Quiz 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Study of minute living organisms
A
MICROBIOLOGY
2
Q
Study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between
them.
A
PARASITOLOGY
3
Q
observed thin slice of cork under a crude microscope
A
ROBERT HOOKE
4
Q
all living things are composed of cells.
A
CELL THEORY
5
Q
-
A
-
6
Q
observed live microorganisms
through the magnifying lens he
constructed (single-lens
microscope).
A
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
7
Q
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK called the live microorganisms
as
A
animalcules.
8
Q
forms of life arising from non-living matter.
A
ABIOGENESIS THEORY/SPONTANEOUS GENERATION THEORY
9
Q
disproved the spontaneous generation theory (sealed jars)
A
FRANCESCO REDI
10
Q
proponent of the spontaneous generation theory
A
JOHN NEEDHAM
11
Q
necessary for a spontaneous generation had been destroyed
by the heat.
A
vital force
12
Q
asserted that microorganisms from the air probably had
entered Needham’s solutions.
A
LAZARRO SPALLANZANI
13
Q
Creator of concept of BIOGENESIS THEORY
A
RUDOLF VIRCHOW
14
Q
living cells can arise only from
pre-existing living cells.
A
BIOGENESIS THEORY
15
Q
Disproved ABIOGENESIS by his Swan Neck flask experiment
A
LOUIS PASTEUR
16
Q
process by which sugars are converted
to alcohol by yeasts in the absence of air.
A
Fermentation
17
Q
bacteria change the alcohol in the
beverage into
A
vinegar (acetic acid).
18
Q
Concept of microorganisms causing disease.
A
GERM THEORY OF DISEASE
19
Q
Demonstrated that physicians, who do not
disinfect their hands routinely transmitted infections
(puerperal fever).
A
IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS
20
Q
Treated surgical wounds with phenol (carbolic
acid), a disinfectant. The practice reduced the
incidence of infections and death.
A
JOSEPH LISTER
21
Q
Anthrax
A
Bacillus anthracis
22
Q
Tuberculosis.
A
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
23
Q
Discovered Bacillus anthracis & Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
A
ROBERT KOCH
24
Q
(Disease Causation Process)
A
KOCH’S POSTULATES
25
pathogens cannot be grown in artificial media
Treponema pallidum
Mycobacterium leprae
Rickettsial pathogens
Viruses
26
Father of immunization
EDWARD JENNER
27
the protection from disease provided by vaccination
| or by recovery from the disease itself
IMMUNITY
28
The root word of the word "vaccine"
VACCA
29
destroy pathogenic microorganisms without damaging the infected animal/
human (host)
CHEMOTHERAPY
30
chemicals/ drugs produced naturally by bacteria
| and fungi acting against another microorganism.
ANTIBIOTICS
31
treatment for Malaria
Quinine
32
discovered SALVARSAN
PAUL EHRLICH
33
salvation from syphilis
SALVARSAN
34
drugs derived from dyes;
Sulfonamides
35
Discovered PENICILLIN
ALEXANDER FLEMING
36
Bacteria, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
MONERA
37
Protozoans
PROTISTA
38
Yeasts, Molds
FUNGI
39
Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, Mosses, Ferns
PLANTAE
40
Sponges, Worms, Insects, Vertebrates, Mollusks, Arthropods, etc.
ANIMALIA
41
are relatively simple, unicellular (single-celled), prokaryotic organisms.
BACTERIA
42
BACTERIA Reproduction:
Binary Fission
43
causative agents of bacterial pneumonia.
Haemophilus influenzae
44
consists of prokaryotic cells, but if they have cell walls,
| lack peptidoglycan, often found in extreme environments
ARCHAEA
45
live in extremely salty environments
EXTREME HALOPHILES
46
produce methane as a waste product of
| respiration.
METHANOGENS
47
live in hot, sulfurous water,
EXTREME THERMOPHILES
47
live in hot, sulfurous water,
EXTREME THERMOPHILES
48
unicellular or multicellular; eukaryotic organisms.
FUNGI
49
true fungi have cell walls composed primarily of
chitin
50
unicellular eukaryotic organisms, has a variety of shapes and live either as free entities or as parasites
PROTOZOA
51
photosynthetic eukaryotes.
ALGAE
52
very small, acellular, and considered to be
| living only when they multiply within living hosts
VIRUS
53
Targets of immunodeficiency viruses
CD4+ T cells
54
MULTICELLULAR ANIMAL PARASITES
Helminths
55
Branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms
(like bacteria) in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins
from soil and/or water. It is used to clean oil spills or contaminated
groundwater.
BIOREMEDIATION
56
Viscous, gelatinous polymer external to the cell wall
GLYCOCALYX
57
Can be identified using negative staining technique.
CAPSULE
58
a collection of one or more types of microorganisms
| that can grow on surfaces.
Biofilm/EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCE (EPS)
59
Long appendages that propel the bacteria (organ of locomotion).
