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Quick Recap Flashcards

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1
Q

Human factors of floods

A

Deforestation
Agriculture

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2
Q

How dose deforestation increase the risk of flooding

A

Loss of Vegetation: Trees and plants help absorb and retain rainwater in the soil. When forests are cleared, there is less vegetation to absorb rainfall, leading to more water running off the surface.

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3
Q

Agriculture

A

Deforestation for Farmland: Clearing forests to create agricultural land reduces the natural vegetation that absorbs rainwater. Without trees and plants, there is less water retention in the soil, leading to increased surface runoff during heavy rainfall, which raises flood risks.

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4
Q

Step of a water fall explain

A
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5
Q

A step drop waterfall explain the step how it gets there

A
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6
Q

Formation of a water fall

A
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7
Q

River cli meander explain

A

The fast of erosion is on the outside bend caused by abrasion and hydration as it erosions it undercuts the river bank and forms a river cliff

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8
Q

Sip off slope

A

We’re as the water travels slower in the inside bend causing deposition to cause a slip off slope

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9
Q

Neck of the meander

A

It’s basically the top of the meander he river current will begin to erode the neck of the meander known as lateral and side ways erison

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10
Q

Physical factors of flooding

A

Impermeable water can’t soak in the rock

Permeable rock water can sock in it

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11
Q

Compare of destructive and constructive waves

A

Destructive
High in height
More dark waves
Waves is more closer together
Stronger backwash than awash
Violent

Constructive
Weak backswash
Stronger swash
Calm gentle

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12
Q

Types of weathering

A

Biological plant growing in the cracks of the rock

Mechanical is when water fills the cracks of the rocks and freezes and widesens and break

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13
Q

Chemical weathering

A

Acid rain

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14
Q

Slumping

A

When the clod is made out of clay and becomes saturated and sock with water

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15
Q

Rock fall

A

pieces of rock are continuously weathered and eroded Quito they separate

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16
Q

Headlands created

A
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17
Q

The cost benefit of soft engineering FLOOD MANAGEMENT

A

Flood zoning
Flood warnings

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18
Q

The cost benefit of hard engineering FLOOD MANAGEMENT

A

Dams and reservoirs
Channel straightening

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19
Q

Flood plain zoning

A

Prevent buildings on parts of a flood plan that are likely to be affected

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20
Q

Flood plain zoning benefits

A

Low cost – much cheaper than hard engineering methods like dams or levees.

Risk of flooding is reduced impermeable surface aren’t created impact of flooding reduced

Environmentally friendly – preserves natural floodplains, which absorb excess water and support wildlife.

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21
Q

Flood zoning risk

A

Economic Limitations
Reduces opportunities for housing, businesses, and infrastructure development in growing towns or cities.

Expected in urban areas limited if they aren’t any other suitable buildings

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22
Q

Flood warnings disadvantage

A

Dependence on Technology and Communication
If warning systems fail (e.g. power cuts, poor signal), people may not receive alerts in time.

No Physical Protection
Flood warnings don’t stop the flood from happening—they only give people time to prepare or evacuate

Warnings do stop floods from happening

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23
Q

Food warnings advantages benefits

A

Low Cost
Much cheaper than hard engineering (like dams or flood walls) to set up and maintain.

Reduces Property Damage
Allows people to prepare (e.g. move valuables upstairs, use sandbags), which can reduce the impact of flooding.

The impact of flooding reduces

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24
Q

Dams advantage

A

Effective Flood Control
Dams hold back large amounts of water and release it in a controlled way, reducing the risk of downstream flooding.

Water Storage
Stores water during wet periods that can be used during droughts for drinking, irrigation, and industry.

