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Microbiology & Parasitology > Unit 3 Gram Positive Cocci > Flashcards

Unit 3 Gram Positive Cocci Flashcards

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1
Q

Bacteria that cause disease

A

Clinically Significant Bacteria

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2
Q

2 Types of grams positive cocci

A

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus

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3
Q

Staphy greek meaning

A

cluster of grape

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4
Q

Strept meaning

A

twisted

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5
Q

Test that differentiates staphylococcus and streptococcus

A

Catalase test

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6
Q

Forms positive result to catalase test

A

Staphylococcus

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7
Q

Catalase test positive result

A

Production of bubbles (oxygen)

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8
Q

Catalase test reagent

A

Hydrogen Peroxide

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9
Q

Top 3 Staphylococcus

A

S. aureus
S. saprophyticus
S. epidermidis

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10
Q

Test for Staphylococcus aureus

A

Coagulase test

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11
Q

Coagulase test positive result

A

Clotting

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12
Q

Test to differentiate between S. saprophyticus and S. epidermidis

A

Novobiocin

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13
Q

Positive to novobiocin test

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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14
Q

More resistant to drugs Staphylococcus

A

S. saprophyticus

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15
Q

MSCRAMMS

A

Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecule

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16
Q

Staphylococcus media

A

Mannitol salt agar

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17
Q

S. aureus in mannitol

A

Red to yellow due to phenol red due to change acidity

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18
Q

S. epidermitis in mannitol

A

White since original color of the bacteria

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18
Q

Resistance to drugs

A

Virulence factor

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19
Q

Types of virulence factor

A

1) Protein A
2) Coagulase
3) Hemolysin
4) Leukocidins
5) Penicillinase

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20
Q

Penicillinase enzyme ring-like structure

A

B-lactamase

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21
Q

B-lactamase MOA

A

attacks normal flora
degrades B-lactam antibiotic

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22
Q

In the surface of Staphylococcus aureus

A

Protein A

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23
Q

S. aureus iseases caused by Exotoxin release

A

1) Gastroenteritis
2) Toxic Shock Syndrome
3) Scalded Skin Syndrome

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24
S. aureus Diseases by direct organ infection
1) Pneumonia 2) Meningitis 3) Osteomyelitis 4) Acute Endocarditis 5) Septic Arthritis 6) Skin Infections
25
S. aureus skin diseases
1) Cellulitis 2) Boils 3) Furuncle 4) Impetigo 5) Carbuncle
26
Deeper furuncle
Carbuncle
27
1st leading cause of UTI
Escherichia coli
28
Normal flora of the skin and contaminant in urinalysis & blood sampling
Staphylococcus epidermidis
29
S. epidermidis can cause _________ and _________ like S. aureus
Abcess; sepsis
30
2nd leading cause of UTI
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
31
Types of classification of Cocci
1. Smith & Brown 2. Lancefield 3. Academic or Bergey
32
Based on colony morphologic and hemolytic
Smith & Brown
33
Serologic specificity of cell wall or antigen
Lancefield
34
Physiologic (Temperature, Enzymes, Sensitivity to antibiotics)
Academic or Bergey
35
Complete clearing of RBCS Positive for production of hemolysis
Beta-hemolysis
36
Partial clearing and greening of blood Positive for degradation of hemoglobin pigment into biliverdin
Alpha-hemolysis
37
No clearing with or without rusting Negative for hemolysis
Gamma-hemolysis
38
Uses blood agar media for classification of Streptococci
Smith & Brown
39
α-hemolytic Streptococcus
S. viridans S. pneumoniae
40
Test positive for Bile Optochin Test
S. pneumoniae
41
β-hemolytic Streptococcus
S. pyogenes S. agalactiae
42
Test positive to Bacitracin Test
S. pyogenes
43
Used to differentiate enterococci and group D streptococci
Bile Esculin Test
44
Test positive to Bile Esculin test
Enterococcus
45
Main groups of Lancefield
1. Group A 2. Group B 3. Group D 4. Unclassified Hemolytic
46
Lancefield Group A Streptococcus
S. pyogenes
47
Streptococcus pyogenes pathogenic enzymes
1. Streptolysin O 2. Streptolysin S 3. Pyrogenic/Erythrogenic Toxin 4. Streptokinase
48
S. pyogenes main virulence factor and tested for disease due to its antigenic (ASO antibodies)
Streptolysin O
49
Smaller than Streptolysin O and not antigenic
Streptolysin S
50
Enzyme that results to fever
Pyrogenic toxin
51
Enzyme that results to redness
Erythrogenic toxin
51
Enzyme that inhibits blood clotting
Streptokinase
52
Diseases caused by LOCAL INVASION/EXOTOXIN RELEASE S. pyogenes
1. Streptococcal Pharyngitis 2. Streptococcal Skin Infections 3. Scarlet Fever 4. Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
53
Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Tonsilitis, Pharyngitis
54
Streptococcal Skin Infections
Cellulitis, Impetigo, Necrotizing Fasciitis
55
Diseases caused by DELAYED ANTIBODY-MEDIATED RELEASE S. pyogenes
RHEUMATIC FEVER
56
RHEUMATIC FEVER SYMPTOMS
* Fever * Myocarditis (heart inflammation) * Joint Swelling (Arthritis) * Chorea (involuntary dance-like movements of extremities Latent s/sx * Subcutaneous nodules (rubbery nodules) * Erythema marginatum
57
Group B Streptococcus
Strepotococcus agalactiae
58
Streptococcus agalactiae characteristics
Normal flora of mouth and vagina Causes neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis
59
S. pyogenes main virulence enzyme Similar to protein in mitral and aortic
M-protein
60
Group D cocci
Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium Streptococcus bovis Streptococcus equinus
61
Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium disease
UTI, biliary tract, bacteremia
62
Streptococcus bovis disease
Strongly associated with colon cancer
63
Streptococcus equinus disease
rare - bacteremia & endocarditis
64
Unclassified Streptococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae Viridans groups Streptococcus salivarius Streptococcus sanguis Streptococcus mitis Streptococcus intermedius Streptococcus mutans
65
Streptococcus pneumoniae characteristics
Lancet-shaped, diplococci, Encapsulated
66
No unifying features No antigenic properties
Unclassified Streptococcus
67
Helps evade phagocytosis
Capsule
68
Its color dependent on the cell reaction of the body but not absolute
Phlegm
69
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of
Pneumonia in adults Bacterial Meningitis in adults Otitis media in children
70
Viridans groups dieases
Dental infections, Endocarditis, Abcesses
71
Classification under academic or Bergey
1. Viridans 2. Enterococcus 3. Pyrogenic 4. Lactic
72
Lancefield Group A antigen
Rhamnose-N-acetyl glucosamine
73
Lancefield Group B antigen
Rhamnose glucosamine polysaccharide
74
Lancefield Group D antigen
Glycerol Teichoic Acid

Microbiology & Parasitology (9 decks)

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