FLAGELLA
60
(no flagella)
ATRICHOUS
61
(single pole flagellum)
MONOTRICHOUS
62
(two or more flagella at one pole)
LOPHOTRICHOUS
63
(flagella on both sides)
AMPHITRICHOUS
64
(flagella are distributed around the bacteria)
PERITRICHOUS
65
Outer pair is anchored to the cell wall and
the inner pair is anchored to the plasma
membrane of the bacteria.
GRAM-NEGATIVE FLAGELLA
66
Only the inner pair is present
GRAM-POSITIVE FLAGELLA
66
Only the inner pair is present
GRAM-POSITVE FLAGELLA
67
(unidirectional movement)
RUNS/ SWIM
68
(abrupt change in direction)
TUMBLES
69
(rapid wave-like movement in culture
| media)
SWARM
70
Flagellar protein; useful in the identification of serovars among
species of gram-negative bacteria.
H-ANTIGEN
71
Functions as adherence. shorter, and formed by chromosome
FIMBRIAE
72
Functions as conjuction. longer, and formed by plasmid
PILI
73
Bundles of fibrils that arise at the ends of the cell
| beneath the outer sheath and spiral around the cell.
Endoflagella/AXIAL FILAMENT
74
Borrelia burgdorferi
Leptospira interrogans
Treponema pallidum
spirochetes
75
Complex, semirigid structure
CELL WALL
76
Repeating disaccharide attached by polypeptides to form a lattice that surrounds and protects the entire cell.
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
77
appear purple under the microscope. because of the ability bacteria retains the crystal violet dye used in gram staining.
GRAM POSITIVE CELL WALL
77
appear purple under the microscope because of the ability retains the crystal violet dye used in gram staining due to thick wall
GRAM-POSITIVE CELL WALL
78
are teichoic acids bound to the plasma
| membrane.
LIPOTEICHOIC
79
are teichoic acids bound to the plasma
| membrane.
Lipoteichoic acids
80
the counterstain
Safranin
80
the counterstain
Safranin
81
Contains one or few layers of peptidoglycan but
outside this later is a bilayer membrane (outer
membrane) composed of phospholipids, channel
proteins (called porins), and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
GRAM-NEGATIVE CELL WALL
82
The outer membrane is a large complex molecule
| that contains lipids and carbohydrates.
Lipopolysaccharide
83
lipid portion of LPS.
Lipid A
84
attached to lipid A; contains sugars.
Core polysaccharide
85
functions as an antigen and is useful for distinguishing species of gram-negative bacteria.
O-polysaccharide
86
Released when gram-negative cell wall disintegrates and may trigger fever, vasodilation, inflammation, shock, and
blood clotting.
LIPID A
87
Without cell wall; Contains sterols instead of
| peptidoglycan
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
88
Smallest known bacteria
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
89
Contains polysaccharides and proteins instead of
| peptidoglycan.
ARCHAEA
90
ARCHAEA Contains
PSEUDOMUREIN
91
Thin layer surrounding the cell’s cytoplasm
CELL MEMBRANE
92
Regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell
SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY
93
Part of the bacteria where its components are suspended.
CYTOPLASM
94
Contains single, long, continuous circularly arranged thread
| of double-stranded DNA
NUCLEOID
95
Certain antibiotics act by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis
Quinolones
96
Circular, double-stranded DNA.
PLASMIDS
97
Cell structure responsible for protein synthesis
RIBOSOMES
98
Inorganic phosphate reserve
METACHROMATIC GRANULES
99
METACHROMATIC GRANULES Collectively known as
VOLUTIN
100
Consist of glycogen and starch
POLYSACCHARIDE GRANULES
101
• Lipid storage
LIPID INCLUSIONS
102
oxidize sulfur and sulfur-containing
| compounds to energy
Thiobacillus
103
For bacteria that only utilizes CO2 for their carbon source
CARBOXYSOMES
104
Aquatic prokaryotes; gas vesicles (maintains buoyancy)
GAS VACUOLES
105
Inclusions of Iron Oxide
MAGNETOSOMES
106
Example of MAGNETOSOMES
Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum
107
Highly durable, dehydrated cells with thick walls
| and additional layers and Can survive extreme heat, lack of water,
ENDOSPORES
108
Process of endospore formation
SPORULATION
109
Process by which endospores go back to its
| vegetative state.
GERMINATION
110
Bacteria that are round or oval with one plane of division
diplococci
111
Bacteria that are round or oval with one plane of division
DIPLOCOCCI
112
Bacteria that are round or oval with one plane of division in a chain
STREPTOCOCCI
113
Bacteria that are round or oval with two plane of division
TETRAD
114
Bacteria that are round or oval with three plane of division
SARCINAE
115
Bacteria that are round or oval in a cluster
STAPHYLOCOCCI
116
A bacteria that are stick-like with rounded,
| squared, or swollen ends
COCCOBACILLI
117
Small, slightly curved rods; coma-shaped.
VIBRIO
118
Bacteria that have one or more twists.
SPIRAL
119
Helical and rigid
SPIRILLUM
120
Star-shaped bacteria
STELLA
120
Rectangular Bacteria
HALOARCULA
120
Lacks a distinct shape
PLEOMORPHIC
121
Star-shaped
stella