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25
Dams disadvantage
Very Expensive to Build and Maintain Construction costs can reach billions of pounds. Ongoing maintenance is also costly Environmental Damage Dams flood large areas of land to create reservoirs, destroying habitats, forests, and wildlife.
26
Embankments raining walks are built along the river bed Disadvantage
Visually Intrusive Embankments can be large and unattractive, changing the natural appearance of the river landscape. High Construction and Maintenance Costs Building strong, reinforced embankments is expensive, and they require regular maintenance to prevent weakening or collapse.
27
Embankments advantages
Protects Valuable Land Helps safeguard homes, farmland, and infrastructure in flood-prone areas. Relatively Low Cost (compared to other hard engineering) While not cheap, embankments are generally less expensive than dams and reservoirs. Helps safeguard homes, farmland, and infrastructure in flood-prone areas.
28
Wave cut platform formation
29
Crack cave arch stacks and Stumps
30
What is causes langshore drift
The wind
31
Plate margins
Destructive Constructive ConsErVA tive(rubbing against each other) Collision
32
Destructive
33
How are volcanos farmed in a destructive plate margin
As the oceanic plate sinks, it melts due to the heat and pressure in the mantle, forming magma. The magma rises through cracks in the Earth’s crust because it is less dense than the surrounding rock. Eventually, the magma erupts at the surface, forming a volcano.
34
How are volcanos farmed in a Constructive plate margin simple
As the plates separate, magma from the mantle rises up through the gap because the pressure is lower. The magma cools and solidifies as it reaches the Earth’s surface, forming new crust. Over time, repeated eruptions build up the layers of lava, forming a volcano.
35
NEPAL 2015 Low income country
Social primary affect 900 people died 20000 injuries over 3 million people were affected Economic primary Cost of damage is over us5 billion dollars
36
NEPAL 2015 Low income country response primary
Economic repose Uk raised money 126 million to provide emergency and start rebuilding areas The Red Cross set up temporary shelters for 225000 people Social
37
Destructive
38
NEPAL 2015 Low income country response secondary
Social thousands of homes were repaired sticker building control Economic Tourism sites responded and tourist started to return
39
NEPAL 2015 Low income country effect long term secondary
Mount Everest killed 19 people social Social landslides blocked kali gandaki
40
Why people still live I tectonic hazards
Job opportunities economic San Francisco in the USA Volcanic soil is more furtile grow sell more crops Social some places and well prepared and education enough Unpredictability and Magnitude: Even with education, the exact timing and magnitude of natural hazards like earthquakes or volcanic eruptions are unpredictable.
41
How can you predict monitoring protect earthquakes
monitoring Seismographs measure the magnitude
42
Tropical storms form
43
Tropical storms form
44
Tropical storms form
45
L’Aquila 2009 Hic Italy
46
Tropical storm formation in more depth
Sea Surface Temperature Tropical storms form over warm ocean waters, usually when the sea surface temperature is above 26.5°C (about 27°C). Warm water evaporates, turning into moist air. This warm, moist air rises into the atmosphere, creating an area of low pressure at the surface. As the warm, moist air rises, it creates a low-pressure area. Surrounding cooler air moves in to replace the rising air, causing convergence of winds at the surface.
47
How climate change affects tropicals
Tropical storms need warm ocean water (typically over 26.5°C) to provide energy for their formation. As global temperatures rise due to climate change, sea surface It will cause tropical storms to happen in places that haven’t been experienced
48
Tycoon haiyan secondary affects
Secondary affects Floods allow landslides block roads 30000 fishing man boast was killed Power supplies was cut off in some areas
49
Tycoon haiyan primary affect
40000 homes damaged Strong winds damage buildings power lines
50
Tycoon haiyan immediately affects
Is aircraft’s helicopter helped with the research Long term shelters were build
51
Monitoring protecting and planning and hurricane
Bicycle can be used to give of warnings (monitoring) Shutters can be added to windows (protect ) Practice evacuations drills with family members and in school (planning)
52
How is monitoring protection planning for a hurricane good
Early warning systems provide advance notice of an impending hurricane, giving people and authorities time to prepare. ( protecting )Flood defenses (such as sea walls and levees), storm shutters, and stronger building codes can reduce damage to homes and businesses. hurricane preparedness plans are more likely to reduce the impact of the disaster. These plans include evacuation routes, emergency supply (planning)
53
COST MANAGEMENT HARD
Sea Wall
54
COST MANAGEMENT HARD 2
55
Soft engineering
56
Soft engineering
57
Soft engineering
57
COST MANAGEMENT HARD 2
58
What are the three cells a called
Harley cell Ferrel cell Polar cell
59
What dose cold air do
Sinks
60
Low pressure
Caused by hot air rising causes stormy cloudy weather
61
High pressure
Caused by cold air sinking cause clear and calm weather
62
What are typhoon
Hurricans
63
Tropical Storm
64
Natural change of climates change
65
The Somerset flood
600 house flooded Power cut 10 million cost South west England
66
What was done to Somerset
River bank have been raised and strengthened
67
Uk weather
Beat from the east (3 people died ) school was closed 60-70mph Storm Eunice 20000 homes was left with no power

geography (20 decks)

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