Valley-Oregon
738
Nicolas& Jay is the jointventure of who?
Jean-Nicolas Méo (Meo-Camuzet) and Jay Boberg
739
What’s the top cuvee of Roederer Estate? First vintage? What’s the name for European Market?
L’Ermitage, 1989;
Quartet
740
Which is the winery owned by Cordorniu in California? Where is it located? Which types of wines are made?
Artesa Vineyards & Winery in Carneros;
Both still and sparkling wines
741
What’s the top cuvee of Domaine Carneros?
Le Reve (Blanc de Blancs and Rose)
742
Who is the producer of Le Ciel Serein? Style and grape varieties?
Domaine Carneros; Blanc de Noirs Sparkling, 100% Pinot Noir
743
What’s Ringold Formation? Where do you find this soils?
A layer of ancient lakebed sediment that's whitish in color. It's made up of clay.
744
Where is Santa Rosa?
Sonoma, and GI in East Mendoza
745
Single Vineyard AVAs?
River Junction - McManis Vineyards
Diablo Grande - Isom Ranch Winery&Vineyards
Egle Peak - Masút
Cole Ranch - Sterling Family, owner of Esterlina Winery at Philo
Dos Rios - Vin de Tevis
Pacheco Pass - Zanger Vineyards
Merritt Island - Bogle Vineyards.
Malibu-Newton Canyon - Rosenthal Estate
Red Hill Douglas County
